Math Curriculum MC30F 2
Math Curriculum MC30F 2
Part-II 3
MC30F Geometry 3
1
Part-II
2
MC30F Geometry
Chapter 1: Angles
• Angles (review)
Sample Problem:
(Alec Sun) In regular nonagon (9-sided polygon) ABCDEFGH I, draw the circle that is tangent to
I A at A and CD at C. What is the degree measure of minor arc AC?
• Pythagorean triples
Sample Problem:
(Math Day at the Beach-2012-Team-1) Each of two congruent equilateral triangles with side s has
center that is a vertex of the other triangle. What is the area of the overlap, in terms of s?
Chapter 3: Similarity
• Similarity/congruence axioms (SSS, SAS, ASA, AA similarity)
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MC30F Geometry
Sample Problem:
(AMC10-2018-A15) Two circles of radius 5 are externally tangent to each other and are internally
tangent to a circle of radius 13 at points A and B, as shown in the diagram. The distance AB can
be written in the form mn , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. What is m + n?
A B
Sample Problem:
(AMC12-2018-B13) Square ABCD has side length 30. Point P lies inside the square so that AP = 12
and BP = 26. The centroids of △ ABP, △ BCP, △CDP, and △ DAP are the vertices of a convex
quadrilateral. What is the area of that quadrilateral?
A D
B C
Chapter 5: Length-1
• Triangle inequality, Ravi substitution
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MC30F Geometry
• Stewart’s theorem
Sample Problem:
(AMC12-2012-A12) A square region ABCD is externally tangent to the circle with equation x2 +
y2 = 1 at the point (0, 1) on the side CD. Vertices A and B are on the circle with equation x2 + y2 =
4. What is the side length of the square?
A B
D C
√ √ √ √ √
10+5 2 5 2 2 2 19−4 9− 17
(A) 10 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 5 (E) 5
Chapter 6: Length-2
• Mass points considering levers/torque
Sample Problem:
(Lehigh MC-2014-27) Let BE be a median of triangle ABC, and let D be a point on AB such that
BD/DA = 3/7. What is the ratio of the area of triangle BED to that of triangle ABC? Express
your answer as a common fraction in reduced form.
Chapter 7: Area-1
• Areas of simple shapes (triangle, certain quadrilaterals)
• Triangle area formulas (Heron’s formula, A = rs, A = abc/4R, (ab sin C)/2
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MC30F Geometry
Sample Problem:
(AMC10-2014-B13) Six regular hexagons surround a regular hexagon of side length 1 as shown.
What is the area of △ ABC?
√ √ √ √ √
(A) 2 3 (B) 3 3 (C) 1 + 3 2 (D) 2 + 2 3 (E) 3 + 2 3
Chapter 8: Area-2
• Area formula for a circle, sector
• Brahmagupta’s formula
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MC30F Geometry
Sample Problem:
C B
Chapter 9: Trigonometry-1
• Definitions of sin, cos, tan, as well as csc, sec, cot
• The unit circle
• Basic trig identities, Sum and difference formulas for sin, cos, tan (e.g. sin(a+b))
Sample Problem:
(UK MC-2010-Senior-14) The parallel sides of a trapezium (trapezoid) have lengths 2x and 2y,
respectively. The diagonals are equal in length, and a diagonal makes an angle θ with the parallel
sides, as shown. What is the length of each diagonal?
2x
θ
2y
x +y x +y
(A) x + y (B) sin θ (C) ( x + y) cos θ (D) ( x + y) tan θ (E) cos θ
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MC30F Geometry
(Hong Kong MC-2006-17) If a square can completely cover a triangle with side lengths 3, 4 and 5,
find the smallest possible side length of the square.
(AMC12-2006-B16) Regular hexagon ABCDEF has vertices A and C at (0, 0) and (7, 1), respec-
tively. What is its area?
√ √ √ √
(A) 20 3 (B) 22 3 (C) 25 3 (D) 27 3 (E) 50
Chapter 12: 3D
• Distance formula in 3D
• Area/volume of various 3D shapes (cube, prisms, cylinders, cones, spheres)
• Common 3D solids
• Euler’s polyhedral formula
Sample Problem:
(HMMT Feb-2004-Guts-18) On a spherical planet with diameter 10,000 km, powerful explosives
are placed at the north and south poles. The explosives are designed to vaporize all matter within
5,000 km of ground zero and leave anything beyond 5,000 km untouched. After the explosives are
set off, what is the new surface area of the planet, in square kilometers?
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MC30F Number Theory
• Sigma notation
Sample Problem:
(Australian MC-2000-I22) The number 2000 is expressed as the sum of 32 consecutive positive
integers. The largest of these integers is
• Legendre’s formula
Sample Problem:
(UK MC-2008-Senior-19) How many prime numbers p are there such that 199p + 1 is a perfect
square?
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MC30F Number Theory
Chapter 3: Divisibility
• Divisibility by numbers 2-11 inclusive
Sample Problem:
(Richard Spence) Find the largest positive integer multiple of 11 whose digits are all odd and
different.
Sample Problem:
(Lehigh MC-2006-32) Let S denote the set of all (positive) divisors of 605 . The product of all the
numbers in S equals 60e for some integer e. What is the value of e?
Sample Problem:
1 1 1
(Lehigh MC-2004-37) How many ordered pairs ( x, y) of integers satisfy + = ? (Note that
x y 2
both positive and negative integers are allowed.)
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MC30F Number Theory
Sample Problem:
(AMC12-2012-B11) In the equation below, A and B are consecutive positive integers, and A, B,
and A + B represent number bases:
132 A + 43B = 69 A+ B
What is A + B?
Sample Problem:
max(m, n) = (m − n)2
min(m, n)
gcd(m, n) =
6
Find lcm(m, n).
• Modular inverses
Sample Problem:
11
MC30F Number Theory
• Applying Fermat’s little theorem to find the remainder when a power is divided by a prime
Sample Problem:
• Using the totient function on basic problems involving relatively prime integers
• Demonstrating that Fermat’s little theorem is a special case of Euler’s totient theorem
Sample Problem:
(Richard Spence) What is the sum of all positive integers less than 720 which are relatively prime
to 720?
Sample Problem:
(Richard Spence) Find all 3-digit positive integers N such that the numbers N, N + 1, and N + 2
are divisible by 7, 8, and 9 respectively.
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MC30F Number Theory
(AIME-2012-II-1) Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integer solutions (m, n) to the equa-
tion 20m + 12n = 2012.
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