This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D3183 − 10 (Reapproved 2019)

Standard Practice for

Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from
Products1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope 4. Significance and Use

1.1 This practice covers methods for the preparation of 4.1 This practice is used when it is necessary to test a
pieces of a rubber vulcanizate that is not in the form of sheet. product from which specimens cannot be cut directly. Proce-
Such pieces are used as a source from which specimens are dures are given for preparing pieces suitable for preparing
obtained for testing. specimens of the product.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5. Conditioning
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 5.1 Pieces shall be prepared for specimen cutting and testing
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the not sooner than 16 h after vulcanization and not later than 60
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the days after delivery to a purchaser (Note 1).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.2 Testing, for the purpose of production control, may
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- require that the pieces be prepared and tested prior to 16 h as
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. specified in 5.1. This practice shall be noted in the respective
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- test report.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- NOTE 1—This procedure’s time limit may be modified as agreed upon
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the between laboratories or between supplier and user.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 6. Pieces
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 6.1 Pieces shall be obtained, if possible, from the product to
be tested in accordance with the specification for the particular
2. Referenced Documents product. The pieces shall be prepared in accordance with
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 Section 7.
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Pro- 6.2 When it is not feasible to prepare suitable pieces from
cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing the product, specially molded pieces or sheets may be prepared
Standard Vulcanized Sheets from the same unvulcanized rubber compound used to prepare
the product. The sheets shall be vulcanized in accordance with
3. Terminology
Practice D3182 and shall have an equivalent state of vulcani-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: zation judged from such properties as can be determined on the
3.1.1 piece, n—a rubber vulcanizate of a geometry from product. The sheets shall have one of the following thicknesses
which a specimen, suitable for testing, may be obtained. unless another thickness is technically necessary:
mm in.

1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber and 2 ± 0.2 (0.08 ± 0.008)
4 ± 0.2 (0.16 ± 0.008)
Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.10 on
6.3 ± 0.3 (0.25 ± 0.12)
Physical Testing.
12.5 ± 0.5 (0.50 ± 0.02)
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3183 - 10 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D3183-10R19. 7. Preparation of Pieces
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Rubber vulcanizates, particularly products, may not
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on have a suitable form or size for use in cutting specimens for
the ASTM website. test. Procedures in this section describe the preparation of

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 D3183 − 10 (2019)
pieces from vulcanizates that are too thick, have uneven a grinder with motor-driven abrasive wheel. It is important that
surfaces, or contain textiles. the wheel should run true, without vibration, and that the
7.1.1 After the piece is prepared, it shall rest at least 30 min abrasive surface based on aluminum oxide or silicon carbide is
before the specimens are cut. true and sharp. The grinder should be equipped with a
7.2 Separation of Textiles—The separation should prefer- slow-feed mechanism so that very light cuts may be made to
ably avoid the use of a swelling liquid. If this is not possible, avoid over-heating of the rubber. Suitable means should be
use commercial isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), following provided for securing the rubber to prevent excessive defor-
the safety recommendations from the supplier and the MSDS. mation and for controlled traversing of the rubber pass the
7.2.1 Take care to avoid excessive stretching of the rubber abrasive wheel (Note 2). In operation the depth of cut should
during the separation, by separating a little at a time while the not exceed approximately 0.2 mm (0.008 in.). The successive
rubber is gripped near the point of separation. cuts should be progressively thinner to avoid over-heating. Do
7.2.2 If a liquid is used, place the rubber so as to permit free not carry out buffing beyond the point where unevenness of
evaporation of the liquid. Allow time for the complete evapo- thickness has been eliminated. For removal of greater thick-
ration of the liquid before the specimens are cut and tested. nesses of rubber, use the cutting techniques indicated in 7.3 and
7.2.2.1 Some skiving machines can separate plies of rubber 7.4.
as in belts, hose, and tires (see 7.4).
NOTE 2—Wheels of 125 to 150-mm (5 to 6-in.) diameter operating at a
7.3 Cutting Knife Procedure—This procedure is based on surface speed in the range of 20 6 5 m/s (4000 6 700 ft/min) of grit size
commercial slicing machines. The machine consists of a 0.42 to 1.00 mm (grit No. 30) for roughing and of grit size 0.18 to 0.42
motor- or hand-driven disk cutter of suitable diameter with a mm (grit No. 60) for finishing have been found suitable.
movable cutting table that transports the sample to the cutting
edge. An adjustable slow-feed mechanism is fitted to the 7.5.2 Abrasive Flexible Bands, The apparatus shall consist
cutting table that feeds the rubber forward to the line of cut and of either a motor-driven drum, on which a spiral helix of the
controls the thickness of the slice. Clamping devices should be abrasive is secured, or two pulleys, one motor-driven and the
available to secure the rubber. The knife should be lubricated other adjustable to tension to centralize the movement of the
with a mild soap solution to ease the cutting operation. band. The abrasive bands should be of textile or paper, or a
combination of the two, with the abradant based on aluminum
7.4 Skiving Procedure—This procedure is based on com-
oxide or silicon carbide bonded to its surface with a resin
mercial leather slitting machinery, and convenient types are
available for cutting about 50-mm (2-in.) wide strips with unaffected by water. Equipment should be provided for slow
thicknesses up to about 12 mm (0.5 in.). Adjustments should be feeding of the material to the abrasive band and for securing
available to vary the thickness of cut, and feed rollers should be the material without excessive deformation (Note 3). In
provided to transport the material past the knife. Provision operation, cuts removing several tenths of a millimetre of
should be made for continuous sharpening of the cutting edge. rubber are practicable as the heat build up is much lower than
Attachments are available for splitting and cutting sections with the method of 7.5.1. The buffing may be either against the
from cable sheathing and hose. drum, against one of the pulleys, or against the taut band
between the pulleys.
7.5 Buffıng Techniques—Use the buffing techniques de-
scribed below when it is necessary to remove any unevenness NOTE 3—Grit sizes of 0.42 to 1.00 mm (grit No. 30) for roughing and
of surface. Uneveness of surface may result from contact with of 0.05 to 0.18 mm (grit No. 100 or 180) for finishing with surface speed
fabric components, cutting techniques, or other reasons. of the band in the range 20 6 5 m/s (4000 6 700 ft/min.) have been found
7.5.1 Abrasive Wheels—The buffing apparatus, commonly suitable.
known as an Emerson Type Rubber Buffer,3 should consist of
8. Keywords
3
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time 8.1 cutting; Emerson Type rubber buffer; rubber buffer;
is CCSi, Inc., 221 Beaver St., Akron, OH 44304. If you are aware of alternative rubber buffing; skiving; test piece; test piece preparation; test
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
specimen; testing of finished products
technical committee,1 which you may attend.

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 D3183 − 10 (2019)
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