Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

2023
ESCAP
population
data sheet
2023 Population and development indicators for Asia and the Pacific, 2023
ESCAP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Region, subregion, country, territory or area Population at mid-year Female Population Crude birth Total Contraceptive Unmet need for Crude Life expectancy Healthy life Infant Under- Maternal Median age of Child population Youth population Working-age population Population of older adults Urban population International migrants
population at growth rate fertility prevalence family planning death rate at birth expectancy at mortality five mortality total population

population
mid‑year rate 1 rate rate (any (any modern birth rate mortality ratio
method) method) rate
Thousands Percentage Percentage Births Live Contraceptive Unmet need for Deaths Male Female Male Female Infant Deaths Maternal Years Population aged 0-14 Percentage of Population aged 15-24 Percentage of Population aged 15-64 Percentage of Population aged 60 or over Percentage of Population aged 65 or over Percentage of Percentage of In country From country
change per per 1,000 births prevalence family planning per 1,000 (years) (years) (years) (years) deaths under deaths (per (thousands) population aged (thousands) population aged (thousands) population aged (thousands) population aged (thousands) population aged total population or area or area

data sheet
annum population per for married of women of population per 1,000 age 5 per 100,000 0-14 15-24 15-64 60 or over 65 or over
woman or in-union reproductive live 1,000 live live births,
(aged women age (15‑49 births births women
15-49) (15-49) years) aged
(percentage) (percentage) 15-49)
2023 2050 2023 2050 2023-2024 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2019 2019 2023 2023 2020 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2023 2050 2020 2050 2020 2020

ESCAP 4 747 788 5 196 119 49.4 49.8 0.60 13.6 1.9 .. .. 7.2 72.4 77.6 .. .. 21.0 25.8 .. 32.4 40.3 1 056 150 886 102 22.4 17.1 704 896 605 619 14.9 11.7 3 178 483 3 280 681 67.3 63.4 697 374 1 340 207 14.8 25.9 489 232 1 006 890 10.4 19.5 51.0 65.8 66 607 565 108 737 759

East and North-East Asia 1 662 477 1 522 820 49.3 49.6 -0.05 7.5 1.2 .. .. 7.9 76.9 82.5 .. .. 5.6 6.8 .. 39.8 51.0 266 336 171 268 16.3 11.4 182 512 114 766 11.1 7.6 1 117 180 867 862 68.2 57.8 343 599 587 774 21.0 39.2 255 038 461 244 15.6 30.7 64.6 81.3 8 975 729 14 820 004

China 1 425 671 1 312 636 49.0 49.4 -0.03 7.5 1.2 85.0 5.0 7.5 76.2 81.5 67.2 70.0 5.7 6.9 23 39.0 50.7 239 341 150 287 16.8 11.4 161 296 99 314 11.3 7.6 982 935 767 373 68.9 58.5 278 069 509 409 19.5 38.8 203 395 394 976 14.3 30.1 61.4 80.0 1 039 675 10 461 170
China, Hong Kong SAR 7 492 6 975 54.0 56.1 0.08 5.5 0.8 70.3 12.2 7.4 83.0 88.7 63.3 66.6 1.1 1.8 .. 45.9 57.8 889 553 11.9 7.9 575 414 7.7 5.9 5 001 3 592 66.8 51.5 2 229 3 368 29.8 48.3 1 601 2 830 21.4 40.6 100.0 100.0 2 962 492 1 007 788
China, Macao SAR 704 882 53.1 55.1 1.27 10.0 1.1 .. .. 4.3 82.9 88.1 .. .. 2.2 3.0 .. 38.5 49.9 106 108 15.0 12.2 64 79 9.0 8.9 502 525 71.3 59.6 144 322 20.4 36.5 96 249 13.7 28.2 100.0 100.0 403 490 145 192
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 26 161 25 807 50.5 50.5 0.34 12.9 1.8 74.5 11.2 9.5 71.1 76.3 72.6 75.5 13.3 16.7 107 36.1 42.8 4 930 3 986 18.8 15.4 3 483 2 965 13.3 11.5 18 041 16 189 69.0 62.7 4 658 7 269 17.8 28.2 3 190 5 632 12.2 21.8 62.4 74.2 49 549 110 377
Japan 123 295 103 784 51.4 51.4 -0.54 6.6 1.3 51.9 27.1 12.8 81.9 88.0 .. .. 1.6 2.3 4 49.1 53.6 14 141 11 553 11.5 11.1 11 435 8 361 9.3 8.1 72 082 53 309 58.5 51.4 44 482 45 305 36.1 43.7 37 072 38 922 30.1 37.5 91.8 94.7 2 770 996 808 825
Mongolia 3 447 4 519 50.4 51.0 1.38 19.5 2.7 57.4 20.3 5.5 68.4 77.6 57.1 63.8 8.3 10.0 39 27.0 32.9 1 112 1 025 32.3 22.7 472 606 13.7 13.4 2 168 2 890 62.9 64.0 289 858 8.4 19.0 167 603 4.8 13.4 68.7 77.7 21 345 82 098
Republic of Korea 51 784 45 771 50.1 51.1 -0.07 5.6 0.9 81.2 12.6 6.9 80.8 87.2 71.3 74.7 2.2 2.7 8 44.5 56.7 5 818 3 755 11.2 8.2 5 187 3 027 10.0 6.6 36 449 23 984 70.4 52.4 13 727 21 243 26.5 46.4 9 517 18 031 18.4 39.4 81.4 86.4 1 728 182 2 204 554
Other non-specified areas 23 923 22 446 .. .. 0.12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

South-East Asia 686 825 789 648 49.9 50.2 0.86 15.9 2.1 .. .. 7.0 70.2 75.9 .. .. 18.2 22.3 .. 30.4 37.3 166 564 149 715 24.3 19.0 108 072 103 074 15.7 13.1 464 327 511 239 67.6 64.7 85 716 173 346 12.5 22.0 55 934 128 695 8.1 16.3 50.0 66.0 10 615 377 23 580 736

Brunei Darussalam 453 498 48.3 49.3 0.76 13.2 1.7 .. .. 5.6 72.5 76.8 65.2 66.1 9.3 11.2 44 32.8 41.9 98 79 21.8 15.9 67 56 14.9 11.2 324 316 71.7 63.3 50 138 11.0 27.7 30 103 6.6 20.8 78.3 85.7 111 959 45 340
Cambodia 16 945 20 258 50.5 51.0 1.06 18.5 2.3 64.0 26.6 6.1 69.1 73.8 59.8 63.0 19.3 23.1 218 27.1 34.3 4 839 4 248 28.6 21.0 2 872 2 869 16.9 14.2 11 069 13 393 65.3 66.1 1 701 3 814 10.0 18.8 1 036 2 618 6.1 12.9 24.2 41.2 79 341 1 104 819
Indonesia 277 534 317 225 49.7 50.1 0.83 16.0 2.1 62.4 13.7 7.5 69.0 73.3 61.9 63.8 17.6 21.3 173 29.9 36.5 69 056 61 620 24.9 19.4 44 573 42 334 16.1 13.3 188 982 208 131 68.1 65.6 30 923 64 878 11.1 20.5 19 496 47 474 7.0 15.0 56.6 72.8 355 505 4 601 369
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 7 634 9 776 49.6 50.0 1.36 21.0 2.4 61.3 20.3 6.1 67.2 71.5 59.2 61.9 29.2 37.0 126 24.4 33.0 2 310 2 098 30.3 21.5 1 450 1 456 19.0 14.9 4 974 6 690 65.2 68.4 562 1 491 7.4 15.3 349 987 4.6 10.1 36.3 55.7 48 731 1 296 051
Malaysia 34 309 41 032 48.9 49.6 1.07 14.8 1.8 57.5 30.1 5.5 74.1 79.0 64.5 66.9 5.7 6.7 21 30.8 40.5 7 691 6 724 22.4 16.4 5 455 4 940 15.9 12.0 23 946 27 162 69.8 66.2 4 043 9 952 11.8 24.3 2 671 7 147 7.8 17.4 77.2 87.3 3 476 560 1 860 037
Myanmar 54 578 59 929 50.2 50.7 0.72 16.7 2.1 58.7 15.0 8.8 64.4 70.7 58.8 62.8 31.9 40.8 179 29.6 36.2 13 316 11 555 24.4 19.3 9 047 8 172 16.6 13.6 37 424 40 202 68.6 67.1 6 031 11 585 11.0 19.3 3 839 8 172 7.0 13.6 31.1 47.1 76 446 3 711 751
Philippines 117 337 157 892 49.2 49.3 1.51 21.3 2.7 57.7 29.5 5.6 70.3 74.3 60.1 63.9 21.2 25.2 78 25.0 31.8 35 208 36 418 30.0 23.1 21 471 24 381 18.3 15.4 75 552 104 450 64.4 66.2 10 323 24 248 8.8 15.4 6 577 17 024 5.6 10.8 47.4 61.8 225 525 6 094 307
Singapore 6 015 6 337 47.7 49.1 0.64 7.1 1.0 68.5 17.5 5.2 82.1 86.4 72.4 74.7 1.6 2.1 7 42.8 53.5 703 603 11.7 9.5 584 489 9.7 7.7 4 341 3 564 72.2 56.2 1 444 2 632 24.0 41.5 970 2 170 16.1 34.2 100.0 100.0 2 523 648 348 464
Thailand 71 801 67 880 51.5 52.1 0.13 8.7 1.3 77.3 8.4 7.6 75.8 84.1 65.9 70.6 6.9 8.1 29 40.2 50.7 10 932 7 805 15.2 11.5 8 492 5 901 11.8 8.7 49 411 38 647 68.8 56.9 16 405 26 020 22.8 38.3 11 458 21 428 16.0 31.6 51.4 69.5 3 632 496 1 086 985
Timor-Leste 1 361 1 807 49.0 49.2 1.42 24.3 3.0 33.3 25.9 6.5 67.7 71.1 59.8 62.0 29.5 36.5 204 20.9 29.9 466 432 34.2 23.9 303 303 22.3 16.8 825 1 245 60.6 68.9 99 200 7.3 11.1 70 130 5.2 7.2 31.3 43.7 8 399 39 588
Viet Nam 98 859 107 013 50.6 50.4 0.66 14.3 1.9 79.1 18.8 6.9 70.1 79.4 62.4 68.3 14.6 18.8 124 32.8 40.7 21 944 18 133 22.2 16.9 13 758 12 174 13.9 11.4 67 478 67 440 68.3 63.0 14 134 28 387 14.3 26.5 9 437 21 440 9.5 20.0 37.3 57.3 76 767 3 392 025

South and South-West Asia 2 113 395 2 571 776 48.9 49.5 1.06 17.6 2.2 .. .. 6.3 70.0 73.9 .. .. 28.0 34.6 .. 27.3 36.2 559 370 505 054 26.5 19.6 379 018 350 177 17.9 13.6 1 411 353 1 707 170 66.8 66.4 216 374 500 909 10.2 19.5 142 672 359 553 6.8 14.0 38.3 55.0 19 916 186 46 805 453

Afghanistan 42 240 74 075 49.5 50.0 2.67 34.5 4.4 28.3 26.8 6.3 61.2 67.4 54.7 53.2 37.7 48.9 620 17.0 23.7 18 098 23 205 42.8 31.3 9 121 14 204 21.6 19.2 23 130 47 791 54.8 64.5 1 627 4 904 3.9 6.6 1 012 3 079 2.4 4.2 26.0 41.2 144 098 5 853 838
Bangladesh 172 954 203 905 50.5 51.2 1.02 17.3 1.9 63.5 19.5 5.3 71.8 76.3 64.2 64.4 19.4 24.1 123 27.1 38.3 44 153 36 491 25.5 17.9 32 849 26 866 19.0 13.2 117 964 135 999 68.2 66.7 16 481 43 362 9.5 21.3 10 837 31 414 6.3 15.4 38.2 58.4 2 115 408 7 401 763
Bhutan 787 874 47.1 48.4 0.63 12.2 1.4 61.5 14.3 6.3 70.8 74.4 63.2 63.5 19.7 23.5 60 29.4 43.3 170 125 21.5 14.3 142 94 18.0 10.8 568 611 72.1 69.9 74 208 9.4 23.8 50 138 6.4 15.8 42.3 57.7 53 612 51 998
India 1 428 628 1 670 491 48.4 49.1 0.92 16.1 2.0 67.9 17.6 6.6 70.5 73.6 60.3 60.4 24.5 30.5 103 28.2 38.1 355 733 301 403 24.9 18.0 254 218 216 559 17.8 13.0 971 861 1 118 811 68.0 67.0 153 135 347 584 10.7 20.8 101 034 250 276 7.1 15.0 34.9 52.8 4 878 704 17 869 492
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 89 173 99 007 49.5 50.2 0.74 12.8 1.7 81.4 19.9 5.0 74.3 79.8 66.0 66.5 9.5 11.3 22 33.0 42.3 20 736 15 666 23.3 15.8 11 461 10 008 12.9 10.1 61 362 61 457 68.8 62.1 10 676 30 059 12.0 30.4 7 075 21 885 7.9 22.1 75.9 86.0 2 797 235 1 325 113
Maldives 521 570 42.7 44.7 -0.62 13.1 1.7 23.1 34.4 2.8 80.3 82.1 69.7 70.0 5.8 6.8 57 32.1 47.6 113 79 21.7 13.9 63 51 12.0 9.0 382 358 73.2 62.8 43 194 8.3 34.1 27 133 5.1 23.3 40.7 53.9 70 079 3 715
Nepal 30 897 37 401 52.1 52.3 1.12 19.8 2.0 54.4 27.1 6.6 68.9 72.7 60.6 62.1 19.2 23.1 174 24.4 34.8 8 819 7 404 28.5 19.8 6 373 5 381 20.6 14.4 20 171 26 004 65.3 69.5 2 819 5 777 9.1 15.4 1 907 3 994 6.2 10.7 20.6 37.4 487 564 2 599 701
Pakistan 240 486 367 808 49.6 50.0 1.96 26.9 3.3 39.4 26.5 6.6 65.1 69.7 56.9 56.8 51.3 62.4 154 20.6 27.3 86 921 100 995 36.1 27.5 48 646 63 551 20.2 17.3 143 111 243 127 59.5 66.1 16 479 36 572 6.9 9.9 10 453 23 687 4.3 6.4 37.2 52.2 3 276 580 6 328 400
Sri Lanka 21 894 21 815 51.9 51.8 0.27 13.6 2.0 67.7 19.6 7.4 73.1 80.4 65.1 69.0 5.3 6.3 29 33.0 40.3 4 907 3 821 22.4 17.5 3 393 2 668 15.5 12.2 14 377 13 305 65.7 61.0 3 761 5 882 17.2 27.0 2 609 4 690 11.9 21.5 18.7 31.6 40 254 1 960 025
Türkiye 85 816 95 829 49.9 50.1 0.53 14.1 1.9 71.4 31.2 5.2 75.6 81.7 67.8 69.0 7.5 8.8 17 31.8 41.1 19 720 15 865 23.0 16.6 12 752 10 793 14.9 11.3 58 428 59 708 68.1 62.3 11 281 26 368 13.1 27.5 7 668 20 256 8.9 21.1 76.1 86.0 6 052 652 3 411 408
Sources:
Indicators 1-5, 8-9, 11-12, 14-19: ESCAP calculations based on United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2022).
North and Central Asia 239 529 254 053 52.4 51.7 0.27 13.6 2.1 .. .. 10.1 69.0 77.8 .. .. 9.7 11.4 .. 34.9 37.5 53 545 49 236 22.4 19.4 28 828 30 358 12.0 11.9 156 399 158 141 65.3 62.2 43 495 64 256 18.2 25.3 29 586 46 676 12.4 18.4 65.3 73.7 17 722 898 21 575 390
World Population Prospects 2022, Online Edition. Armenia 2 778 2 573 55.0 53.8 0.02 11.4 1.6 59.8 39.7 9.4 71.2 80.4 64.9 69.1 9.1 10.3 27 35.2 43.9 566 377 20.4 14.7 318 257 11.5 10.0 1 831 1 635 65.9 63.5 577 784 20.8 30.5 381 561 13.7 21.8 63.3 74.3 190 349 958 190
Indicators 6, 7: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). Data Portal, custom data
Azerbaijan 10 413 10 867 50.6 50.6 0.50 11.6 1.7 57.2 46.9 6.6 70.7 76.4 62.1 65.2 16.0 18.3 41 32.5 41.1 2 387 1 678 22.9 15.4 1 402 1 178 13.5 10.8 7 233 7 170 69.5 66.0 1 365 2 854 13.1 26.3 793 2 020 7.6 18.6 56.4 71.0 252 228 1 163 922
acquired via https://population.un.org/DataPortal/.
Georgia 3 728 3 385 53.0 52.3 -0.39 12.8 2.1 47.3 31.1 14.0 67.6 77.2 61.4 67.9 8.2 9.1 28 36.6 39.5 795 596 21.3 17.6 424 392 11.4 11.6 2 384 2 072 63.9 61.2 790 952 21.2 28.1 550 716 14.7 21.1 59.5 73.2 79 368 861 077
Indicator 10: WHO, Global Health Observatory (2022). https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/
gho-ghe-hale-healthy-life-expectancy-at-birth. Kazakhstan 19 607 25 610 51.8 51.0 1.08 20.2 3.0 53.8 17.2 9.3 66.6 73.9 62.4 67.4 8.4 9.5 13 29.5 30.1 5 810 6 553 29.6 25.6 2 626 3 842 13.4 15.0 12 190 16 011 62.2 62.5 2 530 4 374 12.9 17.1 1 606 3 046 8.2 11.9 57.7 69.1 3 732 073 4 203 899
Indicator 13: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Kyrgyzstan 6 735 9 427 50.9 50.8 1.55 22.6 2.9 42.2 19.9 5.7 66.9 75.5 63.6 67.7 13.3 15.1 50 23.9 29.4 2 310 2 469 34.3 26.2 1 067 1 462 15.8 15.5 4 105 6 104 61.0 64.8 551 1 303 8.2 13.8 320 853 4.7 9.1 36.9 53.6 199 011 774 377
Population Division (2023). Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group
and the United Nations Population Division. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240068759. Russian Federation 144 444 133 133 53.6 52.8 -0.35 9.5 1.5 67.9 19.5 12.0 69.5 79.3 60.7 67.5 3.2 4.4 14 39.2 43.6 25 383 20 839 17.6 15.7 14 937 12 924 10.3 9.7 95 718 79 846 66.3 60.0 33 305 43 370 23.1 32.6 23 343 32 448 16.2 24.4 74.8 83.3 11 636 911 10 756 697
Indicator 20: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Tajikistan 10 144 15 201 49.7 49.7 1.86 25.3 3.1 33.1 24.1 4.7 69.3 73.7 60.9 63.2 22.7 26.5 17 21.8 27.6 3 659 4 234 36.1 27.9 1 794 2 499 17.7 16.4 6 115 9 796 60.3 64.4 652 1 826 6.4 12.0 370 1 171 3.6 7.7 27.5 43.0 276 031 586 851
Prospects: The 2018 Revision, Online Edition. https://population.un.org/wup/Download/. Turkmenistan 6 516 8 264 50.5 50.6 1.28 20.0 2.6 53.3 15.4 6.6 66.0 73.1 59.9 64.3 32.1 37.7 5 26.3 32.2 2 016 1 907 30.9 23.1 1 006 1 185 15.4 14.3 4 148 5 500 63.7 66.6 597 1 302 9.2 15.8 352 857 5.4 10.4 52.5 68.9 194 920 242 554
Indicator 21: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2020). International Migrant Stock Uzbekistan 35 164 45 593 50.0 50.2 1.49 21.5 2.8 70.1 12.3 6.0 69.1 74.4 63.5 65.8 12.1 13.7 30 27.0 31.5 10 618 10 582 30.2 23.2 5 254 6 620 14.9 14.5 22 674 30 007 64.5 65.8 3 127 7 490 8.9 16.4 1 872 5 004 5.3 11.0 50.4 61.5 1 162 007 2 027 823
2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock.

Technical notes:
Pacific 45 562 57 821 49.9 50.0 1.17 15.3 2.1 .. .. 6.7 77.0 81.8 .. .. 15.3 19.0 .. 32.7 38.1 10 336 10 829 22.7 18.7 6 466 7 244 14.2 12.5 29 224 36 269 64.1 62.7 8 190 13 921 18.0 24.1 6 002 10 723 13.2 18.5 68.3 72.1 9 377 375 1 956 176

1: Based on the population as of 1 January of the respective years. American Samoa 44 34 50.6 51.1 -0.84 16.7 2.2 .. .. 7.1 70.1 75.7 .. .. 6.9 9.6 .. 28.7 34.8 12 6 27.1 19.2 7 5 15.4 14.2 29 21 65.3 63.2 6 8 12.8 22.4 3 6 7.7 17.6 87.2 90.8 23 608 1 832
Healthy life expectancy at birth: Average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health" by taking into account Australia 26 439 32 193 50.3 50.2 0.99 11.4 1.6 66.9 13.5 6.9 81.9 85.6 70.2 71.7 2.7 3.3 3 37.5 43.6 4 754 4 840 18.0 15.0 3 193 3 375 12.1 10.5 17 129 19 695 64.8 61.2 6 059 9 694 22.9 30.1 4 557 7 658 17.2 23.8 86.2 91.0 7 685 860 598 765
years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury.
Cook Islands 17 18 52.4 52.7 0.14 15.9 2.2 56.6 25.5 8.5 71.6 79.2 .. .. 5.5 6.6 .. 33.4 36.1 4 3 23.6 19.2 2 2 14.5 13.5 11 11 64.3 61.5 3 4 18.1 23.9 2 3 12.1 19.2 75.5 82.8 4 579 21 106
Median age: Age that divides the population in two parts of equal size; that is, there are as many persons with ages above the
median as there are with ages below the median.
Fiji 936 1 094 49.9 50.1 0.71 18.8 2.4 50.9 23.0 8.3 66.6 70.4 58.5 60.7 17.4 21.1 38 27.2 32.5 265 245 28.3 22.4 157 163 16.8 14.9 614 738 65.6 67.4 93 165 10.0 15.1 57 112 6.1 10.2 57.2 69.9 14 087 233 856

Contraceptive prevalence: Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who are currently using any method of
French Polynesia 309 347 49.5 50.2 0.83 12.4 1.7 .. .. 3.8 81.5 86.1 .. .. 5.2 6.0 .. 34.0 44.5 64 51 20.8 14.7 46 36 14.8 10.5 212 209 68.6 60.2 49 110 15.9 31.8 33 87 10.6 25.1 62.0 69.9 30 081 2 157
contraception. Guam 173 196 49.7 49.9 0.68 16.3 2.5 65.9 20.5 6.6 75.1 82.2 .. .. 9.5 11.1 .. 30.1 35.8 45 41 25.8 20.8 27 27 15.6 13.9 107 119 61.9 60.7 30 44 17.6 22.7 21 36 12.3 18.5 94.9 96.8 80 472 2 213
Unmet need for family planning of women of reproductive age (15-49 years): Percentage of women of reproductive age Kiribati 134 189 51.2 50.2 1.69 26.1 3.2 32.0 28.4 6.2 65.9 69.6 50.5 54.9 36.4 45.8 76 22.2 27.3 48 52 35.9 27.8 23 32 17.3 16.8 80 122 60.2 64.7 9 22 6.5 11.6 5 14 3.9 7.6 55.6 70.6 3 126 5 103
(15-49 years) who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using a modern method of contraception.
Marshall Islands 42 51 49.0 49.7 1.01 18.2 2.6 49.7 17.5 8.0 63.6 67.3 .. .. 24.3 29.6 .. 25.5 31.9 13 12 32.0 23.4 7 8 16.0 14.7 27 34 63.3 66.0 3 8 7.9 15.6 2 5 4.8 10.6 77.8 85.7 3 298 10 886
International migrants: The midyear estimate of the number of people living in a country or area other than that in which they were
born. Where the number of foreign-born was not available, the estimate refers to the number of people living in a country other Micronesia (Federated States of) 115 135 49.8 50.0 0.93 20.7 2.6 .. .. 6.2 67.7 75.2 54.4 57.8 18.8 22.7 74 24.0 31.7 34 31 29.9 22.7 23 22 20.0 16.3 73 91 63.7 67.1 12 19 10.0 14.2 7 14 6.4 10.2 22.9 32.2 2 832 24 945
than that of their citizenship. Nauru 13 15 49.2 49.6 0.83 25.9 3.4 39.6 28.8 6.6 60.7 68.0 .. .. 15.1 18.7 .. 20.1 24.4 5 5 38.8 31.2 2 3 17.1 18.1 7 9 58.6 61.7 1 2 4.8 10.9 0 1 2.7 7.1 100.0 100.0 2 201 2 454
.. indicates "not available." New Caledonia 293 353 50.3 50.7 1.03 13.9 2.0 .. .. 5.4 77.8 84.7 .. .. 9.1 10.6 .. 33.9 40.8 64 60 21.9 16.9 42 41 14.5 11.6 195 215 66.7 60.9 48 99 16.3 28.1 33 78 11.4 22.2 71.5 81.1 73 141 5 839
0 indicates that the magnitude is not zero, but less than half of the unit employed. New Zealand 5 228 5 949 50.4 50.2 0.81 12.3 1.8 80.8 10.9 6.6 81.4 84.8 69.6 70.8 3.4 4.1 7 37.0 43.8 968 900 18.5 15.1 664 644 12.7 10.8 3 386 3 605 64.8 60.6 1 185 1 817 22.7 30.5 875 1 445 16.7 24.3 86.7 91.1 1 381 724 806 159
Some values have been rounded compared to the values from the original data listed under sources.
Niue 2 2 53.0 52.3 -0.10 14.0 2.4 .. .. 13.8 69.6 73.0 .. .. 18.9 22.8 .. 36.0 33.8 0 0 25.6 23.2 0 0 12.4 13.7 1 1 59.0 61.4 0 0 20.8 19.9 0 0 15.4 15.4 46.2 61.4 588 5 186
General notes: Northern Mariana Islands 50 50 46.3 47.2 0.46 12.2 2.1 .. .. 6.4 76.0 79.6 .. .. 5.8 7.1 .. 38.4 40.4 10 9 20.7 17.2 6 6 12.6 12.1 34 30 67.5 60.2 10 13 20.0 26.0 6 11 11.8 22.6 91.8 94.6 21 843 2 741
This publication does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Palau 18 17 48.2 50.2 -0.01 14.7 2.3 39.2 24.4 13.6 62.4 69.5 .. .. 14.3 16.9 .. 35.8 35.5 4 3 21.1 19.7 2 2 13.6 14.0 12 11 68.7 64.2 3 4 16.0 21.1 2 3 10.3 16.1 81.0 89.2 5 088 2 656
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
Papua New Guinea 10 330 14 910 48.5 49.5 1.80 24.6 3.1 38.9 30.9 6.5 63.5 69.3 56.2 58.1 33.2 41.6 192 22.2 28.7 3 502 3 869 33.9 25.9 1 998 2 475 19.3 16.6 6 488 9 949 62.8 66.7 589 1 685 5.7 11.3 340 1 093 3.3 7.3 13.3 24.0 31 068 4 810
boundaries.
Suggested citation: United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (2023). ESCAP Population Data
Samoa 226 320 49.0 49.1 1.46 26.6 3.8 21.3 43.3 5.4 70.3 75.5 61.8 62.5 14.7 17.6 59 20.6 24.7 85 99 37.5 31.0 40 57 17.9 17.9 129 194 57.2 60.7 19 36 8.3 11.2 12 27 5.3 8.3 17.9 21.5 4 021 135 732
Sheet 2023. Solomon Islands 740 1 225 49.0 49.6 2.19 28.9 3.9 32.4 23.1 4.9 69.4 72.5 56.5 59.1 15.2 18.1 122 19.5 24.4 288 384 38.9 31.4 142 219 19.1 17.9 427 762 57.6 62.2 41 116 5.6 9.5 26 79 3.5 6.4 24.7 37.3 2 520 4 270
For more information, please contact: Tonga 108 131 50.5 50.1 0.85 22.6 3.2 33.4 29.9 6.9 68.7 74.3 62.7 65.5 8.9 10.6 126 21.9 27.3 37 36 34.0 27.7 21 23 19.6 17.2 64 82 59.8 62.7 10 17 9.1 12.9 7 13 6.2 9.6 23.1 29.8 3 742 74 550
Social Development Division Tuvalu 11 13 48.8 49.7 0.70 22.8 3.1 26.6 30.5 10.1 61.3 69.6 .. .. 17.2 20.7 .. 25.0 27.0 4 4 31.7 27.9 2 2 16.6 17.1 7 9 61.6 64.5 1 2 11.4 11.8 1 1 6.7 7.6 64.0 77.6 239 3 670
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
Email: [email protected] Vanuatu 335 579 49.7 49.7 2.33 28.5 3.7 48.7 26.6 5.2 68.5 73.3 56.4 59.4 18.1 21.9 94 19.6 25.0 131 179 39.1 30.9 61 101 18.1 17.5 191 363 57.2 62.8 20 56 5.9 9.8 13 37 3.8 6.4 25.5 34.4 3 257 7 246
Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

Sources:
Indicators 1-5, 8-9, 11-12, 14-19: ESCAP calculations based on United Nations, Department of Economic and
Social Affairs (2022). World Population Prospects 2022, Online Edition.
Indicators 6, 7: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). Data
Portal, custom data acquired via https://population.un.org/DataPortal/.
Indicator 10: WHO, Global Health Observatory (2022). https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/
indicator-details/GHO/gho-ghe-hale-healthy-life-expectancy-at-birth.
Indicator 13: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs, Population Division (2023). Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: Estimates by
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. https://www.who.int/
publications/i/item/9789240068759.
Indicator 20: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World
Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision, Online Edition. https://population.un.org/wup/Download/.
Indicator 21: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2020).
International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-
migrant-stock.

Technical notes:
1: Based on the population as of 1 January of the respective years.
Healthy life expectancy at birth: Average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health" by
taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury.
Median age: Age that divides the population in two parts of equal size; that is, there are as many persons
with ages above the median as there are with ages below the median.
Contraceptive prevalence: Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who are currently using
any method of contraception.
Unmet need for family planning of women of reproductive age (15-49 years): Percentage of women of
reproductive age (15-49 years) who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using a modern method
of contraception.
International migrants: The midyear estimate of the number of people living in a country or area other than
that in which they were born. Where the number of foreign-born was not available, the estimate refers to the
number of people living in a country other than that of their citizenship.
.. indicates "not available."
0 indicates that the magnitude is not zero, but less than half of the unit employed.
Some values have been rounded compared to the values from the original data listed under sources.

General notes:
This publication does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of
the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Suggested citation: United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (2023). ESCAP
Population Data Sheet 2023.
For more information, please contact:
Social Development Division
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
Email: [email protected]
 Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

While the population in Asia and the

Pacific continues to grow, the overall
growth rate is declining significantly
Figure 1: Population size, by Asia-Pacific subregion, and annual
growth rate for Asia and the Pacific, 1950–2050

3.0 3.0

Growth rate of Asia and the Pacific

South and South-West Asia

2.5 2.5

2.0 2.0

1.5 1.5 East and North-East Asia

ANNUAL AVERAGE GROWTH RATE (PERCENTAGE)

1.0 1.0
NUMBER OF PEOPLE (BILLIONS)

South-East Asia

0.5 0.5

North and Central Asia

0.0 0.0 Pacific

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population
Prospects 2022, Online Edition.
 Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

Fertility rates are declining rapidly

across Asia and the Pacific, with
many countries’ rates falling below
replacement level
Figure 2: Total fertility rates, live births per woman aged 15–49,
by Asia‑Pacific country and subregion, 2013, 2023 and 2050
China
China, Hong Kong SAR
NORTH-EAST ASIA

China, Macao SAR

EAST AND

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Japan
Mongolia
Republic of Korea
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
SOUTH-EAST ASIA

Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
SOUTH-WEST ASIA

India
SOUTH AND

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Türkiye
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
CENTRAL ASIA

Kazakhstan
NORTH AND

Kyrgyzstan
Russian Federation
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
American Samoa
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
French Polynesia
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Nauru
PACIFIC

New Caledonia
New Zealand
Niue
Northern Mariana Islands
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2013 2023 2050 2.1 Replacement level

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population
Prospects 2022, Online Edition.
Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

Although progress has been made

in reducing maternal mortality across
Asia and the Pacific, some countries
are still far from reaching the
SDG target
Figure 3: Maternal mortality ratio, deaths per 100,000 live births,
by Asia‑Pacific country and subregion, 2000 and 2020

China
EAST AND NORTH-EAST ASIA

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Japan

Mongolia

Republic of Korea

Brunei Darussalam

Cambodia

Indonesia

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Malaysia
SOUTH-EAST ASIA

Myanmar

Philippines

Singapore

Thailand

Timor-Leste

Viet Nam

Afghanistan 1 346

Bangladesh

Bhutan
SOUTH AND SOUTH-WEST ASIA

India

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Maldives

Nepal

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Türkiye

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Georgia
NORTH AND CENTRAL ASIA

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Russian Federation

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Australia

Fiji

Kiribati

Micronesia (Federated States of)

New Zealand
PACIFIC

Papua New Guinea

Samoa

Solomon Islands

Tonga

Vanuatu

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1 000 1 500

2000 2020 70 SDG Target 3.1

Source: ESCAP Statistical Database, accessed on 6 May 2023; World Health Organization, Trends in Maternal
Mortality 2000 to 2020.
 Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

While women outlive men, the quality

of those additional years of life
is compromised due to health issues
Figure 4: Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy at age 60
(years), by sex and by Asia-Pacific country and subregion, 2019

16.9 6.2 23.1

China 15.0 4.2 19.2
EAST AND NORTH-EAST ASIA

15.8 4.9 20.8

Democratic People's Republic of Korea
13.6 3.2 16.8
21.9 6.7 28.6
Japan
18.8 5.1 24.0
14.2 4.4 18.5
Mongolia
11.0 3.2 14.2
21.2 6.7 27.9
Republic of Korea 18.2 5.2 23.4

14.7 4.7 19.4

Brunei Darussalam 14.3 4.7 19.0
14.1 5.0 19.1
Cambodia 12.0 4.0 15.9
14.0 5.1 19.1
Indonesia
12.7 4.1 16.7
14.0 4.9 18.9
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 12.5 3.8 16.4
15.3 5.3 20.6
Malaysia 14.0 4.5 18.5
SOUTH-EAST ASIA

14.6 5.0 19.6

Myanmar
12.4 3.8 16.2
14.6 5.0 19.6
Philippines 12.1 3.7 15.8
21.1 6.2 27.2
Singapore
18.8 5.0 23.8
18.8 6.0 24.8
Thailand 17.0 5.1 22.1
13.8 5.0 18.9
Timor-Leste 12.5 4.4 16.9
16.4 5.6 22.0
Viet Nam 12.9 4.0 16.9

10.6 4.5 15.1

Afghanistan 11.2 4.2 15.4
15.7 5.9 21.5
Bangladesh 15.4 4.9 20.3
14.7 5.3 20.0
Bhutan 14.3 4.6 18.9
SOUTH AND SOUTH-WEST ASIA

13.5 6.1 19.5

India 13.0 5.1 18.1
15.8 6.7 22.5
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 15.6 5.6 21.2
17.2 5.8 23.1
Maldives 16.4 5.0 21.4
13.8 5.3 19.2
Nepal 12.7 4.1 16.8
12.6 5.1 17.8
Pakistan
12.5 4.3 16.8
16.6 6.0 22.6
Sri Lanka
13.8 4.8 18.6
17.3 5.9 23.2
Türkiye
15.8 4.8 20.6

16.9 5.2 22.2

Armenia 14.3 4.0 18.2
14.2 4.1 18.3
Azerbaijan
12.4 3.2 15.7
16.1 5.0 21.0
Georgia
12.4 3.6 16.1
NORTH AND CENTRAL ASIA

16.2 5.3 21.4

Kazakhstan
13.0 3.8 16.8
16.8 4.9 21.7
Kyrgyzstan
14.2 3.6 17.8
16.7 5.5 22.2
Russian Federation
12.8 4.0 16.8
13.4 3.8 17.2
Tajikistan
12.1 3.0 15.1
15.7 4.5 20.1
Turkmenistan
13.6 3.5 17.1
15.3 4.5 19.8
Uzbekistan
13.7 3.7 17.3

19.7 7.1 26.8

Australia
18.3 6.1 24.4
12.6 4.9 17.5
Fiji
11.1 3.8 14.9
11.0 3.7 14.6
Kiribati
9.5 3.0 12.5
11.6 4.0 15.6
Micronesia (Federated States of)
10.7 3.1 13.8
19.2 6.7 25.8
New Zealand
PACIFIC

17.9 5.8 23.8

12.8 4.8 17.6
Papua New Guinea
11.7 3.6 15.4
13.5 4.8 18.3
Samoa
13.3 4.0 17.4
12.2 4.1 16.3
Solomon Islands
11.4 3.3 14.7
15.7 5.4 21.2
Tonga
13.3 3.8 17.0
12.4 4.3 16.7
Vanuatu
11.5 3.3 14.8

YEARS 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Female Male HALE LE-HALE LE

Healthy life expectancy at 60 Life expectancy at 60

Source: ESCAP calculations based on World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory data repository, online,
accessed on 1 September 2023. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/?theme=main.
Note: In rounding the above figures to one decimal place, certain small discrepancies exist between sums (HALE + LE-
HALE) and total values (LE).
Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

Fertility and mortality rates are

declining, resulting in changing
population age structures in Asia
and the Pacific
Figure 5: Age and sex distribution of the total population in Asia
and the Pacific, 1950, 2023 and 2050
100+
95-99
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
AGE

0-4

PERCENTAGE 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Males 1950 Males 2023 Males 2050

Females 1950 Females 2023 Females 2050

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population
Prospects 2022, Online Edition.
Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

While the youth population aged

15–24 is shrinking, the population
aged 60 or over is expanding rapidly
Figure 6: Youth population (15–24) and older adult population
(60+), by Asia-Pacific subregion, 2013, 2023 and 2050

1 340
1 400
14
64
1 200

1 000 501

733
800 705 697
6 606
6 8
33 173
600 505 29 43 7
NUMBER OF PEOPLE (MILLIONS)

360 216 30
6 379
400 35
152 86 350

109 59 588
108
200
344 103
225 254
183
115
0
15-24 60+ 15-24 60+ 15-24 60+
2013 2023 2050

East and North-East Asia South-East Asia South and South-West Asia

North and Central Asia Pacific Asia and the Pacific

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population
Prospects 2022, Online Edition.
 Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

The number of older persons (60+)

is growing in all subregions in Asia
and the Pacific
Figure 7: Number of people aged 60 years or over in Asia and
the Pacific and by subregion, 1950–2100

1 599
1 800

1 600
1 340 76

1 400
14
64 22
1 200
886
840
1 000 501
697
10
48
800
505
8 276 173
43
600
NUMBER OF PEOPLE (MILLIONS)

216 242
260 35 6 110
400 152 86
100
59 588
1 3
200 442 418
10 78 29 344
29 254
29
122
0 8 52

1950 1990 2013 2023 2030 2050 2100

East and North-East Asia South-East Asia South and South-West Asia

North and Central Asia 52 Pacific Asia and the Pacific

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population
Prospects 2022, Online Edition.
Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

The oldest-old population (80+)

is growing at an accelerated pace,
albeit with variations in growth rates
across Asia-Pacific subregions
Figure 8: Oldest-old population (80+) in Asia and the Pacific,
and by subregion, 2013, 2023 and 2050

Asia and the Pacific East and North-East Asia South-East Asia

2050
2023
2013

2013 63.8 m. 19.1% 2013 36.4 m. 21.3% 2013 6.5 m. 17.0%

2023 89.4 m. 18.3% 2023 52.0 m. 20.4% 2023 9.0 m. 16.0%
2050 286.9 m. 28.5% 2050 162.0 m. 35.1% 2050 30.7 m. 23.9%

South and South-West Asia North and Central Asia Pacific

2013 14.6 m. 15.0% 2013 5.2 m. 22.5% 2013 1.1 m. 25.0%

2023 21.0 m. 14.7% 2023 5.9 m. 20.0% 2023 1.5 m. 24.2%
2050 78.6 m. 21.9% 2050 11.9 m. 25.5% 2050 3.6 m. 34.0%

Source: ESCAP calculations based on United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population
Division (2022). World Population Prospects 2022, Online Edition.
 Population and development in Asia and the Pacific, 2023

The number of immigrants to and

emigrants from Asia and the Pacific
is on the rise
Figure 9a: Immigrants (migrant stock) in Asia and the Pacific,
by subregion, 1990–2020
66.6
25 61.9 70

55.7
51.7 51.7 60
50.2
20 48.9

50

15
40

NUMBER OF PEOPLE (MILLIONS)

NUMBER OF PEOPLE (MILLIONS)

30
10

20
5
10

0 0

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Figure 9b: Emigrants (migrant stock) from Asia and the Pacific,
by subregion, 1990–2020
50 108.7 120

45 99.6
89.4 100
40

35 76.4
70.6 80
65.5 65.9
30

25 60
NUMBER OF PEOPLE (MILLIONS)
NUMBER OF PEOPLE (MILLIONS)

20
40
15

10
20
5

0 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

East and North-East Asia South-East Asia South and South-West Asia

North and Central Asia Pacific Asia and the Pacific

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2020). International
Migrant Stock 2020.