THE ASIAN SCHOOL, KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN

MATHEMATICS
GRADE – 8
Chapter – 4
DATA HANDLING
Data: Facts or figures collected with the definite purpose is called Data.
Raw Data: It is a collection of initial observation without being organized.
Arrayed Data: It is a data which is organized in a definite manner.
Data can be represented graphically by using in the form of graphs, pie charts etc.
Bar Graph: Display of information using bars of uniform width, heights being proportional to the
respective values.
Double Bar Graph: It is the bar graph showing two sets of data simultaneously. It is useful for
the comparison of data.

Circle Graph or Pie Chart

 Data can be represented using a circle diagram.
 A circle graph shows the relationship between whole and its parts.
 The whole circle is divided into sectors.
 The size of each sector is proportional to the activity or information.

Central Angle
It is the angle formed by two arms and having the vertex at the centre of a circle. The two arms
form two radii of the circle intersecting the arc of the circle at different points.

Exercise 5.1.
1. A survey was made to find the type of music that a certain group of young people liked in a
city. This pie chart shows the findings of this survey from this pie chart answer the following.
 (i) If 20 people liked classical music, how many young people were surveyed? (ii)
Which type of music is liked by the maximum number of people?
(ii) Which type of music is liked by the maximum number of people?
(iii) If a cassette company were to make 1000 CDs. How many of each type would they
make?

Solution:
(i) Number of young people who liked classical music = 20
Percentage of people liked classical music = 10 %
Let x be the number of people surveyed
Then 10% of x = 20
10
×x = 20
100
10
X = 20 ÷100
100
= 20 × 10
= 200
Therefore 200 people were surveyed.
Type equation here.
(ii) Light music liked by the maximum number of people.
(iii) Total number of CD s cassette company were to make = 100
Then number of CD s for classical music = 10% of 1000
= 10/100 ×1000
= 100
Number of CD s for folk = 30% of 1000
= 30/100 ×1000.
= 300
Number of CDs for semi classical = 20 % of 1000
= 20/100 ×1000
= 200
Number of CDs for light music = 40% of 1000
= 40/100 ×1000
= 400
2. A group of 360 people were asked to vote for their favorite season from the three seasons
rainy, winter and summer.

(i) Which season got the most votes?

(ii) Find the central angle of each sector.
(iii) Draw a pie chart to show this information.
Solution:
(i) Winter season got the most votes, i.e. 150 .

(iii) Draw pie chart in the notebook

3. Draw a pie chart showing the following information. The table shows the colours preferred by
a group of people.

Solution:

Draw pie chart in the notebook

4. The following pie chart gives the marks scored in an examination by a student in Hindi,
English, Mathematics, Social Science and Science. If the total marks obtained by the students
were 540, answer the following questions .

(i) In which subject did the student score 105 marks?

(ii) How many more marks were obtained by the student in Mathematics than in Hindi?

(ii) Examine whether the sum of the marks obtained in Social Science and
Mathematics is more than that in Science and Hindi.
Solution:
MARKS OBTAINED
90/360 × 540 = 135
55/360 × 540 = 82.5
70/360 ×540 = 105

80/360×540 = 120
65/360 ×540 = 97.5

(i) In Hindi the student scored 105 marks

(ii) Marks obtained in Mathematics = 135
Marks obtained in Hindi = 105
Difference = 135 – 105
= 30
Therefore 30 marks were obtained by the student in Mathematics than Hindi.
(iii) Marks obtained in Social Science = 97.5
Marks obtained in Mathematics = 135
The sum of the marks obtained in Social Science and in Mathematics = 97.5+135
= 232.5 marks
Marks obtained in Science = 120
Marks obtained in Hindi = 105
The sum of the marks obtained in Science and in Hindi = 120 + 105
= 225 marks
Yes, the sum of the marks obtained in Social Science and in Mathematics
is more than that in Science and Hindi.
5. The number of students in a hostel, speaking different languages is given below. Display the data in a
pie chart.

Draw pie chart in the notebook

Chance and Probability

Chance: It is the possibility of something happening.
Outcome: The result coming out of the activity or an experiment are called outcomes.
Random experiment: It is a trial whose outcomes cannot be predicted in advance.
Eg. Tossing a coin, rolling a die
Event: Each outcome of an experiment or a collection of outcomes make an event.
Eg: While rolling a die
Collection of odd numbers E= (1,3,5)

Probability: It denotes the possibility of outcomes of any random event.

𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability of an event = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Eg: The probability of getting a prime number when a die is rolled.

Total number of outcomes = 6 ie (1,2,3,4,5,6)
Event of getting a prime number = (2,3,5)
No. of outcomes = 3
Probability = 3/6 =1/2
Exercise 5.2
1. List the outcomes you can see in these experiments. (a) Spinning a wheel (b) Tossing two coins
together

(a) Spinning a wheel

On spinning the wheel, we can get the following outcomes B, C, D, E and A.

(b) Tossing two coins together

When two coins are tossed together, we get the following outcomes
(H,H), (H,T), (T,H), (T,T)
2. When a die is thrown, list the outcomes of an event of getting and find the probabilities of the events.

(ii) (a) a prime number

Required outcomes = 2, 3 and 5
No. of outcomes = 3
Total no. of outcomes = 6
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability of an event = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

=3/6 = 1/2
(b) not a prime number.
 Required outcomes = 1, 4, 6.
No. of outcomes = 3
Total no. of outcomes = 6
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

=3/6 = 1/2

(a) a number greater than 5

Required outcome = 6
No. of outcomes = 1
Total no. of outcomes = 6
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

=1/6

(b) a number not greater than 5

Required outcomes = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
No. of outcomes = 5
Total no. of outcomes = 6
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

=5/6
3.Find the. (a) Probability of the pointer stopping on D in (Question 1-(a))?

No. of outcomes = 1
Total no. of outcomes = 5
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

=1//5

(b) Probability of getting an ace from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards?

No. of aces = 4
Total no. of cards = 52
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability of an event = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

= 4/52 = 1/13
(c) Probability of getting a red apple. (See figure below)

Total number of apples = 7

Number of red apples = 4
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

= 4/7
4.Numbers 1 to 10 are written on ten separate slips (one number on one slip), kept in a box and mixed
well. One slip is chosen from the box without looking into it. What is the probability of?

(i) getting a number 6?

𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

= 1/10

(ii). getting a number less than 6? (iii) getting a number greater than 6? (iv) getting a 1-digit number?

Probability of getting a number less than 6

𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

= 5/10 = 1/2 [∵ Numbers less than 6 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

(iii). getting a number greater than 6?
Probability of getting a number greater than 6
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

= 4/10 = 2/5 [∵ Number greater than 6 are 7, 8, 9, 10]

(iv). getting a 1-digit number?
 Probability of getting a 1-digit number =
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Probability = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

= 9/10
[∵ 1-digit numbers are 9, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
5. If you have a spinning wheel with 3 green sectors, 1 blue sector and 1 red sector, what is the
probability of getting a green sector? What is the probability of getting a non-blue sector?

Total number of sectors are = 3 green + 1 blue + 1 red = 5 sectors

Probability of getting a green sector

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

= 3/5

Number of non-blue sectors are = 3 green + 1 red = 4 sectors

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑛−𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠
Probability of getting non-blue sector = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

= 4/5

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