A Project Report On

“HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

SUBMITTED TO THE MUMBAI UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE SE SEM III

BATCHELOR OF ENGINEERING (AIML)

BY

MR. PRAYANK YADAV

MR. PIYUSH SINGH
Supervisor:
PROF. YASHIKA VADNERKAR

YADAVRAOTASGAONKARINSTITUTEOF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Affiliated to
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR:2024-25
 YADAVRAOTASGAONKARINSTITUTEOF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHIVPURIRD.KARJAT(M.S.)

——————————————————————————————————————
DEPARTMENT OF AIML ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI PROJECT WORK
DETAIL

Name of Student Mr. Prayank Yadav

Name of Student Mr. Piyush Singh
Name of Student
Course S.E (AIML)
YEAR 2024-25
HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PROJECT TITLE
Name of Guide Prof. Yashika Vadnerkar
 YADAVRAOTASGAONKARINSTITUTEOF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHIVPURIRD.KARJAT(M.S.)
——————————————————————————–
DEPARTMENT OF AIML
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the SE Project entitled

“HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

submitted by
Mr. Prayank Yadav
Mr. Piyush Singh

does He/she carry out a bonafide work under the supervision of Prof.
Yashika Vadnerkar. and it is submitted towards the fulfilment of the
requirement of the University of Mumbai for the award of the degree of
Batchlor of Engineering in AIML ENGINEERING S.E. SEM-III for academic
year 2024 - 2025

Prof. Harish Barapatre Prof. Yashika Vadnerkar

Supervisor Project Coordinator

Prof. Harish Barapatre DR. NILESH M. PAWAR

Head of Department Principal, YTIET

Date:
Place:
 YADAVRAOTASGAONKARINSTITUTEOF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHIVPURIRD.KARJAT(M.S.)
——————————————————————————–
DEPARTMENT OF AIML ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that the project SE Project entitled

“HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”

submitted by
Mr. Prayank Yadav
Mr. Piyush Singh

is approved for the degree of Batchelor of Engineering in AIML Engineering

SEM-III for academic year 2024 - 2025.

Prof. Yashika Vadnerkar Name And Sign of

Supervisor Examinar

Prof. Yashika Vadnerkar Name And Sign of

Head of Department Examinar

Date:
Place:
 YADAVRAO TASGAONKAR INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHIVPURI RD. KARJAT(M.S.)
——————————————————————————–
DEPARTMENT OF AIML ENGINEERING

DECLARATION BY STUDENT

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where others ideas or words have been included. I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any violation
of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke
penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from
whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

Place : Bhivpuri Rd. Karjat Mr. Prayank Yadav

Date :

Mr. Piyush Singh

 Abstract

.
The Hospital Management System (HMS) is a comprehensive software
application designed to streamline and enhance the efficiency of hospital
operations. This project aims to develop an integrated platform that
facilitates the management of various hospital activities, including patient
registration, appointment scheduling, billing, and medical records
management. By leveraging modern technologies such as database
management and web development, the system enables healthcare
providers to access and manage patient information securely and
efficiently.
The HMS offers features such as real-time tracking of patient status,
automated appointment reminders, and a user-friendly interface for both
staff and patients. The implementation of this system aims to reduce
administrative burdens, minimize errors, and improve the overall patient
experience.
Through the use of data analytics, the system also provides valuable
insights into hospital performance, helping administrators make informed
decisions to optimize resource allocation. The project demonstrates the
potential of technology to transform healthcare delivery, ultimately leading
to improved patient outcomes and operational efficiency.
 Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. EXISTING SYSTEM AND DIS-ADVANTAGES 4

3. LITERATURE SURVEY 5
3.1. Comparative Analysis................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4. PROBLEM DEFINATION 6

5. PROPOSED SYSTEM 7
5.1 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

6. METHODOLOGY 8
6.1 PROPOSED ALGORITHUM ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7. System Design 9
9
7.1 UML diagram-class diagram and sequence DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
8. APPLICATION 10

9. Summary 11

10. References 12

7
 List of Figures

Introduction to Hospital Management Systems

Overview of the system's purpose and benefits.
System Overview
Description of the main functionalities and modules.
User Roles and Permissions
Summary of different user roles (e.g., admin, doctor, nurse,
patient) and their permissions.
Modules Description
Brief descriptions of key modules (e.g., patient registration,
appointment scheduling, billing, pharmacy).
Technology Stack
List of technologies and frameworks used in the
development of the system.
Implementation Plan
Overview of the implementation phases and timelines.
Testing Strategy
Summary of the testing methods and types used for the
system.
User Training and Support
Outline of user training sessions and support resources
available.
Future Enhancements
List of potential future features and improvements.
Conclusion
Summary of the project’s impact and value to the hospital.
8
 List Of Tables

1. Table of User Roles

Describes different user roles and their permissions.
2. Table of Modules
Lists the main modules of the system along with their functionalities.
3. Table of Patient Information
Contains fields like Patient ID, Name, Date of Birth, and Contact Details.
4. Table of Appointments
Details appointment ID, Patient ID, Doctor ID, Date, Time, and Status.
5. Table of Medical Records
Includes fields such as Record ID, Patient ID, Diagnosis, Treatment, and
Date of Visit.
6. Table of Billing Information
Lists billing ID, Patient ID, Services Rendered, Amount, and Payment
Status.
7. Table of Staff Information
Contains details on staff members like Staff ID, Name, Role, and
Department.
8. Table of Inventory
Lists items in the pharmacy or medical supply inventory, including Item
ID, Name, Quantity, and Expiration Date.
9. Table of Feedback and Reviews
Contains patient feedback, including Feedback ID, Patient ID,
Comments, and Rating.
10. Table of System Logs
Records system activity, including Log ID, User ID, Action, and
Timestamp.

9
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview

Overview of Hospital Management System (HMS)

A Hospital Management System (HMS) is an integrated software application designed to streamline and

automate various administrative, financial, and clinical functions in a healthcare facility. The primary goal of an

HMS is to improve the efficiency of hospital operations, enhance patient care, and facilitate communication

among healthcare providers.

Benefits

Increased Efficiency: Automating routine tasks reduces manual work, allowing staff to focus on patient care.

Improved Patient Care: Quick access to patient records and streamlined processes lead to better clinical

outcomes.

Enhanced Data Management: Centralized data storage ensures easy retrieval and better security of patient

information.

1.2OBJECTIVES
Streamline Operations
Automate administrative tasks to enhance efficiency and reduce manual errors in processes such as patient
registration, appointment scheduling, and billing.
Improve Patient Care
Ensure quick access to patient records and medical histories, enabling healthcare providers to make informed
decisions and deliver timely care.
Enhance Communication
Facilitate seamless communication among healthcare staff, departments, and patients to improve
collaboration and patient satisfaction.
Efficient Resource Management
Monitor and manage hospital resources, including staff, medical supplies, and equipment, to optimize
utilization and reduce waste.
Accurate Billing and Financial Management
Automate billing processes, manage insurance claims efficiently, and provide transparent financial reporting to
enhance revenue cycle management.
Data Security and Compliance
Ensure the security of sensitive patient data and compliance with healthcare regulations (e.g., HIPAA) to
protect patient privacy.
Comprehensive Reporting and Analytics
Generate detailed reports on various metrics (e.g., patient admissions, financial performance) to support
informed decision-making and strategic planning.
Patient Engagement and Satisfaction
Improve patient engagement through features like appointment reminders, feedback mechanisms, and
online access to medical records, ultimately enhancing patient satisfaction.
 1.3 Challenges

Challenges of a Hospital Management System (HMS)

1. Integration with Existing Systems
Difficulty in integrating the HMS with existing software
solutions (e.g., legacy systems, third-party applications) can
lead to data silos and operational inefficiencies.
2. Data Security and Privacy Concerns
Ensuring the security of sensitive patient data is critical.
Cybersecurity threats and compliance with regulations (e.g.,
HIPAA) pose significant challenges.
3. User Resistance and Training
Staff may resist adopting new technologies due to lack of
familiarity or perceived complexity. Comprehensive training
programs are essential to overcome this barrier.
4. Cost of Implementation
High initial costs for software acquisition, hardware, and
training can be a barrier for some healthcare facilities,
especially smaller ones.

YTIET, Department of Computer Engineering 2024-25

 1.4 Scope

1. Patient Registration and Management

Capture and maintain detailed patient information, including
demographics, medical history, and insurance details.
Manage patient appointments and scheduling.
2. Appointment Scheduling
Allow patients to book, modify, and cancel appointments
online.
Enable staff to manage doctor availability and optimize
scheduling.
3. Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Management
Store and manage patient medical records, including
diagnoses, treatment plans, and lab results.
Facilitate easy access for authorized healthcare providers.
4. Billing and Financial Management
Handle patient billing, invoicing, and payment processing.
Manage insurance claims and track payment status.
5. Inventory Management
Monitor and manage medical supplies, pharmaceuticals, and
equipment.
Generate alerts for low stock and track expiration dates.

YTIET, Department of Computer Engineering 2024-25

 CHAPTER 2 EXISTING SYSTEM AND
DIS-ADVANTAGES

Existing Systems in Hospital Management

1. Legacy Systems
Older software platforms that may be outdated and not
integrated with modern technologies.
2. Modular Systems
Systems that consist of separate modules for different
functions (e.g., billing, patient management) that may not
work seamlessly together.
3. Cloud-Based Solutions
Modern systems that are hosted on the cloud, offering
flexibility and remote access but sometimes lacking in
customization for specific needs.
4. Custom-Built Solutions
Tailored systems developed specifically for a hospital's need
which can be costly and time-consuming to maintain.

Disadvantages of Existing Hospital Management Systems

1. Lack of Integration
Many existing systems do not integrate well with other
healthcare applications, leading to data silos and
inefficiencies.
2. User Unfriendliness
Older systems often have outdated interfaces that are not
intuitive, making them difficult for staff to use effectively.
3. High Maintenance Costs
Legacy systems can incur high maintenance costs due to
outdated technology and the need for specialized support
4. Limited Functionality
Some systems may lack comprehensive features, forcing
hospitals to use multiple platforms, which can complicate
workflows.
 CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1 Comparative analysis

1. Overview
Legacy Systems: Older systems, often outdated.
Cloud-Based Systems: Modern solutions hosted on the cloud.
Custom-Built Solutions: Tailored software for specific needs.
2. Cost
Legacy Systems: High maintenance costs; lower initial setup
costs.
Cloud-Based Systems: Subscription-based; lower initial costs but
ongoing fees.
Custom-Built Solutions: High initial development costs;
maintenance varies.
3. Integration
Legacy Systems: Difficult integration; may create data silos.
Cloud-Based Systems: Generally easy integration with other
services.
Custom-Built Solutions: Can be designed for seamless
connectivity.
4. Usability
Legacy Systems: Outdated interfaces; requires extensive
training.
Cloud-Based Systems: User-friendly with modern interfaces;
includes training.
Custom-Built Solutions: Usability depends on design; can be
tailored.
5. Scalability
Legacy Systems: Limited scalability; costly to add features.
Cloud-Based Systems: Highly scalable; easy to accommodate
growth.
Custom-Built Solutions: Scalability depends on design; can be
customized.
 CHAPTER 4 PROBLEM DEFINATION

1. Inefficient Patient Management

Problem: Manual processes for patient registration, appointment scheduling, and

record keeping can lead to errors, delays, and patient dissatisfaction.

Impact: Increased waiting times, reduced patient throughput, and compromised

quality of care.

2. Data Fragmentation

Problem: Existing systems may not integrate well, resulting in fragmented data

across departments (e.g., billing, clinical records).

Impact: Difficulty in accessing comprehensive patient information, leading to

uninformed clinical decisions.

3. High Operational Costs

Problem: Legacy systems incur high maintenance costs, and manual processes

require significant labor resources.

Impact: Increased operational costs that could be reduced through automation

and improved workflows.

4. Limited Access to Real-Time Data

Problem: Many existing systems do not provide real-time access to critical data

for healthcare providers.

Impact: Delayed decision-making and inability to respond quickly to patient

needs or emergencies.

5. Challenges in Compliance and Security

Problem: Ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations (e.g., HIPAA) and

protecting sensitive patient information are often inadequate in existing systems.

Impact: Increased risk of data breaches and potential legal consequences.

 CHAPTER 5

PROPOSED SYSTEM

5.1 System Architecture

1. User Interface Layer

Web and Mobile Applications: Interfaces for different users (administrators, doctors,
nurses, patients) to interact with the system.
Patient Portal: Allows patients to access their medical records, schedule
appointments, and communicate with healthcare providers.

2. Application Layer
Core Modules:
Patient Management: Handles patient registration, appointments, and medical
history.
Billing and Financial Management: Manages invoicing, insurance claims, and
payment processing.
Electronic Medical Records (EMR): Stores and manages patient health records
and treatment histories.
Inventory Management: Tracks medical supplies and pharmaceuticals.
Staff Management: Maintains staff records, schedules, and performance metrics.
Reporting and Analytics: Generates reports for operational and financial insights.
Business Logic: Implements the rules and workflows for each module.

3. Data Access Layer

Database Management System (DBMS): Centralized database that stores all system
data, including patient records, billing information, and inventory data.
Data Access Objects (DAOs): Interfaces that facilitate communication between the
application layer and the database.
 CHAPTER 6

METHODOLOGY

6.1 PROPOSED ALGORITHUM

Proposed Algorithm for Hospital Management System (HMS)

Here’s a proposed algorithm to streamline the patient appointment scheduling process
within a Hospital Management System. This algorithm encompasses the main steps
from patient registration to appointment confirmation, ensuring efficiency and
accuracy.

Algorithm: Patient Appointment Scheduling

1. Start
2. Patient Registration
Input: Patient details (Name, Date of Birth, Contact Information, Insurance Info).
If patient exists:
Retrieve existing patient data.
Else:
Store new patient data in the database.
3. Display Available Doctors
Retrieve a list of doctors based on specialty.
Display available doctors to the patient.
4. Select Doctor
Input: Patient selects a doctor.
5. Check Availability
Retrieve doctor's schedule for the selected date.
If no slots available:
Display message: "No available slots. Please choose another date."
Go to step 3 (Display Available Doctors).
Else:
Display available time slots for the selected date.
6. Select Appointment Slot
Input: Patient selects a time slot.
7. Confirm Appointment
Store appointment details in the database (Patient ID, Doctor ID, Date, Time,
Status).
Send confirmation to the patient (via SMS/email).
Display message: "Appointment confirmed. Details have been sent to your
contact."
8. Update Doctor's Schedule
Mark the selected time slot as booked in the doctor's schedule.
9. End
 CHAPTER 7

SYSTEM DESIGN
UML diagram-class diagram and sequence DFD

1. Requirements Gathering
Functional Requirements:
Patient registration and management
Appointment scheduling
Doctor and staff management
Billing and invoicing
Medical record management
Reporting and analytics
Inventory management (medications, supplies)
User roles (admin, doctors, nurses, receptionists)
Non-Functional Requirements:
Security (data privacy, user authentication)
Scalability (handle increasing number of patients)
Performance (fast response times)
Usability (intuitive UI/UX)
2. System Architecture
Client-Server Architecture:
Frontend: Web-based interface for users (HTML, CSS, JavaScript frameworks
like React or Angular)
Backend: RESTful API (Node.js, Django, Spring Boot, etc.)
Database: Relational (PostgreSQL, MySQL) or NoSQL (MongoDB) for storing
data.
Components:
User Interface (UI): For patients, doctors, and administrative staff.
Application Logic Layer: Handles business logic and data processing.
Database Layer: Persistent storage of data.
3. Database Design
Entities and Relationships:
Patient: PatientID, Name, DOB, ContactInfo, MedicalHistory
Doctor: DoctorID, Name, Specialization, Availability
Appointment: AppointmentID, PatientID, DoctorID, DateTime, Status
Billing: BillID, PatientID, Amount, PaymentStatus
MedicalRecord: RecordID, PatientID, DoctorID, Diagnosis, Treatment
Inventory: ItemID, Name, Quantity, ExpirationDate
ER Diagram:
Create an ER diagram to visualize the relationships between entities.
4.Key Features
Patient Registration:
Allow patients to register and update their profiles.
Appointment Management:
Schedule, reschedule, and cancel appointments.
Medical Records:
Store and manage patients’ medical history and treatment details.
Billing System:
Generate bills and manage payment records.
Reporting Tools:
Generate reports for patient visits, revenue, etc.
User Management:
Role-based access control for security.
5. Security Considerations
Implement authentication (JWT, OAuth).
Use encryption for sensitive data (e.g., SSL/TLS).
Regular security audits and compliance with healthcare regulations
(e.g., HIPAA).
6. Deployment
Hosting: Cloud-based solutions (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) for
scalability.
Monitoring: Use monitoring tools (e.g., Prometheus, Grafana) for
performance tracking.
7. Testing and Maintenance
Testing: Unit tests, integration tests, and user acceptance testing.
Maintenance: Regular updates and backups.
8. Future Enhancements
Telemedicine features.
Mobile application for better accessibility.
Integration with wearable devices for health monitoring.
 CHAPTER 8

APPLICATION

1. Application Structure

a. Frontend

Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript (React, Angular, or Vue.js)

Key Pages/Components:

Login/Registration Page: For patients and staff.

Dashboard: Overview for users (patients, doctors, admins).

Patient Management:

Patient registration and profile management.

Medical history and records view.

Appointment Management:

Schedule, view, and manage appointments.

Billing:

View and pay bills, download invoices.

Inventory Management:

View available medical supplies and medications.

Reports and Analytics: Visualizations of patient visits, revenue, etc.

b. Backend

Technologies: Node.js, Django, or Spring Boot

Key Modules:

User Authentication: JWT or OAuth for secure login.

Patient Management Module: CRUD operations for patient data.

Appointment Scheduling Module: Logic to manage appointments.

Billing Module: Handle invoices, payments, and billing history.

Medical Records Module: Store and retrieve medical records securely.

Inventory Module: Track medical supplies and stock levels.

c. Database

Technologies: PostgreSQL or MySQL

Schema: Defined based on the entities (Patient, Doctor, Appointment, Billing, etc.)
2. User Roles and Interfaces

a. Patient Interface

Registration/Login: Create and manage accounts.

Profile Management: Update personal and medical information.

Appointment Booking: View available slots and book appointments.

Billing: View and pay bills.

Medical Records: Access their medical history and treatment notes.

b. Doctor Interface

Dashboard: Overview of daily appointments and patient lists.

Patient Management: Access and update patient records.

Appointment Management: Confirm or reschedule appointments.

Reporting: Generate reports on treatments and patient outcomes.

c. Admin Interface

User Management: Manage roles and permissions for staff.

Reports: Generate comprehensive reports on operations.

Inventory Management: Monitor and manage medical supplies.

3. Core Features

a. Patient Management

Easy registration with verification (email/SMS).

Profile updates and medical history tracking.

b. Appointment Scheduling

Calendar view for doctors.

Notifications for upcoming appointments (email/SMS).

c. Billing System

Generate detailed invoices.

Support multiple payment methods (credit card, insurance).

d. Medical Records Management

Secure storage of patient records.

Access control based on user roles.

e. Inventory Management

Track stock levels and expiration dates.

Alerts for low stock or expired items.

 CHAPTER 9 SUMMARY

A Hospital Management System (HMS) is a comprehensive software solution

designed to streamline the various administrative, financial, and clinical

processes within healthcare facilities. It encompasses several key

components, including patient management, which allows for efficient

registration, profile management, and secure access to medical histories.

Appointment scheduling features enable patients to easily book and manage

appointments while providing doctors with a clear view of their schedules.

The system automates billing and invoicing, facilitating payment processing

and insurance claims management. Additionally, it ensures secure storage

and retrieval of medical records, with role-based access to maintain data

privacy and security. Inventory management tracks medical supplies and

medications, alerting staff to low stock levels and expirations. The HMS also

includes reporting and analytics capabilities, generating insights on patient

visits, revenue, and operational efficiency. Overall, an HMS significantly

enhances operational efficiency, improves patient care through quick access

to information, and strengthens data security, making it an essential tool for

modern healthcare facilities.

 REFERENCES

Camp coders. Task Management System: A

Web-Based Platform for Efficient Task
Organization and Collaboration. Web
development project focused on improving
task tracking, prioritization, and team
collaboration through an intuitive user interface
and powerful backend system. Developed
using HTML, CSS, JavaScript for the front-end,
and Node.js for the back-end to provide
seamless user experiences with real-time task
management features.