SAM

IT Infrastructure- encompasses the software, thehardware, network, and services requiredfor an organization to operate
in anenterprise IT environment.

Server- provides services to other software or machines

Data Center- facility that stores hundreds, if not thousands of servers.

Drawbacks-
A KVM switch (with KVM being an abbreviation for "keyboard, video, and mouse") is a hardware device that allows a
user to control multiple computers from one or more sets of keyboards, video monitors, and mouse.
Computer Hardware Basics
The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the maincomponents of the computer. It houses the
motherboard, central processing unit(CPU), power supply, and more.
The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case,to display images and text on the screen. Newer
monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin,and
they are often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode raytube) displays.
The keyboard is one of the primary ways we communicate with the computer and enter data. There are many different
types of computer keyboards, including wired, wireless, ergonomic, and multimedia.
The mouse is a peripheral that is known as a pointing device. It letsyou point to objects on the screen, click on them, and
move them.
Optical Disc Drive – Often called a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, these let your computer read CDs andDVDs. Most optical
disc drives can also write (or burn) data to CD-R and DVD-R discs. More recent drivescan read Blu-ray discs and write to
BD-R (Blu-ray disc recordable) discs, and these drives are oftencalled BD-ROM, BD-RE, or Blu-ray drives. A typical Blu-ray
disc can hold 25 gigabytes of data, and some can hold 50 gigabytes or more. This is much more than CDs or DVDs,
making BD-R discs ideal for storage.
Power button – used to power the computer on and off. Additionally, you can use the power button on somecomputers
to place the computer in different energy – saving modes such as hiernate, sleep, and standby.
Audio In / Audio Out – Many computers include audio ports on the front of the computer case that allowyou to easily
connect speakers, microphones, and headsets without fumbling with the back of the computer.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port – Most desktop computers have several USB ports. These can be usedto connect almost
any type of device, including mice, keyboards, printers, and digital cameras. They will oftenappear on the front and back
of the computer.
Power Socket – This is where you'll connect the power cord to the computer.
Ethernet Port – This port looks a lot like the modem or telephone port, but it is slightly wider. You can usethis port for
networking and connecting to the Internet.
Monitor / VGA Port – This is where you'll connect your monitor cable. In this example, the computer hasboth a
DisplayPort and a VGA port. Other computers may have other types of monitor ports, such as DVI(digital visual interface)
or HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface).
Serial Port – This port is less common on today's computers. It was frequently used to connectperipherals like digital
cameras, but it has been replaced by USB and other types of ports.
P/S 2 Port – These ports are sometimes used for connecting the mouse and keyboard. Typically, themouse port is green,
and the keyboard port is purple. On new computers, these ports have been replacedby USB.
Expansion Slots – These empty slots are where expansion cards are added to computers. For example,if your computer
did not come with a video card, you could purchase one and install it here.
Parallel Port – This is an older port that is less common on new computers. Like the serial port, it has nowbeen replaced
by USB.
The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the
hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video and audio, and connections to your computer's ports
(such as USB ports). The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.
CMOS Battery - Is a button cell battery that gives power to CMOS so that the Bios setting is retain when the PC is turn off.
SATA CONTROLLER - Serial Advanced Technology Attachment is a computer bus primarily designed for transfer of data
between a computer and storage devices (like hard disk drives or optical drives).
Configuration and Maintenance:These tools include essential utilities like the Control Panel, Task Manager, Disk
Management, and Event Viewer, which allow users and administrators to configure system settings, managehardware
and software resources, monitor performance, and maintain the system’s health.
Administrative Tools: Administrative tools are crucial for advanced users and system administrators to manage and
secure the operating system. Tools like Group Policy Management, Windows PowerShell, and Task Scheduler provide
capabilities to automate tasks, enforce policies, and manage configurations across individual systems or networks.
Software Installation and Deployment :Windows 10 supports efficient software installation and deployment through
various utilities like Windows Installer (msiexec), Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM), andPowerShell
scripts, ensuring that users can install, manage, and update software effectively.
User Interface: Windows 10 provides an intuitive and customizable user interface, including elements like the Start
Menu, Taskbar, Action Center, and File Explorer. These components are designed for ease of access, allowing users to
navigate, organize, and interact with their system efficiently.
Applications and Utilities: A range of built-in applications and utilities support users in daily tasks, such as Notepad,
Windows Defender, Snipping Tool, and Windows Media Player. These applications provide basic yet essential functions
that help enhance productivity and system management.
File Systems: Windows 10 supports multiple file systems, such as NTFS, exFAT, FAT32, and ReFS, each with specific
usecases and advantages. These file systems manage how data is stored, organized, and accessed on storage devices,
providing features like encryption, compression, and data integrity to ensure secure and efficient file management.
Configuration and Maintenance
Control Panel-Provides a centralized location to configuresystem settings and maintenance options. Control
Task Manager- Monitors and manages running applications, processes, and system performance. Taskmgr
Device Manager Manages hardware devices, updates drivers, and configures device settings. devmgmt.msc
System Configuration (MSConfig)Configures system startup, services, and boot options. msconfig
Disk Management- Manages disk partitions, drive letters, and file systems. diskmgmt.msc
Event Viewer- Views detailed logs of system, security, andapplication events. eventvwr
Registry Editor- Edits Windows system registry settings. regedit
Services Manager- Manages Windows services (start, stop,configure). services.msc
System Information- Displays comprehensive system detailsincluding hardware and software configurations. msinfo32
Task Scheduler Automates and schedules tasks based on specific conditions. taskschd.msc
Command Prompt- Accesses command-line tools and performs administrative tasks. cmd
Windows PowerShell- Provides an advanced command-line and scripting environment. powershell or pwsh
Disk Cleanup- Frees up disk space by removing unnecessary files. cleanmgr
System Restore- Restores the system to a previous stateusing restore points. rstrui
Computer Management- Provides access to system tools like Event Viewer, Disk Management, and Services.
compmgmt.msc
Performance Monitor- Analyzes and monitors system performance through performance counters. perfmonGroup Policy
Editor Configures advanced system and user settings (available in Pro and Enterprise editions). gpedit.msc
Windows Update-Manages Windows updates, patches, and system upgrades.control /name Microsoft.WindowsUpdat
Security & Maintenance- Monitors security and maintenance settings and alerts users of issues. control /name
Microsoft.ActionCenter
1. Creating a New User Account• Command Prompt (CMD): net user [username] [password] /add
net localgroup administrators [username] /add
net user [username] /delete
net user [username] [newpassword] - net user
• CMD:
o Simple, direct, and works well for quick tasks.
o Uses basic commands with limited options and flexibility.
o Lacks the ability to securely manage sensitive data like passwords.
1. Creating a New User Account- New-LocalUser -Name "username" -Password (ConvertTo-SecureString
"password" -AsPlainText -Force)
Add-LocalGroupMember -Group "Administrators" -Member "username"
Remove-LocalUser -Name "username"
$SecurePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString "newpassword" -AsPlainText -Force
Set-LocalUser -Name "username" -Password $SecurePassword
Get-LocalUser
• PowerShell:
o More powerful and flexible, with cmdlets like New-LocalUser, Set-LocalUser,
Remove-LocalUser, and Get-LocalUser.
o Supports secure password management and integrates with Windows
Management Instrumentation (WMI) and other system management tools.
o Ideal for automation, scripting, and advanced tasks where more control and
flexibility are required.