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Negotiations

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24 views

Negotiations

Uploaded by

twqds5hs58
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Initiation of Negotiation
 Duration: Days to Months
 A dispute, shared concern, or opportunity for collaboration prompts parties to engage in
negotiations.
 Diplomatic notes, informal discussions, or official invitations are exchanged.
 Parties confirm their willingness to enter into discussions, often documented through a
memorandum of understanding (MOU).
 Broad deadlines are proposed to guide the negotiation process.

2. Preparation and Planning


 Duration: 1–6 Months (or longer for complex issues)
 States review relevant laws, treaties, and data; legal and technical experts draft position
papers.
 Composed of diplomats, experts, and legal advisors.
 Prioritize key issues and establish timelines.
 Decide on a neutral or relevant location; choose bilateral, multilateral, or mediated
discussions.
 Align national interests through stakeholder input.
 Domestic stakeholders are consulted to align national interests.

3. Initial Negotiations and Stakeholder Consultations


 Time Duration: 2–12 Months (or more for multilateral treaties)
 Formal statements by each party presenting their objectives.
 Sharing of positions, evidence, or technical data.
 Clarification of contentious issues.
 Public or private stakeholders may provide input on the implications of proposals.

4. Core Negotiations
 Duration: Months to Years (depending on complexity)
 Initial terms are proposed and adjusted.
 Compromises involve trading minor concessions for priority gains.
 Neutral mediators may assist in bridging gaps.
 Breaks allow consultation and reassessment of positions.

5. Drafting the Agreement


Time Duration: 3–6 Months (for simple treaties) to Years (for comprehensive treaties)
 Legal experts draft precise language, including dispute resolution mechanisms.
 Drafts are iteratively reviewed and revised for clarity and consensus.
 Final text is approved, sometimes requiring national authorization before formal adoption.

6. Conclusion and Signing


Duration: 1–3 Months (dependent on procedural requirements)
High-level representatives sign the agreement to indicate commitment.
Domestic ratification follows, often requiring legislative approval, with timelines varying by
country.
Treaties are deposited with designated bodies (e.g., UN Secretary-General) and registered to
ensure transparency under international law.

Example:
Sudan Mediation Efforts
 Continued fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces
(RSF) following the outbreak of civil war in 2023.
 The African Union, supported by the United Nations and Saudi Arabia.
 Talks in Jeddah focused on humanitarian access, ceasefires, and eventual peace
negotiations. Despite limited progress, mediation efforts have continued into 2024 to
stabilize the region.
 Trust issues between parties and violations of temporary ceasefire agreements have made
progress difficult

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