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Nozzles Problems

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73 views

Nozzles Problems

Uploaded by

prudhvime2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. Steam expands from 3 bar to 1 bar in a nozzle.

The initial velocity is 90 m/s


and the initial temperature is 150 C. The nozzle efficiency is 0.95. Determine
the exit velocity.

H1 = 2760 kJ/kg
H2 = 2570 kJ/kg
H2’ = 2579 kJ/kg
C2’ = 607 m/s
2. The inlet condition of steam to a convergent – divergent nozzle is 2.2
MN/m2 and 260 C. The exit pressure is 0.4 MN/m2. Assuming frictionless flow
up to the throat and a nozzle efficiency of 85%. Determine the flow rate for a
throat area of 32.3 cm2. Also determine the exit area.

H1 = 2990 kJ/kg
H2 = 2800 kJ/kg
H3 = 2610 kJ/kg
H3’ = 2638 kJ/kg
Vel. at Throat = 616.43 m/s
Discharge = 1.99 m3/s
Sp. Vol. at Throat = 0.2 m3/kg
Mass flow rate = 9.95 kg/s
Sp. Vol. at Exit = 0.4 m3/kg
Vel. at Exit = 839 m/s
Exit Area = 50 cm2
3. Steam enters through a convergent divergent nozzle at 19 bar and 523 K. The
discharge pressure is 0.2 bar, the expansion is uniform throughout the operation.
At convergent portion there is no friction loss. Whereas, at divergent portion there
is 20 percent friction loss. Calculate the throat area and exit area of the nozzle if
the mass flow rate of steam is 15 kg/s. Also draw the enthalpy versus entropy
diagram for the given case.
4. Dry saturated steam at 6.5 bar with negligible velocity expands isentropically in
a convergent divergent nozzle to 1.4 bar and dryness fraction 0.956. Determine
the final velocity of steam from the nozzle if 13% heat is loss in friction. Find the
percentage reduction in the final velocity. (solve using steam stable)
n = 1.3 for superheated steam
P2 = 10.37 bar, Specific volume at inlet = 0.1179
m3/kg and
Specific volume at throat = 0.187 m3/kg.
Velocity at throat = 503 m/s and Velocity at exit
= 1088.8 m/s
S1 = S2 = S3 → Dryness fraction at exit X3 =
0.811
Throat area = 0.0055 m2 and exit area = 0.085
m2
6. The nozzles of a Delaval steam
turbine are supplied with dry saturated
steam at a pressure of 9 bar. The
pressure at the outlet is 1 bar. The
turbine has two nozzles with a throat
diameter of 2.5 mm. Assuming nozzle
efficiency as 90% and that of turbine
rotor 35%, find the quality of steam
used per hour and the power developed.

n
x2 ' = 0.96, x3' = 0.88
P2  2  n −1
=  = 0.58 vg 2 = 0.361 m3 / kg , vg 3 =1.694 m3 / kg
P1  n + 1 
n = 1.135(dry saturated ) C2' = 424 m / s, A2 = 9.82 10−6 m 2
P2 = 5.22 bar C3' = 816 m / s
from mollier chart A2C2 '
mass of steam = = 0.012 kg / s
h1 = 2770 kJ / kg x2 ' vg2

h2 = 2670 kJ / kg mass  c3'2


Energy supp lied by steam = = 3995W  4kW
h3 = 2400 kJ / kg 2
Power developed (useful work ) = turbine  4 = 1.44 kW
7. Steam at a pressure of 15 bar and dryness fraction of 0.97 is discharged through a
convergent divergent nozzle to a back pressure of 0.2 bar. The mass flow rate is 9
kg/kWh. If the power developed is 220 kW, determine :
a) Throat pressure.
b) Number of nozzles required if each nozzle has a throat of rectangular cross-
section of 4 mm × 8 mm.
c) If 12% of the overall isentropic enthalpy drop reheats by friction the steam in
divergent portion, find the cross-section of the exit rectangle.

i. Throat Pressure=8.65 bar


ii. No. of nozzles=7.7=8
iii. Exit cross section=13.78
mm*27.56 mm
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