BAB III

METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH

A. Place and Time of the Research
The writer will take place at SMK Daruttaibin Pabuaran that is located on Jl.
Raya Palka Km. 05 Pancanegara Pabuaran Serang, the reason why writer chose
this school because based on observation when writer observation the writer
finding problem that have been described in the backround of problem found in
the school, especially in class X. This writer will begin the research on February
until May 2020.
B. Schedule of the Research
This research conducted at the eleventh grade of the SMK Daruttaibin
Pabuaran.
The schedule can see on the table below:

Month

No
Activities January February March April May June July August

1. Preparation

2. Making
proposal
3. Pre observ

4. Seminar

5. Test

6. Making
report
7. Exam

C. Research Method and Design

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 In the research, writer will conduct an experimental research. According to
Arikunto (in Susilawati, 2019). experimental research is a study that is intended
to dtermine whether there is a result of “something” imposed on the subject
inquired. in addition, Gay and Peter (2000) an experiment the quantitative
approach that provides the greatest degree of control over the research procedures.
The trick is to compare one or more experimental groups treated with one or
more comparison groups that did not receive treatment. In this design, quasi
experimental design was used to identify the students vocabulary mastery used
Memes 9gag. in this research, writer will select two class which applied two
different independent variables; one as experimental class is X Pemasaran A and
another one as control class is X Pemasaran B.

Tabel 1
The Design of experimental research
Group Pre test Treatment Post Test
E O1 X1 O2
C O2 O2

In which :
E = Experimental group
C = control Group
O1 = Pre test
O2 = Post Test
X1 = Treatment Vocabulary by memes of 9gag

D. Population and Sample

Population is a generalization area consisting of objects/

subjects that have certain qualities and characteristics determined by
researchers to be studied and then drawn conclusions (Sugiono, 2017:
80). The population of the tenth grade of SMK Daruttaibin Pabuaran
consist of 60 students.

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 However, according to Creswell (in Susilawati, 2019) sample is the group of
participants in a study selected from the target population from the research
generalizes to the population. for that the samples taken from the population must
be representative (Sugiono, 2017: 80). Based on data obtained from SMK
Daruttaibin Pabuaran there are 60 in 10th grade students. Therefore, the population
determined is 60 students. This research uses probability sampling method, which
is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunities for each member of the
population to be selected as a sample. Method is used with a simple random
sampling technique, which is taking members without regard to strata in the
population. (Sugiono, 2017: 82).
E. Technique of the Data Collecting
According to sugiyono (2017:137),data collecting can be done in various
settings, various sources, and various ways. Data collecting technique is a
strategies step in a research, because the main purpose of it is together the data. In
collecting the data, the writer used two technique for complete the data.
1. Test
a) Pre-test
Pre-test has been given before the treatment. It has been done by
reading the Memes 9gag on the provided topics.
The pretest was given to the students in control class and
experimental class to measure their vocabulary mastery using
Memes 9gag before treatment.
In pretest the students were asked to see pict and reading
vocabulary in the Memes 9gag based on the provided topics that
consists.
b) Post-test
The post-test has been done after the students in experience post-
test was used to know the students’ vocabulary mastery using
Memes 9gag after they were taught to understand the meaning of
the sentence contained in Memes 9gag. The system and degree of
difficulty of the post-test would same as the pre-test because both
of them used to measure the students’ vocabulary mastery.

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F. Instrument of theResearch

The quantitative data collected in correlation research, comparative

or experimental formula process with statistical formula that has been
provided, either manually or by using computer services .
1. Validity

According to Sugiono (in NunungErmikasturi, 2018) Validity is the

degree of accuracy between the data that occurs in the object of research
with data that can be reported by researchers. Thus valid data is data that
does not differ between the data reported by researchers with the actual
data on the object of research. The validity of the instrument used is the
product moment correlation technique proposed by the person as follows:

r Xy=¿ N ∑ XY −( ∑ X)¿ ¿¿¿

In which:

𝑟𝑥𝑦= Correlation of coefficient between variable x and variable y

𝑁 = The total ofstudents

𝑋 = Score ofitem

𝑌 = Score oftotal

Furthermore, it is calculated by t-test with the formula:

r √ n−2
τ hitung
√ 1−r ²

Distribution (table t) for 𝛼 = 0.05 and degrees of freedom (dk= n - 2)

decision rules if thitung>ttable means valid, if thitung<ttable it means invalid.

2. Reliability

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 According to SuahrismiArikunto (in NunungErmikasturi, 2018)
Reliability shows an understanding that an instrument can be trusted
enough to be used as a data collection tool because the instrumentis good.
To determine the reliability in this study, then it is calculated by the
Alpha formula (Sugiono).
as follows:

In which:

∑ S1 ) 2
r i= ( )
n
n−1
(1
S i2

𝑟𝑖 = Reliabilityinstrument

𝑘 = The total ofquestions

1 = constantnumber

∑𝑆12 = The sum of the variance scores for eachitem

Table of classification coefficient of reliability

Correlation Classification

0,80 < r11 ≤ 1,00 Veryhigh

0,60 < r11 ≤ 0,80 High

0,40 < r11 ≤ 0,60 Enough

0,20 < r11 ≤ 0,40 Low

r11 ≤ 0,20 Very low

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G. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data by using test the writer analysis the result of the test.
To find out the result of the test, the writer uses some statistic and takes steps the
following:
1) Statistic Procedure
Statistical procedures are steps that used statistically to analyze the
students’ achievement. To interpret the result of the students’ workhset,
The writer used statistical procedures as follows:
a) Mean
The mean is the average of group score. It is used to determine the
position of the students’ in achieving or mastering the given
materials. The way to computer the mean is adding all the
students’ score then diving this sum by number of the test takers.
According to Sugiono (in Nunung Ermikasturi, 2018) Mean is a
group explanation technique based on the average value of the
group.

Χ=
∑x1
n

In which:

X = Mean

∑ =Epsilon (sum)

𝑥1 = Value x to 1 to n

𝑛= Sum ofindividuals

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b. Median (me)

According to Sugiono (in NunungErmikasturi, 2018) median is one of the

group explanation techniques based on the middle value of the group
ofdata that has been arranged from the smallest to the largest, or vice
versa from the largest data to the smallest data. Here is the median
formula:

1
n−F
2
me=b+ p( )
f

In which:

Me=Median

b = Lower limit, where the median islocated

p = Long classinterval

n = Sum ofdata

F = Sum of all frequencies before the medianclass

𝑓 = Median classfrequency
b) Mode (Mo)
The mode is the score that is attained by more subjects
than any other score. According to Sugiono (in
NunungErmikasturi, 2018) mode is a group explanation
technique that is based on the most popular values (which
are becoming a mode) or values that often appear in that
group. The following is the formula mode:

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 1
b
mo=b+ p( )
b 1+b 2

In which:

Mo = Mode

b = class limit with the mostfrequency

p = Long classinterval

b1 = Frequency in the mode class (highest frequency

classfrequency) minus the frequency of the
previous closest intervalclass.

b2 = Mode class frequency minus the next interval classfrequency.

1) Standar Deviation
Standard deviation is the square root of the variance of
a set of scores. The standard deviation, used with interval
and ratio data is by far the most frequently used index of
variability. Similar to the mean, its central tendency
counterpart, the standard deviation is the most stable
measure of variability and includes every score in its
calculation (L. R. Gay, Geoffrey E. Mills, Peter W.
Airasian, 2012:326). Standard deviation is a measure of
data distribution that is considered good than other size
distributions. The standard deviation of a data set is the
square root of the square of the mean. In other words, the
standard deviation is the square root of variation. The
formula is:

S=
√ ∑ ( x ₁−x )²
(n−1)

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 In which:

S = Standarddeviation

x₁ =the first value

x =average of score

n= sum ofdata
2) Statistic testing

Analysis of the research data is carried out to test the truth of

the hypotheses conveyed in the assessment. hypotheses that have
been formulated will be analyzed using t-test. however, before
testing the hypothesis, the data analysis requirements test will be
performed first using the normalitytest.

a. Normalitytesting

According to Supardi (2013:138) one of the

requirements in hypothesis testing is to use the normality
test, the usefulness of the normality test is to find out
whether the data obtained comes from populations that are
normally distributed or good. Normality test uses Chi

square test (x2) with a significance level a = 0.05. If x2 is

equal or greater than the price of criticism x 2 listed in the

table, according to the predetermined significant level.
Then the conclusion is that there is a significant difference
between f0 and fh. However, if from the calculated

calculation that the value of x2 is smaller than the price of

criticism in the table, then there is no significant difference
between f0 andfh.The following is the formula:

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 k ( f ₀−fh) ²
x ∠= ¿ :
fh
t−1
In which:

x2= chi square test

𝑓0= value of observations (frequency of observations)

𝑓ℎ= expected value (expected frequency)

𝑘 = the amount of intervalclasses

Thus the hypothesis to be testedis:

H0 = normally distributed data

Ha = data that is not

normally distributed
Normality test criteria:

If X2count > X2table it means H0 rejected

If X2count < X2table it means H0 accepted

b. Hypothesis testing

Hypothesis testing is a process of decision making which

researchers evaluate the results of a study against their original
expectations. For example, suppose we decide to implement a new
reading program at Pinecrest Elementary School. the research plan
for our study includes research hypothesis, predicting a difference
in scores for children using the new program, an a null hypothesis,
predicting that scores for the two groups will not differ. Following
data collection, we computer means and standard deviations for
each group and find that children using the new program had
somewhat higher reading scores than children usingold program.

Hypothesis testing is the process of determining whether to

reject the null hypothesis. Hypothesis testing is a process of
evaluating the null hypothesis, rejected it or failing to reject it.

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 Hypothesis testing is a process of evaluating the null hypothesis,
rejected it or failing to reject it (L. R. Gay, Geoffrey E. Mills,
PeterW. Airasian, 2012:326).

The following are formulas for hypothesistesting:

1. Test –t

After conducting a normality testing, then a hypothesis can

beperformed using t-test statistics with a significant level of a =
0.05. Statistical hypothesis testing is done after the research data
has been normally distributed (Supardi, 2013:325). This statistical
hypothesis testing uses the Student's t-test with the
followingformula:

Md
t=

√ ∑ x²d
n(n−1)

In which:

di = The difference between the score and the prior score for
eachsubject

Md= The average of thegain

Xd = Deviation of the gain score to themean

x² d= The square of the deviation of the gain score to themean

𝑛 = The amount ofsamples

With the hypothesis testing criteria as follows:

If Tcount ≥ Ttable it means H0 rejected

If Tcount < Ttable it means H0 accepted

2. Pearson product momenttest
Pearson product moment test is one of several types of correlation tests
used to determine the degree of evenness of the relationship between 2

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 variables. With this test will return the value of the correlation coefficient
whose values range between -1, 0, and 1. A value of -1 means there is a
perfect negative correlation, 0 means there is no correlation and a value of
1 means there is a perfect positive correlation. The range of correlation
coefficients ranging from -1, 0, and 1 can be concluded that the closer the
value of 1 or -1, the closer the relationship, while the closer to 0, the
weaker the relationship.
The following is the Pearson product moment formula:

r N ∑ XY −(∑ Y )
xy=
√ { N ∑ x −(∑ X )² }{ N ∑ Y −(∑Y )² }
2 2

𝑟𝑥𝑦 = The correlation coefficient of variable x and variabley

𝑁 = Amount ofrespondents
∑X = Total score of itemx
∑Y = Total score of itemy

3. Coefficient ofdetermination

The coefficient of determination is the square of the

correlation coefficient related to the independent variable (x) and
the dependent variable (y). The coefficient of determination is
used to describe how much influence the variable x has on the
variable y. The formula used is:

KD= r2 x 100%

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