CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS

1. Give the ratio in which hydrogen and oxygen are present in water by mass.
(a)1: 2 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 2 : 1 (d)1 : 8
2. See the reaction below: 2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2 what type of reaction is this?
(a) Exothermic reaction (b) Substitution reaction
(c) Endothermic reaction (d) None of these
3. Magnesium ribbon is rubbed before burning because it has a coating of:
(a) Basic magnesium sulphate (b) Basic magnesium oxide
(c) Basic magnesium sulphide (d) Basic magnesium chloride.
4. Which of the following gases can be used for storage of a fresh sample of oil for a long
time?
(a) Carbon dioxide or oxygen. (b) Nitrogen or oxygen.
(c) Carbon dioxide or helium. (d) Helium or nitrogen.
5. A substance losing oxygen during a reaction is said to be ___________.
(a) Oxidised (b) Reduced (c) Electrolysed (d) None of these
6. The chemical reaction between two substances is characterized by a change in colour
from orange to green. These two substances are most likely to be:
(a) Potassium dichromate solution and sulphur dioxide
(b) Potassium permanganate solution and sulphur dioxide
(c) Potassium permanganate solution and lemon juice
(d) Potassium dichromate solution and carbon dioxide
Heat
7. HgO(s) −−→Hg(l) + O2(g)
The above-given reaction is:
(a) Combustion reaction (b) Displacement reaction
(c) Thermal decomposition reaction (d) Photolytic decomposition reaction
8. Identify the product(s) which will be formed by using the information provided about
the reactants:
Mg(s) + 2HCl →
(a) MgCl2 + H (b) MgH2 + Cl2 (c) MgCl3 + H2 d) MgCl2 + H2
9. The following reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen gas in the laboratory
2KCIO3(s) Heat 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
Catalyst

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) correct about the reaction?

(a) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature.
(b) It is a combination reaction.
(c) It is a decomposition reaction accompanied by the release of heat.
(d) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and exothermic in nature.
10. One of the following is an exothermic reaction. This is:
(a) Electrolysis of water
(b) Conversion of limestone into quicklime
(c) Process of respiration
(d) Process of photosynthesis.
11. What is the chemical name of a substance used in whitewashing?
(a)Calcium hydroxide (b) Calcium oxide (c) Calcium hydride (d) none of these
12. Quicklime when dissolved in water gives:
(a) Plaster of Paris (b) Gypsum (c) Slaked lime (d) Calcium oxide
13. Calcium hydroxide reacts with ________ in the air to form calcium carbonate.
(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Ozone (d) Nitrogen
14. In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous
lead nitrate, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While performing the activity
if lead nitrate is not available, which of the following can be used in place of lead nitrate?
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 (a)Lead sulphate (insoluble) (b) Lead acetate
(c) Ammonium nitrate (d) Potassium sulphate
15. Oxidation is a process that involves:
(a) Addition of oxygen (b) Addition of hydrogen
(c) Removal of oxygen (d) Removal of Chlorine
16. Which of the following is a complete and balanced equation for the combustion of
propane (C3H8)?
(a) C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
(b) C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + 4H2O
(c) C3H8 + O2 → 3CO2 + H2O
(d) C3H8 + 5O2 → CO2 + H2O
17. Which component is getting reduced in the following reaction?
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
(a) HCl (b) MnO2 (c) Both HCl and MnO2 (d) None of them
18. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe
The above reaction is an example of a,
(a) Combination reaction (b) Double displacement reaction
(c) Decomposition reaction (d) Displacement reaction
19. What happens when dilute Sulphuric acid is added to Zn granules?
(a) Hydrogen gas and Zinc sulphate are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and Zinc hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Zinc salt and water are produced.
20. The chemical reaction involved in the corrosion of iron metal is that of:
(a) Oxidation as well as displacement.
(b) Reduction as well as combination.
(c) Oxidation as well as combination.
(d) Reduction as well as displacement.
21. Which of the following equation is not correct?
(a) 2AgBr(s)+ Sunlight → 2Ag(s) + Br2(g).
(b) FeSO4(s) + Cu(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s).
(c) Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s).
(d) Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s).
22. Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen and
oxygen gases liberated during electrolysis of water is:
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
23. A white precipitate will be formed if we add common salt solution to:
(a) Ba(NO3)2 (b) KNO3 (c) AgNO3 d)Mg(NO3)2
24. Identify the name of the reaction. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O
(a) Respiration (b) Catenation (c) Photosynthesis d) Combustion
25. Four test tubes containing solutions (I), (II), (III), and (IV) are shown below with their
colours. ZnSO4 is contained in:

(a)I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) IV only

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26. A reddish-brown coloured metal used in electric wires, when powdered and heated
strongly in an open China dish, its colour rums black. When hydrogen gas is passed over
this black substance, it regains its original colour. Based on this information, the metal
and black coloured substances are:
(a) Copper and copper nitrate. (b) Silver and silver oxide.
(c) Copper and copper oxide. (d) Aluminium and aluminium oxide.
27. Consider the following equation of the chemical reaction of a metal M.
4M + 3O2−−−→2M2O3
This equation represents:
(a) Combination reaction as well as reduction reaction.
(b) Decomposition reaction as well as oxidation reaction.
(c) Oxidation reaction as well as displacement reaction.
(d) Combination reaction as well as an oxidation reaction.
28. One of the following does not happen during a chemical reaction. This is:
(a) Breaking of old chemical bonds and formation of new chemical bonds
(b) Formation of new substances with entirely different properties
(c) Atoms of one element change into those of another element to form new products.
(d) A rearrangement of atoms takes place to form new products.
29. You are given the following chemical equation: Mg(s) + CuO(s) −−−→ MgO(s) + Cu(s)
This equation represents:
(a) Decomposition reaction as well as displacement reaction.
(b) Combination reaction as well as double displacement reaction.
(c) Redox reaction as well as displacement reaction.
(d) Double displacement reaction as well as redox reaction.
30. In a double displacement reaction such as the reaction between sodium sulphate
solution and barium chloride solution:
(A) The exchange of atoms takes place. (B) The exchange of ions takes place.
(C) A precipitate is produced. (D) An insoluble salt is produced.
The correct option is:
(a) (B) and (D). (b) (A) and (C). (c) Only (B). (d) (B), (C) and (D).
31. Which of the following are exothermic processes?
(i) Reaction of water with quick lime
(ii) Dilution of an acid
(iii) Evaporation of water
(iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals)
(a)(i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c)(i) and (iv) d) (ii) and (iv)
32. Which among the following is (are) double displacement reaction(s)?
1. Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu
2. Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
3. C + O2 → CO2
4. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
(a) 1 and 4 (b)2 only (c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
33. The following reaction is an example of a: 4NH3(g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
1. Displacement reaction. 2. Combination reaction.
3. Redox reaction. 4. Neutralisation reaction.
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
34. Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct?
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
1. Iron metal is getting oxidized.
2. Water is getting reduced.
3. Water is acting as a reducing agent.
4. Water is acting as oxidizing agent.
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 (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
35. Which among the following statement(s) is (are) true? Exposure of silver chloride to
sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to:
1. The formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
2. Sublimation of silver chloride.
3. Decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride.
4. Oxidation of silver chloride.
(a) 1 Only (b) 1 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) Only 4
36. Which of the following is (are) an endothermic process (es)?
(a) Dilution of sulphuric acid (b) Sublimation of dry ice
(c) Condensation of water vapours. (d) Evaporation of water.
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 Only (c) 3 Only d) 2 and 4
37. Which among the following statement (s) is/ are true? Exposure of silver chloride to
sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to:
(i) The formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
(ii) Sublimation of silver chloride.
(iii) Evolution of chlorine gas from silver chloride.
(iv) Oxidation of silver chloride.
(a) (i) only. (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iv) only
38. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
2PbO(s) + C(s) → 2Pb(s) + CO2(g)
(A) Lead is getting reduced.
(B) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidized.
(C) Carbon is getting oxidized.
(D) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
(a) A and B (b) A and C (c) A, B and C (d) all
39. Three beakers labelled A, B, and C each containing 25mL of water were taken. A small
amount of NaOH, anhydrous CuSO4, and NaCl were added to the beakers A, B, and C
respectively. It was observed that there was an increase in the temperature of the
solutions contained in beakers A and B, whereas, in the case of beaker C, the
temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the following statements (s) is (are)
correct?
1. In beakers A and B, an exothermic process has occurred.
2. In beakers A and B, an endothermic process has occurred.
3. In beaker C, an exothermic process has occurred.
4. In beaker C, an endothermic process has occurred.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c)1 and 4 d) 2 and 3
40. When magnesium ribbon is burnt, it burns with a dazzling white flame which changes
into a white powder. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding this white
powder?
(a) This powder is magnesium oxide
(b) It is formed due to the reaction between magnesium and oxygen present in the air.
(c) It turns moist red litmus into blue
(d) It is insoluble in water.
41. Which of the following observation helps us to determine the occurrence of chemical
reaction?
(a)Change in shape (b) Change in size
(c)Evolution of gas (d) Change in volume
42. When barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.
Which of the following is the correct representation of above statement?
(a)3BaCl2(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) 3BaSO4(s)+ 2AlCl3(aq)
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 (b)BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 BaSO4 + AlCl3
(c)3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3
(d)BaCl2(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) BaSO4(s)+ AlCl3(aq)
43. What will be the value of a, b and c?
aFe + bH2O  Fe3O4 + cH2
(a) a=3, b= 3and c= 4 (b) a=3, b= 4 and c= 4
(c) a=4, b= 4 and c= 4 (d) a=3, b= 4 and c= 3
44. When water is added to a small amount of calcium oxide in a beaker. The temperature
of the beaker will be
(a) Increase (b) decrease (c) remains same (d) Cannot say
45. A solution of _________(a)_______ is used for whitewashing walls. ________(b)__________________
reacts slowly with the ___________(c)________ in air to form a thin layer of
___________(d)_________________ on the walls.
(a) alime Stone, bCalcium hydroxide, cCarbon-dioxide, dCalcium carbonate
(b) aSlaked lime, bQuick lime, cCarbon-dioxide, dCalcium carbonate
(c) aSlaked lime, bCalcium hydroxide, cNitrogen, dCalcium carbonate
(d) aSlaked lime, bCalcium hydroxide, cCarbon-dioxide, dCalcium carbonate
46. C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq)6CO2(aq) + 6H2O(l).
What type of reaction is above?
(a) Endothermic (b) Exothermic (c) Combination (d)Decomposition
47. Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products are called
______(i)_____________ reaction. Reactions in which heat is absorbed for the formation of
products are called ______(ii)_____________ reaction.
(a) Endothermic, exothermic (b) Exothermic, endothermic
(c) Endothermic, endothermic (d) Exothermic, exothermic
48. What will be the observation when crystal ferrous sulphate is heated?
(a) Green colour of the substance will change to the reddish brown
(b) Smell of burning sulphur will release.
(c) Gas is evolved with pop sounds
(d) Both a and b
49. Which of the following gas is recognised due to its brown fumes?
(a) Oxygen (b) Sulphur dioxide (c) Nitrogen (d) Nitrogen dioxide
50. Barium chloride reacts with sodium sulphate and forms Barium sulphate and sodium
chloride. Which of the following statement is correct according to the law of
conservation of mass?
(a) The total mass of reactants, barium chloride, and sodium sulphate taken is greater than the
total mass of the products, barium sulphate, and sodium chloride.
(b) The total mass of reactants, barium chloride, and sodium sulphate taken is less than the
total mass of the products, barium sulphate, and sodium chloride.
(c) The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.
(d) None of the above
51. When electricity is passed through the acidified water, which gas is released at cathode?
(a) Hydrogen (b) Oxygen (c) Nitrogen dioxide (d) Ozone
52. Which of the following reaction is not thermal decomposition?
(a) 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 (b) Pb(NO3)2 PbO + NO2 + O2
(c) CaCO3  CaO + CO2 (d) 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2
53. Which of the following reaction is used in black and white photograph?
(a) 2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 (b) Pb(NO3)2 PbO + NO2 + O2
(c) CaCO3  CaO + CO2 (d) 2AgBr  2Ag + Br2
54. When 2 g barium hydroxide and 1 g ammonium chloride mix with the help of a glass rod
in a test tube. The temperature of the test tube will be
(a) Increase (b) decrease (c) remains same (d) Cannot say
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55. A solution of a substance “X” is used for whitewashing. The substance “X” is
(a) Quick lime (b) Slaked lime (c) Lime water (d) Lime stone
56. Why does the iron nail become brownish in colour and the blue colour of copper
sulphate solution fades when iron nail is dipped into copper sulphate?
(a) Due to formation of iron oxide.
(b) Iron displaces copper from copper sulphate and form ferrous sulphate.
(c) Iron dissolves in water and form aqueous solution of iron hydroxide.
(d) Iron gets coated over copper.
57. When aqueous solution of lead nitrate is added to aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
__________ coloured precipitate of ____________________ is formed.
(a) Yellow, potassium nitrate (b) White, potassium nitrate
(c) Yellow, lead iodide (d) Red, lead iodide
58. MnO2 + 4HCl  MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
Identify the substance oxidized in the above equation:
(a) MnCl2 (b) HCl (c) H2O (d) MnO2
59. The reaction in which two compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds
is called:
(a)Displacement reaction (b) Combination reaction
(c) Double-displacement reaction (d) Redox reaction
60. In an exothermic reaction:
(a) Hproducts > Hreactants (b) Hproducts < Hreactants
(c) Hproducts = Hreactants (d) Hproducts = Hreactants= 0
61. In the reaction of Aluminium and Iron (II) oxide:
Al + Fe2O3  Al2O3 + Fe
Which option in the given table correctly represents the substance oxidised and the
reducing agent?

oxidised Reducing
Substance agent
(a) Al Al
(b) Fe2O3 Fe2O3
(c) Fe2O3 Al
(d) Al Fe2O3
62. Column II gives type of reaction mention in column I, match them correctly.
Column I Column II
(A) C + O2  CO2 (p) Displacement
(B) 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2 (q) Combination
(C) Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu (r) Decomposition
(D)Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2NaCl (s)Double Displacement
(a) A (q), B(r), C(p), D(s) (b) A(p), B(q), C(r), D(s)
(c) A(s), B (p), C(q), D(r) (d) A(s), B(r), C(q), D(s)
63. The shiny finish of wall after white wash is because of.
(a) Calcium-oxide (b) Calcium hydroxide
(c) Calcium Carbonate (d) Calcium phosphate
64. Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime [2020 Delhi set 1]
CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2aq
This reaction can be classified as:
(I) Combination reaction (II) Exothermic reaction
(III)Endothermic reaction (IV) Oxidation reaction
Which of the following is a correct option?
(a) I and III (b) III and IV (c) I, III and IV (d) I and II
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65. A student took Sodium Sulphate solution in a test tube and added Barium Chloride
solution to it. He observed that an insoluble substance has formed. The colour and
molecular formula of the insoluble substance is:
(a) Grey, Ba2SO4 (b) Yellow, Ba(SO4)2
(c) White, BaSO4 (d) Pink, BaSO4
66. Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide
accompanied by the liberation of heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Calcium
hydroxide dissolves in water to form its solution called lime water. Which among the
following is (are) true about slaking of lime and the solution formed?
1. It is an endothermic reaction.
2. It is an exothermic reaction.
3. The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven.
4. The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven.
(a)1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
67. Which of the following can be decomposed by the action of light?
(a) NaCl. (b) KCl (c) AgCl (d) CuCl
68. When diluting sulphuric acid is added to pieces of iron sulphide, hydrogen sulphide gas
is produced and soluble ferrous sulphate is formed. The type of chemical reaction
involved is:
(a) Decomposition reaction. (b) Combination reaction.
(c) Displacement reaction. (d) Double displacement reaction.
69. What type of chemical reaction takes place when electricity is passed through water?
(a) Thermal decomposition (b) Electrolytic decomposition
(c) Photochemical decomposition (d) Displacement reaction
70. Select from the following a process in which a combination reaction is involved:
(a) Black and White photography (b) Burning of coal
(c) Burning of methane (d) Digestion of food
71. Identify the correct statement about the following reaction:
2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + S
(a) H2S is oxidising agent and SO2, is reducing agent.
(b) H2S is reduced to sulphur.
(c) SO2 is oxidising agent and H2S is reducing agent.
(d) SO2, is oxidised to sulphur.
72. Consider the following Chemical equation:
a Al2O3 + b HCl → c AlCl3 + d H2O
In order to balance this chemical equation, the values of a, b, c and d must be
(a) 1, 6, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 6, 3 and 2 (c) 2, 6, 2 and 3 (d) 2, 6, 3 and 2
73. Zn + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2Zn + H2
The above reaction is a :
(a) Decomposition reaction (b) Displacement reaction
(c) Double displacement reaction (d) Combination reaction
74. MnO2 + 4HCl  MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
The reaction given above is a redox reaction because in this case:
(a) MnO2 is oxidised and HCl is reduced. (b) HCl is oxidised.
(c) MnO2 is reduced (d) MnO2 is reduced and HCl is oxidised.
75. Which one of the following reactions is different from the remaining three?
(a) NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl + NaNO3
(b) CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2
(c) KNO3 + H2SO4  KHSO4 + HNO3
(d) ZnCl2 + H2S ZnS + 2HCl
76. The emission of brown fumes in the given experimental set-up is due to

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 7
 (a) Thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide.
(b) Thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of lead oxide.
(c) Oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and oxygen.
(d) Oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
77. MnO2 + xHCl  MnCl2 + yH2O + zCl2
In order to balance the above chemical equation, the values of x, y and z respectively are
:
(a) 6, 2, 2 (b) 4, 1, 2 (c) 4, 2, 1 (d) 2, 2, 1
78. In order to balance the following chemical equation, the values of the coefficients x and
y respectively are :
x Pb(NO3)22 PbO + y NO2 + O2
(a) 2, 4 (b) 2, 2 (c) 2, 3 (d) 4, 2
79. A metal ribbon ‘X’ burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame forming a white ash ‘Y’.
The correct description of X, Y and the type of reaction is :
(a) X = Ca ; Y = CaO ; Type of reaction = Decomposition
(b) X = Mg ; Y = MgO ; Type of reaction = Combination
(c) X = Al ; Y = Al2O3 ; Type of reaction = Thermal decomposition
(d) X = Zn ; Y = ZnO ; Type of reaction = Endothermic
80. The balanced chemical equation showing reaction between quicklime and water is:
(a) 2 CaO + H2O  2 CaOH + H2 + Heat (b) CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 + Heat
(c) CaO + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + Heat (d) 2 CaO + 3H2O 2 Ca(OH)3+ O2 + Heat
81. Select the appropriate state symbols of the products given as X and Y in the following
chemical equation by choosing the correct option form table given below:
Zn(s) + H2SO4(l)  ZnSO4(X) + H2(Y)
(X) (Y)
(a) (s) (l)
(b) (aq) (g)
(c) (aq) (s)
(d) (g) (aq)

82. Which of the following statements is true about the law of conservation of mass?
a) In a chemical reaction, matter is not created or destroyed, but is conserved.
b) In a chemical reaction, the final mass of the products is always greater than the starting
mass of the reactants.
c) In a chemical reaction, efforts should be made to preserve rare elements without changing
them.
d) Matter can be created and destroyed but does not change forms.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 8
83. Which of the following observation correct regarding the following experimental set up?

(a) Gas is released which gives pop sound and increases the temperature.
(b) Gas is released which gives pop sound and decreases the temperature.
(c) Water is formed and increases the temperature.
(d) Pungent smell is released and increases the temperature.
84. When water is added to quick lime, bubbles are observed. Bubbles of :-

(a) Hydrogen gas

(b) Slaked lime which is formed in gaseous state in this reaction
(c) Water vapours due to high temperature water is converted to water vapour.
(d) Carbon dioxide present in beaker.
85. What will happen to the moist blue and red litmus paper if these are kept at the outlet of
the test tube of following experimental set- up?

(a) Blue litmus remains same and red changes to blue

(b) Blue litmus changes to red and red remains same.
(c) Blue litmus changes to red and red changes to blue
(d) Both remain same
86. When a shiny metal “X” is heated in the presence of oxygen forms a black coated “Y”. Y
reversed back to X when hydrogen gas is passed through it. X and Y are :-
(a) Cu, CuO (b) CuO, Cu (c) Mg, MgO (d) Al, Al2O3
87. Why is it important to balance a skeletal chemical equation?
(a) To verify law of conservation of energy.
(b) To verify the law of constant proportion.
(c) To verify the law of conservation of mass.
(d) To verify the law of conservation of momentum.
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88. The information not obtained from balanced chemical equation is
(a) State of the reactant and products
(b) Relative number of molecules of reactants and products
(c) Time taken for completion of the chemical change
(d) Symbolic representation of chemical change
89. Does the changes remain same if copper sulphate solution is replaced by zinc sulphate
in following experimental set-up?

Which of the following option is correctly explained?

(a) Yes, because colour of zinc sulphate is same as the colour of ferrous sulphate.
(b) No, because reaction does not occur as zinc is less reactive than iron.
(c) No, because heat is released in this reaction.
(d) No, because colour of Zinc sulphate is different from colour of ferrous sulphate.
90. Identify the correct option from the given table which represents the type of reactions
occurring in step 1 and step 2.

Endothermic Exothermic
(a) x √
(b) √ x
(c) √ √
(d) x x

91. A student adds lead and silver to two different test tubes containing an equal amount of
copper sulphate solution. The student observes that the color of the solution in the test
tube with lead changes. What explains the change in the colour of the solution?
(a) A displacement reaction takes place as lead replaces copper from the solution.
(b) A combination reaction takes place as lead combines with sulphate in the solution.
(c) Decomposition reaction takes place as copper dissociates from sulphate in the solution.
(d) A double displacement reaction takes place as copper dissociates from sulphate and lead
combines with sulphate in the solution.
92. The chemical reaction between potassium chloride and silver nitrate is given by the
chemical equation. What can be inferred from the chemical equation?
AgNO3 + KCl AgCl +KNO3
(a) Silver nitrate and potassium undergo a decomposition reaction to form silver chloride and
potassium nitrate

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 10
 (b) Silver nitrate and potassium undergo a displacement reaction to form silver chloride and
potassium nitrate
(c) Silver nitrate and potassium undergo a combination reaction to form silver chloride and
potassium nitrate
(d) Silver nitrate and potassium undergo double displacement reaction to form silver chloride
and potassium nitrate
93. A student notices that her silver jewellery turned dull and had a grey-black film over it
after wearing for a few months. What results in the change in colour of the silver metal?
(a) Dust deposits over the jewellery which changes its colour
(b) The jewellery comes in contact with air, moisture, and acids and corrodes
(c) The polish over the jewellery was removed after wearing for a few months
(d) Silver breaks due to wear and tear and turns its colour changes due to rusting
94. Calcium oxide can be reduced to calcium, by heating with sodium metal. Which
compound would act as an oxidizing agent in the above process?
(a) Sodium (b) sodium oxide (c) calcium (d) calcium oxide
95. Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium sulphate forms barium sulphate and
ammonium chloride. Which of the following correctly represents the type of the
reaction involved?
(A) Displacement reaction (B) Precipitation reaction
(C) Combination reaction (D) Double displacement reaction
(a) Only (A) (b) Only (B) (c) Only (D) (d) (B) & (D)
96. Given below is the balanced chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of lead
nitrate.
2Pb(NO3)2  2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
Which of the following information do the coefficients of PbO and NO2 in the equation (2
and 4 respectively) tell us?
(a) The ratio of the number of moles produced of the two substances.
(b) The ratio of the number of atoms in the two substances.
(c) The ratio of the mass produced of the two substances.
(d) The ratio of the densities of the two substances
97. Which of the following is a necessary for all chemical reactions?
(a) The reactants should be in the same state.
(b) Energy should be supplied to the reactants.
(c) The reactants should be at the same temperature.
(d) There should be physical contact between the reactants.
98. A student wrote a chemical equation of the reaction between carbon monoxide and
hydrogen as,
CO + 2H2 → CH3OH
How can the reaction be classified?
(a) The reaction is an example of a combination reaction as a compound separates into two
compounds.
(b) The reaction is an example of a decomposition reaction as a compound dissociates into two
compounds.
(c) The reaction is an example of a combination reaction as two compounds react to form a
single compound.
(d) The reaction is an example of a decomposition reaction as two compounds react to form a
single compound.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 11
99. The given diagram represents a .............reaction.

(a) Thermal decomposition (b) Displacement

(c) Double displacement (d) Combination
100. Eshani takes about 2g ferrous sulphate crystals in dry boiling tube and heated the
boiling tube over the flame of a burner or spirit lamp. The colour of crystals after
heating is:
(a) Black (b) Brown (c) Green (d) Orange

ASSERTION AND REASON

1. Assertion: Magnesium wire burns in presence of O2.
Reason: Magnesium acts as a reducing agent.
2. Assertion: Chemical reaction changes a substance's physical and chemical state.
Reason: When an electric current is passed through water (liquid), it decomposes to produce
hydrogen and oxygen gases.
3. Assertion: ln a balanced chemical equation, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total
mass of the products.
Reason: Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
4. Assertion: The food items containing oil and fat are flushed with nitrogen.
Reason: Oil and fat become rancid on oxidation which has the bad taste and smell.
5. Assertion: Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to the
formation of silver by the decomposition of silver chloride.
Reason: ln this process, sublimation of silver chloride takes place.
6. Assertion: MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O, is a redox reaction.
Reason: MnO2 oxidizes HCl to Cl2 and gets reduced to MnCl2.
7. Assertion: ln the reaction, Zn(s) + 2H+ (aq)→Zn2+(aq)+H2(g) zinc acts as an oxidizing agent
and H+ acts as a reducing agent.
Reason: An oxidizing agent accepts electrons while a reducing agent loses electrons.
8. Assertion: Chips manufacturers usually flush bags of chips with a gas such as nitrogen to
prevent the chips from getting oxidized.
Reason: This increases the chips’ taste and helps their digestion.
9. Assertion: Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of corrosion.
Reason: The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left open in sunlight.
10. Assertion: Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas and it is a
displacement reaction.
Reason: Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide.
11. Assertion: AgBr is used on photographic and X-ray film.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 12
 Reason: AgBr is photosensitive and changes to Ag and bromine in presence of sunlight and
undergoes a decomposition reaction.
12. Assertion: 2H2S(g) + O2(g) → 2S(g) + 2H2O(l) lt is a redox reaction.
Reason: ln redox reaction, oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously.
13. Assertion: Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them from rusting.
Reason: When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface does not come in contact
with oxygen and moisture therefore rusting does not take place.
14. Assertion: Following reaction describes the rusting of iron and is a redox reaction.
4Fe + 3O2 → 4Fe3+ + 6O2-
Reason: The metallic iron is oxidized to Fe3+.
15. Assertion: Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in the atmosphere of nitrogen.
Reason: Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride and this reaction is a
combination reaction.
16. Assertion: A lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives lead oxide, brown-coloured nitrogen
dioxide, and oxygen gas.
Reason: Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form yellow ppt. of lead iodide and the
reaction is double displacement as well as a precipitation reaction.
17. Assertion: 2Na + H2 → 2NaH
In the above chemical equal, sodium is oxidized and H2 is reduced.
Reason: The chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously,
are called redox reactions.
18. Assertion: Food materials are often packed in an air-tight container.
Reason: Oxidation, resulting in rancidity, is prevented.
19. Assertion: Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.
Reason: Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of moist air.
20. Assertion: Reaction of Quicklime with water is an exothermic reaction.
Reason: Quicklime reacts vigorously with water releasing a large amount of heat.
21. Assertion: In the following reaction
ZnO + C  Zn + CO
ZnO undergoes reduction.
Reason: Carbon is a reducing agent that reduces ZnO to Zn.
22. Assertion: Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of exothermic
reactions.
Reason: Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.
23. Assertion: Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them from rusting. 1
Reason : When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface does not come in contact
with oxygen and moisture therefore rusting does not take place.
24. Assertion: Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of corrosion. 1
Reason : The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left open in sunlight.
25. Assertion : When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction is taking
place.
26. Assertion : Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur burns in air.
Reason : Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with oxygen.
SECTION B
1. Name the type of chemical reaction in which calcium oxide reacts with water. Justify your
answer by giving balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction.
2. Define a decomposition reaction. Write an equation to show thermal decomposition of ferrous
sulphate crystals.
3. What is meant by a balanced chemical equation? Why is it necessary for the equation to be
balanced?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 13
4. Write chemical equation for the chemical reaction which occurs when the aqueous solutions of
barium chloride and sodium sulphate react together. Write the symbols of the ions present in
the compound precipitated in the reaction.
5. What is observed when aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed
together ? Name the type of reaction and write the chemical equation for the reaction that
occurs.
6. When copper powder is heated in a watch glass, a black substance is formed.
(i) Why is this black substance formed? Name it.
(ii) How can this black substance be reversed to its original form?
7. Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when:
(i) Blue coloured copper sulphate crystals are heated and
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated during cooking.
8. No chemical reaction takes place when granules of a solid, A, are mixed with the powder of
another solid, B. However when the mixture is heated, a reaction takes place between its
components. One of the products, C, is metal and settles down in the molten state while the
other product, D, floats over it. It was observed that the reaction is highly exothermic.
(a) Based on the given information make an assumption about A and B and write a chemical
equation for the chemical reaction indicating the conditions of reaction, physical state of
reactants and products and thermal status of the reaction.
(b) Mention any two types of reactions under which above chemical reaction can be classified.
9. Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for
breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where
energy is supplied in the form of heat, light, and electricity.
10. When a green iron salt is heated strongly, its colour finally changes to brown, and odour of
burning sulphur is given out:
(a) Name the iron salt.
(b) Name the type of reaction that takes place during the heating of iron salt.
(c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved.
11. A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied by the
emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it continues
to burn and forms a compound Y.
(a) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation, when X is dissolved in water.
12. What happens when a piece of.
(a) Zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b) Aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c) Silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution? Also, write the balanced chemical
equation if the reaction occurs.
13. On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite, a
white precipitate is obtained.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate disappears.
Why?
14. A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article when
rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.
(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the
phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.
15. A student added few pieces of aluminium metal to two test tubes A and B containing aqueous
solutions of iron sulphate and copper sulphate. In the second part of her experiment, she
added iron metal to another test tubes C and D containing aqueous solutions of aluminium
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 14
 sulphate and copper sulphate. In which test tube or test tubes will she observe colour change?
On the basis of this experiment, state which one is the most reactive metal and why?
16. What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide is added to a solution of lead nitrate
taken in a test tube?
(a) What type of reaction is this?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above reaction.
17. What is observed when a solution of sodium sulphate is added to a solution of barium
chloride taken in a test tube? Write an equation for the chemical reaction involved and name
the type of reaction in this case
18. A solution of a substance ‘X’ is used for whitewashing.
(a) Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula.
(b) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water
19. A copper coin was kept dipped in silver nitrate solution for a few hours/days. What will
happen to the copper coin? What will happen to the colour of the solution?
20. What are the limitations of balanced chemical equations?
21. What is corrosion? Why aluminium sheets do not corrode easily?
22. (a) What is the difference between neutralisation and precipitation reaction?
(b) Double displacement reaction can be considered as double decomposition reaction. Why?
23. Where a magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling flame in air (oxygen) and changes into a
white substance, magnesium oxide. Is magnesium being oxidised or reduced in this reaction?
Justify your answer.
SECTION C
1. In the electrolysis of acidulated water
(a) Name the gas collected at the (i) cathode and (ii) anode.
(b) Why is the volume of one gas collected at one electrode two times the gas collected at the
other electrode ?
(c) Write the method of testing of any one of the gases evolved in this case.
2. Write one chemical equation each for the chemical reaction in which the following have taken
place:
(i) Change in colour
(ii) Change in temperature
(iii) Formation of precipitate
Mention colour change / temperature change / compound precipitate along the equation.
3. (a) State any two observations when an electric current is passed through acidulated water, in
a container having each electrode covered by test tubes filled with water.
(b) Write the ratio of the mass of the gas collected at the cathode to the mass of the gas
collected at the anode.
4. Study the experimental set-up shown in the diagram and write chemical equation for the
chemical reaction involved. Name and define the type of reaction. List two other metals which
can be used in place of iron to show the same type of reaction with copper sulphate solution.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 15
5. Consider the types of reaction mentioned below in (i) and (ii) :

(a) Identify the types of reactions mentioned in the chemical equations (i) and (ii).
(b) Give one example for each type of reaction in the form of word equation or chemical
equation.
6. Silver chloride kept in a china dish turns grey in sunlight. (a) Write the colour of silver
chloride when it was kept in the china dish. (b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking
place and write the chemical equation for the reaction. (c) State one use of the reaction. Name
one more chemical which can be used for the same purpose.
7. (a) Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions:
(i) 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
(ii) H2O + F2  HF + HOF
(iii) Fe2O3 + 3CO  2Fe + 3 CO2
(iv)2H2 + O2  2H2O
(b) Define redox reaction in terms of gain or loss of oxygen.
8. (a) Define a double displacement reaction.
(b) Write the chemical equation of a double displacement reaction which is also a (i)
Neutralization reaction and (ii) Precipitation reaction. Give justification for your answer.
9. Write the balanced chemical reaction under following physical condition.
(a) Under Pressure (b) Presence of sunlight (c) Presence of catalyst
10. What do you understand by the word “aqueous”? Write the equation which takes place only
in aqueous state not in solid state? What is the different between molten state and aqueous
state?
11. A solution of substance “X” is used in white washing walls which gives shiny appearance due
to the formation of “Y”.
(a) Identify X and Y. (b) Write the involved equation.
(c) What happens when Y is heated?
12. "The burning of natural gas is an exothermic reaction, though it requires an initial input of
heat to ignite." Why?
13. Respiration is exothermic but photosynthesis is endothermic. Justify.
14. Write the observation when aqueous barium solution is added to aqueous solution of
ammonium chloride. Write the equation. State the type of reaction with justification.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 16
15. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case.
(a) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773K to form
ammonia gas.
(b) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.
(c) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of concentrated
H2SO4 .
(d) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat
and light.
16. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case.
(a) Thermite reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and
aluminium oxide.
(b) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium
nitride.
(c) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium chloride
solution and solid iodine.
(d) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.
17. Complete the missing components/variables given as x and y in the following
reactions
(a) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI(aq)  PbI2 (x) + 2KNO3 (y)
(b) Cu(s) + 2Ag NO3 (aq)  Cu(NO3 ) 2 (aq) + x(s)
(c) Zn(s) + H2 SO4 (aq)  ZnSO4 (x) + H2 (y)
x
(d) CaCO3 (s) CaO(s) + CO2 (g)
SECTION D
1. (i) Define a decomposition reaction. How can we say that (I) electrolysis of water, and (II)
blackening of silver bromide when exposed to sunlight, are decomposition reactions ? Mention
the type of energy involved in each case.
(ii) “The type of reactions in which (I) calcium oxide is formed, and (II) calcium hydroxide is
formed are opposite reactions to each other”. Justify this statement with the help of chemical
equations.
2. What is a chemical reaction? Describe one activity each to show that a chemical change has
occurred in which (i) change of colour, and (ii) change in temperature has taken place.
3. A metal X forms a water-soluble salt XNO3. When an aqueous solution of XNO3 is added to a
common salt solution, then a white precipitate of compound Y is formed along with sodium
nitrate solution. Metal X is said to be the best conductor of electricity and it does not evolve
hydrogen when put in dilute hydrochloric acid.
(a) What is metal X?
(b) What is salt XNO3?
(c) Name the compound Y.
(d) Write the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place on reacting XNO3 solution
and common salt solution giving the physical states of all the reactants and products.
(e) What type of chemical reaction is illustrated by the above equation?
4. On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide (black),
oxygen gas and a brown gas X are formed.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identity the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identity the type of reaction.
(d) What could be the pH range of the aqueous solution of the gas X?
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 17
5. Two metals X and Y form the salts XSO4 and Y2SO4, respectively. The solution of salt XSO4 is
blue in colour whereas that of Y2SO4 is colourless. When barium chloride solution is added to
XSO4 solution, then a white precipitate Z is formed along with a salt which turns the solution
green. And when barium chloride solution is added to Y2SO4 solution, then the same white
precipitate Z is formed along with colourless common salt solution.
(a) What could the metals X and Y be?
(b) Write the name and formula of salt XSO4.
(c) Write the name and formula of salt Y2SO4.
(d) What is the name and formula of white precipitate Z?
(e) Write the name and formula of the salt which turns the solution green in the first case.
6. When a black metal compound XO is heated with a colourless gas Y2, then metal X and another
compound Y2O are formed. Metal X is red-brown in colour and does not react with dilute acids
at all. Gas Y2 can be prepared by the action of dilute acid on any active metal. The compound
Y2O is a liquid at room temperature which can turn anhydrous copper sulphate blue.
(a) What do you think is metal X? (e) What could be gas Y2?
(b) What is compound XO? (f) What is compound Y2O?
(c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction which takes place on heating XO with Y2.
(d) What type of chemical reaction is illustrated in the above equation?
7. What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, NaCl
and NaOH, also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs.
8. State one characteristic each of the chemical reaction which takes place when:
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate.
(b) Lemon juice is added gradually to potassium permanganate solution.
(c) Dilute sulphuric acid is added to barium chloride solution.
(d) Quicklime is treated with water.
(e) Wax is burned in the form of a candle.
9. A metal salt MX when exposed to light splits up to form metal M and a gas X2. Metal M is used in
making ornaments whereas gas X2 is used in making bleaching powder. The salt MX is itself used
in black and white photography:
(a) What do you think metal M is?
(b) What could be gas X2?
(c) Name the metal salt MX.
(d) Name any two salt solutions which on mixing together can produce a precipitate of salt MX.
(e) What type of chemical reaction takes place when salt MX is exposed to light? Write the
equation of the reaction.
10. Give one example each of a chemical reaction characterized by:
(a) Evolution of a gas.
(b) Change in colour.
(c) Formation of a precipitate.
(d) Change in temperature.
(e) Change in the state.
11. How do you recognise the following gas?
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Oxygen (c) Hydrogen (d) Sulphur dioxide
(e) Nitrogen dioxide
12. During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, following
observations were made.
(a) Silver metal does not show any change
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added.
(c) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive
(d) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid.
Explain these observations giving suitable reasons

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 18
 SECTION E
1. Consider the unbalanced chemical equations of a the chemical reactions listed below :
(1) CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
(2) Pb(NO3)2  PbO + NO2 + O2
(3) CuSO4 + Fe  FeSO4 + Cu
(4) Na2SO4 + BaCl2BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(i) Select combination reaction from the reactions listed above. Is this reaction endothermic or
exothermic?
(ii) Which one of these reactions represents a displacement reaction? State the colour change
observed in this reaction.
(iii) Identify from the above list a reaction in which thermal decomposition occurs. Write the
balanced chemical equation to represent decomposition of ferrous sulphate.
(iv) Write the word equation for the double displacement reaction given in the above list.
Giving reason, state whether this reaction is a redox reaction or not.
2. Acidulated water was taken in a mug fitted with two carbon electrodes at the bottom with paper
insulation. Two graduated test tubes filled with water were inverted over the electrodes. The
electrodes were connected to 6-volt battery and then switched off after about 15 minutes. It was
observed that bubbles start rising into the test tubes and the level of water in each test tube starts
falling but the level in one test tube falls double that in the other.
(i) Why the level of water falls double than in the other test tube and in which tube?
(ii) Why acid is added to water in the above experiment?
(iii) Suggest two methods to prevent rusting.
(iv) What is the chemical formula of “Rust”?
3. Cooked food and curd etc start giving a foul smell when kept in open for a few days. This is known
as rancidity. it is more common in summer and rainy seasons than in winter. It is always
suggested that cooked food such as cooked vegetables, dough, milk, curd etc must be kept in
refrigerator to prevent rancidity. Generally, chips manufacture flush bags of chips with nitrogen
to check rancidity.
(i) How do potato chips develop foul smell?
(ii) Why are these bags flushed with nitrogen?
(iii) How does refrigeration help in checking rancidity?
(iv) Give full form of BHT which acts as an anti-oxidant.
4. In the given image, a small amount of quick lime is taken in a beaker and water is added to it
slowly. When we touch the beaker, we feel that the temperature of the beaker changes.

(a) What type of reaction is this?

(b) Write the completed balanced equation of above situation.
(c) What happen if dilute H2SO4 is added to beaker instead of water? Mention the reaction.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 19
 ACID, BASE AND SALT
1. If you take some distilled water in a test-tube, add an equal amount of acetic acid to it,
shake the test-tube well and leave it undisturbed on the test-tube stand, then after about
5 minutes, what would you observe?
(a) There is a layer of water over the layer of acetic acid.
(b) A precipitate is settling at the bottom of the test-tube.
(c) Bubbles of colourless gas are coming out of the test-tube.
(d) There is a clear, colourless transparent solution in the test-tube.
2. You are having five solutions A, B, C, D and E with pH values as follows:
A = 1.8, B = 7, C = 8.5, D = 8 and E = 5
Which solution would be most likely to liberate hydrogen with magnesium powder?
(a) Solution A and B (b) Solution A
(c) Solution C (d) All of the above
3. Substances that react with both acids and bases are called:
(a) Acidic substances (b) Amphoteric substances
(c) Conjugate acids (d) None of these
4. Sodium carbonate is a basic salt because it is a salt of:
(a) Strong acid and strong base. (b) Weak acid and weak base.
(c) Strong acid and weak base. (d) Weak acid and strong base.
5. Use of a mild base like _____on the stung area gives relief.
(a) Washing soda (b) Milk of magnesia
(c) Baking soda (d) Calcium carbonate
6. Which of the following observations is true about dilute solution of acetic acid?
(a) It smells like vinegar and turns red litmus blue.
(b) It smells like onion and turns blue litmus red.
(c) It smells like orange and turns red litmus blue.
(d) It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus red.
7. Which of the following correctly represent the parent acid and parent base of sodium
acetate?
(a) Parent acid - HCl; Parent base - Na2SO4
(b)Parent acid - H2SO4; Parent base - KOH
(c) Parent acid - CH3COOH; Parent base – NaOH
(d) Parent acid - HNO3; Parent base - Na2CO3
8. A student prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution in a beaker containing water. The
observations noted by him are given below.
(I) Sodium hydroxide is in the form of pellets.
(II) It dissolves in water readily.
(III) The beaker appears cold when touched from outside.
(IV)The red litmus paper turns blue when dipped into the solution.
The correct observations are:
(a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV
(c) III, IV and I (d) I, II and IV
9. Sodium hydrogen carbonate when added to acetic acid evolves a gas. Which of the
following statements are true about the gas evolved?
1. It turns lime water milky.
2. It extinguishes a burning splinter.
3. It dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide.
4. It has a pungent odour.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c)2, 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
10. Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide
accompanied by liberation of heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Calcium
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 20
 hydroxide dissolves in water to form its solution called lime water. Which among the
following is (are) true about slaking of lime and the solution formed?
1. It is an endothermic reaction.
2. It is an exothermic reaction.
3. The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven.
4. The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
11. Read the following statements:
(I) When a red litmus paper is dipped into reaction mixture of a saponification reaction, it turns
blue and the reaction is exothermic.
(II) When a blue litmus paper is dipped into reaction mixture of a saponification reaction, its
colour does not change and the reaction is exothermic.
(III) When a red litmus paper is dipped into reaction mixture of a saponification reaction, its
colour does not change and the reaction is endothermic.
(IV) When a blue litmus paper is dipped into reaction mixture of a saponification reaction, its
colour does not change and the reaction is endothermic.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) III and IV (d) I and IV
12. The pH of a solution is 4.0. What should be the change in the hydrogen ion concentration
of the solution, if its pH is to be increased to 5.0.
(a) Decreases to of its original concentration. (b) Halved.
(c) Doubled. (d) Increases by 10 times.
13. A student takes about 6 mL distilled water in four test tubes marked P, Q, R and S. He
dissolves sodium sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q, calcium sulphate in R and
magnesium sulphate in S. After that he adds equal amount of soap solution in each test
tube. On shaking these test tubes, he would observe a good amount of lather in the test
tubes marked.
(a) P and Q. (b) Q and R. (c) R and S. (d) P and S.
14. A student takes 2 mL acetic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of sodium hydrogen
carbonate to it. He makes the following observations:
(I) A colorless and odourless gas evolves with a brisk effervescence.
(II) The gas turns lime water milky when passed through it.
(III) The gas burns with an explosion when a burning splinter is brought near it.
(IV) The gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is brought near it.
The correct observations are:
(a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV
(c) III, IV and I (d) IV, I and II
15. What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed with a solution of a base in a test
tube?
1. The temperature of the solution increases.
2. The temperature of the solution decreases.
3. The temperature of the solution remains the same.
4. Salt formation takes place.
(a) 1 only (b)1 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
16. Which of the following is (are) true when HCl (g) is passed through water?
1. It does not ionise in the solution as it is a covalent compound.
2. It ionises in the solution.
3. It gives both hydrogen and hydroxyl ion in the solution.
4. It forms hydronium ion in the solution due to the combination of hydrogen ion with water
molecule.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 21
 (a)1 only (b) 3 only (c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
17. Baking powder is a mixture of:
(a) Sodium carbonate and acetic acid.
(b) Sodium carbonate and tartaric acid.
(c) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid.
(d) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid.
18. You are asked to prepare hard water in your laboratory. Select a group from the
following groups of salts, any salt of which you may dissolve in distilled water to obtain
hard water.
(a) NaCl; Na2SO4; KCl (b) NaCl; CaCl2; KCl
(c) CaCl2; CaSO4; MgSO4 (d) Na2SO4; CaSO4; MgSO4
19. On passing Carbon-dioxide gas through lime water, it turns milky and white precipitate
settle down at the bottom of the test tube. White precipitate is _____________________
(a) Calcium bicarbonate (b) Calcium chloride
(c) Calcium carbonate (d) Calcium hydroxide
20. Match the chemical substances given in Column (A) with their appropriate application
given in Column (B):
Column (A) Column (B)
A. Bleaching powder 1.Preparation of glass
B. Baking soda 2.Production of H2 and Cl2
C. Washing soda 3.Decolourisation
D. Sodium chloride 4.Antacid
(a) A—2, B—1, C—4, D—3 (b) A—3, B—2, C—4, D—1
(c) A—3, B—4, C—1, D—2 (d) A—2, B—4, C—1, D—3
21. Calcium phosphate is present in tooth enamel. Its nature is:
(a) Basic. (b) Acidic. (c)Neutral. (d)Amphoteric.
22. On adding 2 mL acetic acid to 2 mL of water in a test tube, it was observed that:
(a)A clear and transparent solution is formed.
(b)A white precipitate is formed almost immediately.
(c)Two separate layers were formed.
(d) A colourless and odourless gas is evolved.
23. Due to excess passing of CO2 through an aqueous solution of slaked lime, its milkiness
fades because
(a) Calcium carbonate is produced (b) Calcium bi-carbonate is produced
(c) Calcium oxide is produced (d) Due to the production of more heat
24. You are given 3 unknown solutions with pH value as 6, 8 & 9.5 respectively. Which
solution will contain maximum OH⁻ ion?
(a) Solution sample-1 (b) Solution sample-2
(c) Solution sample-3 (d) Data insufficient
25. What is formed when zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide?
(a) Zinc hydroxide and sodium (b) Sodium zincate and hydrogen gas
(c) Sodium zinc-oxide and hydrogen gas (d) Sodium zincate and water
26. In terms of acidic strength, which one of the following is in the correct increasing order?
(a) Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
(b) Water < Hydrochloric acid < Acetic acid
(c) Acetic acid < Water < Hydrochloric acid
(d) Hydrochloric acid < Water < Acetic acid
27. Which of the following acid(s) never forms acidic salt?
A. HCl B. HNO3 C. H₂SO₄ D. H₂CO₃
(a) (A) only (b)(D) only (c)(A) and (D) both (d)(A) and (C) both

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 22
28. Zinc granules on treating with an acid X, form the zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) salt along with
the evolution of a gas Y which burns with a pop sound when brought near to a burning
candle. Identify the acid X and gas evolved Y.
(a) X- Sulphuric acid and Y- Oxygen gas
(b) X- Hydrochloric acid and Y- Oxygen gas
(c) X- Sulphuric acid and Y- Hydrogen gas
(d)X- Hydrochloric acid and Y- Hydrogen gas
29. Identify the products of the following reaction: CaCO3 + HCl ……….
(a) Calcium hydrogen carbonate and chlorine gas
(b) Calcium chloride and water
(c) Calcium oxide, Carbondioxide & water
(d) Calcium chloride, Carbondioxide & water
30. Which of the following salts will dissolve in water to form an alkaline solution?
(a) Potassium carbonate (b) Sodium chloride
(c) Sodium carbonate (d) Potassium sulphate
31. What is the formula of bleaching powder?
(a) CaCl2 (b) CaOCl2 (c) CaO (d) Ca(OH)2
32. Which salt is used for removing permanent hardness of water?
(a) Washing soda (b) Baking soda (c) baking powder (d) Gypsum
33. What is the pH of Baking soda?
(a) Less than 7 (b) More than 7 (c) 7 (d) 14
34. Which gas is used to manufacture of margarine?
(a) Hydrogen (b) Oxygen (c) Chlorine (d) Nitrogen
35. Tooth enamel is made up of
(a) Calcium carbonate (b) Plaster of paris (c) Gypsum (d)Calcium Phosphate
36. A girl met with an accident and his leg fractured. What is 'white, solid hard mass' called
as?
(a) Talcum powder (b) Paris of Plaster
(c) Plaster of Paris (d) Copper sulphate
37. Which property of plaster of Paris powder makes it a suitable building material?
(a) It is lightweight (b) It is white in colour
(c) It is found readily in nature (d) It gets hard when mixed with water
38. A scale for measuring H+ ion concentration in a solution is a pH scale. What will be the
effect on pH when diluting an acid?
(a) Decreases. (b) Remains the same.
(c) Increases. (d) No effect.
39. The diagram shown below depicts reaction of water with acids. What will happen if
water is added in the acid?

(a) Cause mixture to splash out (b) Break the glass container
(c) Gets mixed with acid easily (d) Both a and b
40. Acids produce __________ ions on dissolving in water.
(a) Oxygen (b) Nitrogen (c) Hydronium (d) Carbon
41. Which gas is present at anode in the diagram? (Chol- Alkali process)

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 23
 (a) Cl2 (b) H2 (c) N2 (d) O2
43. Which of the following will turn blue litmus red?
(a) dry HCl (b) Aq. HCl (c) HCl sol. in benzene (d) All of the above
44. Which of the following is a neutral salt?
(a)NaCl (b)Na2SO4 (c) KCl (d) All of the above
45. Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
(a) Curd and sour food substances contain acids.
(b) Acidic substances combine with metal
(c) Food becomes poisonous which damage people’s health.
(d) All of the above
46. You are given four unknown solutions I, II, III, and IV. The pH values of these solutions
are 3, 7, 8 and 10 respectively. Among the given solutions, Which solution has the
highest hydrogen ion concentration?
(a)I (b) II (c) III 9d) IV
47. Select from the following compounds which is not a base:
(a) Sodium hydroxide (b) Calcium hydroxide
(c) Sodium sulphate (d) Zinc oxide
48. Select a pair of olfactory indicators from the following :
(a) Clove oil and vanilla essence (b) Onion and turmeric
(c) Clove oil and litmus solution (d) Vanilla and methyl orange
49. Some of the uses of washing soda are given below:
A. It is used for removing the permanent hardness of water
B. It is used in the glass industry
C. It is used in the paper industry
D. It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds such as borax.
Select the correct option regarding the use of washing soda.
(a) A and B only (b) B and C only
(c) B and D only (d) A, B, C, and D only
50. During the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas on a humid day, the gas is usually
passed through the guard tube containing calcium chloride. The role of calcium
chloride taken in the guard tube is to:
(a) Absorb the evolved gas. (c) Moisten the gas.
b) Absorb moisture from the gas. (d) Absorb Cl- ions from the evolved gas
51. You have four test tubes, A, B, C and D containing sodium carbonate, sodium chloride,
lime water and blue litmus solutions respectively. Out of these the material of which
test tube/test tubes would be suitable for the correct test of acetic/ethanoic acid?
(a)Only A (b) A and B (c) B and C (d) A and D
52. Equal volumes of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions of same
concentration are mixed and the pH of the resulting solution is checked with a pH
paper. What would be the colour obtained?
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 24
 (a)Red. (b) Yellow. (c) Yellowish green. (d) Blue.
53. An acid (A) with sodium hydrogen carbonate is used in making the cakes fluffy and
spongy. It is due to the release of (B) gas in the reaction. Here, A and B are:
(a) A : Oxalic acid : B : CO2 (c) A : Tartaric acid : B : O2
(b) A : succinic acid : B : H2 (d) A : Tartaric acid : B : CO2
54. The pH of a solution is 5.0. Its hydrogen ion concentration is decreased by 100 times,
the solution will be:
(a) More acidic. (b) Basic. (c) Neutral. (d) Unaffected.
55. The reagent used to distinguish iron (II) chloride and iron (III) chloride is:
(a)Distilled water. (b) NaOH. (c) Dil. HCI. (d) Warm water.
56. Juice of tamarind turns blue litmus to red. It is because of the presence of an acid
called :
(a) methanoic acid (b) acetic acid (c) tartaric acid (d) oxalic acid
57. Select a pair of natural indicator from the following:
(a) Litmus and methyl orange (b) Turmeric and Litmus
(c) Phenolphthalein and methyl orange (d) Methyl orange and Turmeric
58. A chemical compound used in glass, soap and paper industries is
(a) Washing Soda (b) Baking Soda (c) Bleaching Powder (d) Common Salt
59. An aqueous solution of a salt turns blue litmus to red. The salt could be the one
obtained by the reaction of:
(a) HNO3 and NaOH (b) H2SO4 and KOH (c) CH3COOH and NaOH (d) HCl and NH4OH
60. Four solutions, namely glucose, alcohol, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid filled
in four separate beakers are connected one by one in an electric circuit with a bulb.
The solutions in which the bulb will glow when current is passed are:
(a) Glucose and alcohol (b) Alcohol and hydrochloric acid
(c) Glucose and sulphuric acid (d) Hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid
61. The aqueous solution of which one of the following salts will have pH more than seven?
(a) NH4Cl (b) NaCl (c) Na2CO3 (d) NaNO3
62. Select from the following compounds which is not a base:
(a) Sodium hydroxide (b) Calcium hydroxide (c) Sodium sulphate (d) Zinc oxide
63. 2 g of yellow sulphur powder is burnt in a china dish and the fumes are collected in a
test tube. Water is added in the test tube and the solution is tested separately with blue
and red litmus paper. The correct option is :
(a) Blue litmus remains blue and red litmus turns blue.
(b) Blue litmus turns red and red litmus remains red.
(c) Blue litmus turns red and red litmus turns blue.
(d) Blue litmus remains blue and red litmus remains red
64. When sodium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, the gas evolved is :
(a) Hydrogen; it gives pop sound with burning match stick.
(b) Hydrogen; it turns lime water milky.
(c) Carbon dioxide; it turns lime water milky.
(d) Carbon dioxide; it blows off a burning match stick with a pop sound.
65. The salt present in tooth enamel is :
(a) Calcium phosphate (b) Magnesium phosphate
(c) Sodium phosphate (d) Aluminium phosphate
66. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is prepared in distilled water.
The pH of this solution is:
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 3
67. Acid present in tomato is:
(a) Methanoic acid (b) Acetic acid (c) Lactic acid (d) Oxalic acid
68. Sodium hydroxide is termed an alkali while Ferric hydroxide is not because :
(a) Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, while Ferric hydroxide is a weak base.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 25
 (b) Sodium hydroxide is a base which is soluble in water while Ferric hydroxide is also a base
but it is not soluble in water.
(c) Sodium hydroxide is a strong base while Ferric hydroxide is a strong acid.
(d) Sodium hydroxide and Ferric hydroxide both are strong base but the solubility of Sodium
hydroxide in water is comparatively higher than that of Ferric hydroxide.
69. Select a pair of olfactory indicators from the following:
(a) Clove oil and vanilla essence (b) Onion and turmeric
(c) Clove oil and litmus solution (d) Vanilla and methyl orange
70. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. To delay its curdling, a chemical substance is added to it, which
is:
(a) Sodium carbonate (b) Baking powder
(c) Sodium hydroxide (Caustic soda) (d) Baking soda
71. Hydronium ions are formed by the reaction between:
(a) Sodium hydroxide and water (b) Calcium chloride and water
(c) Hydrogen chloride gas and water (d) Ethanol and water
73. A visually challenged student has to perform a lab test to detect the presence of acid in a
given solution. The acid-base indicator preferred by him will be :
(a) Blue litmus (b) Clove oil
(c)Red cabbage extract (d) Hibiscus extract
74. An aqueous solution ‘A’ turns phenolphthalein solution pink. On addition of an aqueous
solution ‘B’ to ‘A’, the pink colour disappears. The following statement is true for
solution ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(a) A is strongly basic and B is a weak base.
(b) A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid.
(c) A has pH greater than 7 and B has pH less than 7.
(d) A has pH less than 7 and B has pH greater than 7.
75. If 10 mL of H2SO4 is mixed with 10 mL of Mg(OH)2 of the same concentration, the
resultant solution will give the following colour with universal indicator :
(a) Red (b) Yellow (c) Green (d) Blue
76. The oxide which can react with HCl as well as KOH to give corresponding salt and water
is
(a) CuO (b) Al2O3 (c) Na2O (d) K2O
77. A chemical compound used in glass, soap and paper industries is
(a) Washing Soda (b) Baking Soda
(c) Bleaching Powder (d) Common Salt
78. When 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to few pieces of granulated zinc in a
test tube and then warmed, the reaction that occurs can be written in the form of a
balanced chemical equation as:
(a) NaOH + Zn  NaZnO2 + H2O (b) 2NaOH + Zn  Na2ZnO2 + H2
(c) 2NaOH + Zn  NaZnO2 + H2 (d) 2NaOH + Zn  Na2ZnO2 + H2O
79. Consider the following compounds:
FeSO4; CuSO4; CaSO4; Na2CO3
The compound having maximum number of water of crystallisation in its crystalline
form in one molecule is:
(a) FeSO4 (b) CuSO4 (c) CaSO4 (d) Na2CO3
80. The table below has information regarding pH and the nature of four different solutions.
Which one of the options in the table is correct?
Solution Colour of pH paper Approximate pH value Nature of solution
(a) Lemon juice Orange 3 Basic
(b) Milk of magnesia Blue 10 Basic
(c) Gastric juice Red 6 Acidic
(d) Pure water Yellow 7 Neutral
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 26
81. In the experimental set up given below, it is observed that on passing the gas produced
in the reaction in the solution “X” the solution “X” first turns milky and then colourless.

The option that justifies the above stated observation is that “X” is aqueous calcium
hydroxide and
(a) It turns milky due to carbon dioxide gas liberated in the reaction an after sometime it
becomes colourless due to formation of calcium carbonate.
(b) It turns milky due to formation of calcium carbonate and on passing excess of carbon-
dioxide it becomes colourless due to formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate which is soluble
in water.
(c) It turns milky due to passing of carbon dioxide through it. It turns colourless as on further
passing carbon dioxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed which is soluble in water.
(d) The carbon dioxide liberated during the reaction turns lime water milky due to formation
of calcium carbonate which is soluble in water.
82. Acid present in tomato is :
(a) Methanoic acid (b) Acetic acid (c) Lactic acid (d) Oxalic acid
83. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. To delay its curdling, a chemical substance is added to it, which
is :
(a) Sodium carbonate (b) Baking powder
(c) Sodium hydroxide (Caustic soda) (d) Baking soda (Sodium hydrogen carbonate)
84. Few drops of aqueous solution of ammonium chloride are put on a universal indicator
paper. The paper turns pink
Study the following table and choose the correct option.
Nature Ammonium chloride is a salt of …… Range of pH
(a) acidic Weak acid and strong base Less than 7
(b) Basic Weak acid and strong base More than 7
(c) Acidic Strong acid and weak base Less than 7
(d) Basic Strong acid and string base 7
85. Two salts “X” and “Y” are dissolved in water separately. When phenolphthalein is added
to these two solutions, the solution “X” turns pink and the solution “Y” does not show
any change in colour, therefore “X” and “Y” are
(X) (Y)
(a) Na2CO3 NH4Cl
(b) Na2SO4 NaHCO3
(c) NH4Cl Na2SO4
(d) NaNO3 Na2SO4
86. Vinay observed that the stain of curry on a white shirt becomes reddish-brown when
soap is scrubbed on it, but it turns yellow again when the shirt is washed with plenty of
water. What might be the reason for his observation?
i. Soap is acidic in nature
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 27
 ii. Soap is basic in nature
iii. Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in bases
iv. Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in acids
(a) i and ii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iv (d)ii and iv
87. In which of the following setups would the bulb glow?

(a) i and ii (b) i and iv (c) ii, iii and iv (d) i, ii and iv
88. The table give below shows the reaction of a few elements with acids and bases to evolve
hydrogen gas.

Element Acid Base

A x x
B √ √
C √ x
D √ √

Which of these elements form amphoteric oxides?

(a) A and D (b) B and D (c) A and C (d) B and D
89. Four acid solutions hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid and citric acid were
taken in test tubes A, B, C and D respectively and zinc granules are added in all the test
tubes simultaneously. In which test tubes, large numbers of bubbles are observed?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
90. Why are bubbles formed in the soap solution in following experimental set –up?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 28
 (a) On passing hydrogen gas through soap solution it does not get dissolved in it, and the
solution easily form bubbles containing hydrogen gas.
(b) Because hydrogen gas combines with oxygen present in water and form bubbles.
(c) Hydrogen gas lighter than water so that they escape out by forming bubbles,
(d) None of these.
91. Which of the following metal does not react with base?
(a) Zinc (b) Lead (c) Calcium (d) Tin
92. Mixing an acid or base with water results in _____________in the concentration of ions
(H3O+/OH–) per unit volume. Such a process is called ________________.
(a) Increase, concentration (b) Decrease, dilution
(c) Decrease, concentration (d) Increase, dilution
93. Which of the following statement/s is/are correct regarding pH scale?
(i) Higher the hydronium ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
(ii) pH generally from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline) can be measured on pH scale.
(iii) pH scale is used for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
(iv) Lower the hydronium ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
(a) (i) and (ii) only (b) (ii) only
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii)only (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only
94. Which of the following range of pH is incorrect?
(a) Rain water  Below 5.6 (b) Milk of magnesia  10
(c) Gastric juice  1.2 (d) Sting of honey bee  9
95. Which of the following combination gives common salt?
(a) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
(b)Sodium carbonate and Sulphuric acid
(c) Potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
(d) Sodium sulphate and nitric acid
96. Which of the following water of crystallisation of salt is incorrect?
(a) Blue vitriol  Copper sulphate trihydrate
(b) Green vitriol  Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate
(c) Gypsum  Copper sulphate dehydrate
(d) Washing soda  Sodium carbonate decahydrate
97. 10 mL of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL of a given
solution of HCl. If we take 20 mL of the same solution of NaOH, the amount HCl solution
(the same solution as before) required to neutralise it will be
(a) 4 mL (b) 8 mL (c) 12 mL (d) 16 mL
98. When hydrochloric acid is added to barium hydroxide, a white-coloured compound is
formed. Which option gives the complete chemical reaction?
(a)HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O
(b) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O
(c) 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaH2 + 2HCl + O2
(d) HCl + 2Ba(OH)2BaCl2 + 2H2O + O2
99. A solution of pH 2 is filled in two separate beakers. A few drops of methyl orange and
phenolphthalein are added into separate solutions. How will the colour of the indicators
change?
(a) Methyl orange: red; phenolphthalein: pink
(b) Methyl orange: orange; phenolphthalein: pink
(c) Methyl orange: Red; phenolphthalein: colourless
(d) Methyl orange: orange; phenolphthalein: colourless
100. A student makes an arrangement to test the electrical conductivity of distilled water as
shown. The student observes that the bulb does not glow. What could be the reason the
bulb does not glow?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 29
 (a) The bulb needs DC source to glow
(b) The water never conducts electricity
(c) The graphite is bad conductor of electricity
(d) The distilled water does not have ions present in it
101. Which of these graphs shows how the pH of milk changes as it forms curd?

102. Observe the table which shows different colours produced by universal indicator in A,
B, C, and D.

SOLUTION COLOUR OF UNIVERSAL INDICATOR

A Blue
B Green
C Red
D Violet

Which of them is strongly basic?

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
103. A sample of ammonium sulphate is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The gas produced
(a) turns red litmus paper blue (b) turns lime water milky
(c) both of the above (d) None of the above
104. Bitter gourd is
(a)Acidic (b) Alkaline (c) Neutral (d) Amphoteric

ASSERTION AND REASON

1. Assertion: Antacids neutralize the effect of extra acid produced in the stomach during
indigestion and thus provide relief.
Reason: Antacids are mild bases.
2. Assertion: Cl is a stronger acid than acetic acid.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 30
 Reason: On dissociation, HCl yields lesser hydrogen ions for the same concentration as
compared to acetic acid.
3. Assertion: Higher the H+ ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
Reason: The pH of a neutral solution = 7, that of a basic solution< 7 and that of an acidic
solution> 7.
4. Assertion: The pH of sodium chloride solution is seven.
Reason: Salt of strong acid and a strong base are acidic in nature.
5. Assertion: pH = 7 signifies pure water.
Reason: pH of acetic acid is greater than 7.
6. Assertion: Salt of KNO3 is formed by strong base and weak acid.
Reason: Salt of NH4Cl is formed by weak base and strong acid.
7. Assertion: Bleaching powder reacts with dilute acids to evolve chlorine.
Reason: The chlorine liberated by the action of dilute acids on bleaching powder is called
available chlorine.
8. Assertion: AlCl3 is a basic salt.
Reason: AlCl3 is a salt of strong acid and a weak base.
9. Assertion: Acetic acid does not act as an acid in benzene solution.
Reason: Benzene is non-polar.
10. Assertion: Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5.
Reason: Enamel starts corroding below 5.5 pH.
11. Assertion: Baking soda is prepared by chlor-alkali process.
Reason: Brine decomposes to sodium hydroxide on passing electricity through it.
12. Assertion: The chemical name of bleaching powder is calcium oxychloride.
Reason: Bleaching powder is used as an oxidising agent in chemical industries.
13. Assertion: The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is highly exothermic reaction.
Reason: Water must always be added slowly to acid with constant stirring.
14. Assertion: Strength of the acid or base decreases with dilution.
Reason: Ionization of an acid or a base increase with dilution.
15. Assertion: Sodium carbonate pentahydrate is also known as washing soda.
Reason: Chief raw materials for the manufacture of washing soda are NH3, NaCl and CaCO3.
16. Assertion: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CaSO4.½H2Ois called plaster of Paris.
Reason: Plaster of Paris is used for producing moulds for pottery and ceramics and casts of
statues.
17. Assertion: On heating, gypsum gets converted into plaster of Paris.
Reason: Gypsum loses water molecules on heating at 373K temperature.
18. Assertion: pH of ammonium nitrate solution is acidic.
Reason: Solution of a salt of weak base and strong acid is acidic.
19. Assertion: Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.
Reason: Phenolphthalein gives different colours in acidic and basic medium
20. Assertion: CH3COOH is used as vinegar in cooking and food preservatives.
Reason: Strong acids are those acids which ionise almost completely in aqueous solution and
hence produce a large amount of H+ ions.
21. Assertion: It is advised that while diluting an acid one should add water to acid to water
keeping the solution continuously stirred.
Reason: The process of dissolving an acid into water is highly exothermic.
SECTION B
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 31
1. (a) Write the chemical name and molecular formula of Plaster of Paris. Why should it be stored
in a moisture proof container?
2. What is a neutralisation reaction? Write the chemical equation for a neutralisation reaction
and write the name of the salt produced.
3. 1 gram of solid sodium chloride was taken in a clean and dry test tube and concentrated
sulphuric acid was added to it.
(i) Name the gas evolved in the reaction.
(ii) What will be observed when this gas is tested with (I) dry, and (II) wet blue litmus paper?
Write your conclusion about the nature (acidic/basic) of this gas.
4. Two solutions X and Y give red and blue colour respectively with universal indicator.
(a) In which solution is the hydrogen ion concentration more than the other ? Justify your
answer.
(b) If X and Y are mixed in proper amounts and the resultant mixture is tested with a universal
indicator, it turns green. What is the nature of the salt formed ? Justify your answer
5. A compound X on heating at 373 K loses water molecules and becomes Y. Substance Y is used
by doctors for supporting fractured bones in the right position.
(i) Identify X and Y .
(ii) How can we obtain X from Y?
6. (i) A compound “X” which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed
with proper quantity of water. Identify X and write its chemical formula.
(ii) State the difference in chemical composition between baking soda and baking powder.
7. On heating “X” at 373 K, it loses water molecules and becomes “Y”. “Y” is a substance which
doctors use for supporting fractured bones in the right position.
(i) Identify X and Y.
(ii) How can X be reobtained from Y?
8. Two solutions M and N give Red and Blue colour respectively with a universal indicator.
(i) In which solution will the hydrogen ion concentration be more ? Justify your answer.
(ii) If both M and N solutions are mixed and the resultant mixture is tested with a universal
indicator, it turns green. What is the nature of the salt formed ? Justify your answer.
9. What happens to the crystals of washing soda when exposed to air? Name the phenomenon
exhibited.
10. Complete blanks (i) to (v) in the following passage:
A solution X turns blue litmus red, so it must contain _________ (i)________ ions, another Y turns red
litmus blue and therefore, must contain _________ (ii)________ ions. When solutions X and Y are
mixed together, the products will be a _________ (iii)________ and _________ (iv)________ . If a piece of
magnesium were put into solution X _________ (v)________ gas would be evolved.
11. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also give the common
method to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant sting.
12. How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?
13. What is an olfactory indicator? Name two olfactory indicators. What is the effect of adding
sodium hydroxide solution to these olfactory indicators?
14. Why should curd and other sour foodstuffs (like lemon juice, etc.) not be kept in metal
containers (such as copper and brass vessels)?
15. Write effect of acid and base on
(a) Methyl orange (b) Phenolphthalein
SECTION C
1. Consider the following salts : (i) XCl (ii) NH4Y (iii) ZCO3 Answer the following questions giving
reason in each case.
(a) If ‘X’ is sodium, what is the pH of XCl ?
(b) If ‘Y’ is sulphate, what colour would the aqueous solution of NH4Y give when a few drops of
universal indicator are added to it ?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 32
 (c)If ‘Z’ is calcium, what would be the change in colour in blue litmus paper when a drop of
ZCO3 is poured on it ?
2. (a) What is meant by the term pH of a solution ? The pH of rain water collected from two cities
‘A’ and ‘B’ was found to be 6.1 and 5.3 respectively. The water of which city is more acidic ?
Justify your answer. State with reason what would happen to the aquatic life of a pond in which
the rain water of city ‘B’ flows.
(b) (i) Identify the acid and the base from which the following salts are obtained : (I) Sodium
chloride (II) Ammonium sulphate (ii) Write the nature, acidic/basic/neutral, of each of the
above mentioned salts, giving reason for your answer.
3. (i) The pH of a sample of tomato juice is 4.6. How is this juice likely to be in taste? Give reason
to justify your answer.
(ii) How do we differentiate between a strong acid and weak base in terms of ion –formation in
aqueous solutions?
(iii) The acid rain can make the survival of aquatic animals difficult. How?
4. Write the common name and the chemical name of the compound CaSO4.½ H2O. Write the
method of its preparation. Give chemical equation for the reaction, when water reacts with
CaSO4 . ½ H2O.
5. Suggest an activity to differentiate between the chemical properties (acidic or basic character)
of the product obtained on burning a metal (magnesium) and a non-metal (sulphur).
You have three test tubes containing three colourless liquids, say conc. sulphuric acid, conc.
solution of sodium hydroxide and conc. solution of sodium sulphate. You also have strips of pH
paper.
(a) How would identify these three liquids using pH paper strips ?
(b) Which two liquids, when mixed together in proper quantities can form a neutral salt
solution ?
(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that will occur between the two liquids mixed
in (b).
6. (a) Suggest one remedial measure each to counteract the change in pH in human beings in
following cases:
(i) Production of too much acid in stomach during indigestion
(ii) Stung by a honey bee/ nettle leaves.
(b) Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd will its pH increase or decrease? Why?
7. (a) Sometimes the pH of our mouth gets lower than 5.5. Why?
(b) A basic salt “X” is obtained by heating baking soda followed by crystallisation. Identify X
and state its two industrial uses.
(c) Why do copper sulphate crystals turn white on heating?
8. (a) A solution has a pH of 7. Explain how you would
(i) Increase its pH.
(ii) Decrease its pH.
(b) If a solution changes the colour of litmus from red to blue, what can you say about its pH?
(c) What can you say about the pH of a solution that liberates carbon dioxide from Sodium
carbonate?
9. Sulphuric acid can be used to prepare number of gases in the laboratory. Write balanced
equations for reactions in which the following gases are obtained using sulphuric acid as one of
the reactants.
(a) Hydrogen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Sulphur dioxide
10. (a) The pH value of pure water is 7. Compare the pH values of Sulphur dioxide solution and
Ammonia solution with that of pure water.
(b) Name :
(i) Two bases which are not alkalies
(ii) a normal salt and acid salt of same acid.
(iii) a salt insoluble in cold water but soluble in hot water.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 33
11. Salt A commonly used in bakery products on heating gets converted into another salt B which
itself is used for removal of hardness of water and a gas C is evolved. The gas C when passed
through lime water, turns it milky. Identify A, B and C.
12. In one of the industrial processes used for manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed
as by product. The gas X reacts with lime water to give a compound Y which is used as a
bleaching agent in chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving the chemical equation of the
reactions involved.
13. Fill in the missing data in the following table

14. Identify the compound X on the basis of the reactions given below. Also, write the name and
chemical formulae of A, B and C.

SECTION D
1. (i) Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with pH paper shows pH as 4, 1, 13, 7 and 10
respectively. Which solution is:
(1) Strongly acidic (2) Strongly alkaline (3) Weakly acidic (4) Neutral
And (5) Weakly alkaline? Arrange the solutions in increasing order of H+ ion concentration.
(ii) Write the name and formula of (1) an acidic salt and (2) a basic salt giving the name of the
parent base used to form the slat in each case.
2. Name and state in brief the process which is used to prepare sodium hydroxide form sodium
chloride. Th this process along with the main product two gases X and Y are also given off at
the two electrodes. Name X and Y specifying the name of their respective electrode at which
each gas is obtained. One of these gases when reacts with dry calcium hydroxide produces a
compound Z which is widely used in water treatment plants and textile industries. Name Z and
write chemical equation for the reaction involved in its formation.
3. Explain chlor-alkali process and write balanced chemical equations for the reactions that
occur. Name the gases obtained at the anode and cathode respectively. Mention two uses each
of the two gases obtained in the above process.
4. Common salt is a very important raw material as many compounds of industrial use can be
prepared from it. Explain, giving chemical equations, the method of preparation of washing
soda from sodium chloride. List four industrial/domestic uses of washing soda.
5. Name and explain the process used to obtain sodium hydroxide from the aqueous solution of
sodium chloride (Brine). Name the two gases which are given at the anode and the cathode
respectively. List two uses of each of these gases.
6. (i) An aqueous solution turns blue litmus red. Which of the following solutions when added in
excess would reverse the change ?
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 34
 (a) Lemon juice (b) Magnesium hydroxide (c) Vinegar (d) Calcium sulphate
(ii) Out of the following, which compound/compounds will turn the phenolphthalein solution
pink ?
(a) CH3COOH (b) Ca(OH)2 (c) HCl (d) NaOH
(iii) Name a gas whose aqueous solution is basic. Write the formula/name of this solution.
(iv) A basic substance is used to treat a honey-bee sting. Why ?
(v) Name the acid which is present in (1) Tomato and (2) Tamarind.
7. (i) Define water of crystallisation.
(ii) Write the chemical name and formula of a compound having water of crystallisation in its
molecule and appears blue.
(iii) Write the chemical formula of bleaching powder. Write a balanced chemical equation of
the reaction involved in its preparation. List its three uses.
8. Write balanced chemical equation to support each of the following statement given below.
(a) Basic oxide+ acid  Salt + water
(b) Amphoteric oxide + acid  salt + water
(c) Alkali + acid  salt + water
(d) Metal + acid  Salt + Hydrogen
(e) Metal carbonate + acid  Salt + water + carbon dioxide
9. A dry pellet of a common base B, when kept in open absorbs moisture and turns sticky. The
compound is also a by–product of chlor-alkali process. Identify B. What type of reaction occurs
when B is treated with an acidic oxide? Write a balanced chemical equation for one such
solution.
10. A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic Table is a white, soft substance, which can be
moulded into different shapes by making its dough. When this compound is left in open for
some time, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be used for moulding purposes. Identify the
sulphate salt and why does it show such a behaviour? Give the reaction involved.

SECTION E
1. The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the students into three
groups and gave them various solutions to find out their pH and classify them into acidic, basic
and neutral solutions.
Group A Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink
Group B Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice
Group C Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water
(a)For the solutions provided, which group is/are likely to have pH value (i) less than 7, and
(ii) greater than 7 ?
(b)List two ways of determining pH of a solution
(c)Explain, why the sour substances such as lemon juice are effective in cleaning the tarnished
copper vessels.
(d)pH has great importance in our daily lie. Justify this statement by giving two examples.
2. In an experiment, finely chopped onions were stored overnight in a plastic bag along with strips
of clean cloth, which were later used to test for acids and bases. The odour of the cloth strips was
checked, followed by adding a few drops of dilute HCl solution on one strip and dilute NaOH
solution on the other. After rinsing the strips with water, the odour was checked again.
Additionally, vanilla essence and clove oil were tested with dilute HCl and NaOH solutions to
observe any changes in odour.
(a) Based on your observations, which of these substances – vanilla, onion, and clove – can be
used as olfactory indicators for acids and bases?
(b) What is the reason for the observed change in odour when vanilla essence or clove oil is
exposed to an acid or a base?
(c) What does the change in odour suggest about the chemical interaction of acids and bases
with these substances?
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 35
3. Take 5 mL of dilute sulphuric acid in a test tube and add a few zinc granules As shown in the
set up

(a) What do you observe on the surface of the zinc granules after adding the acid?
(b) Why do bubbles form in the soap solution when the gas evolved is passed through it?
(c) When you bring a burning candle near the gas-filled bubbles, what happens? Explain the
observation.

CHAPTER: METALS AND NON-METALS

1. Which of the following are refined by electrolytic for magnesium metal refining?
(i) Zn (ii) Cu (iii) Al (iv)Na
(a)(i) and (ii) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
2. Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of a metal with a metal or non-metal. Which among
the following alloys contain non-metal as one of its constituents?
(a) Brass. (b) Bronze. (c) Amalgam (d) Steel.
3. A student puts one big iron nail each in four test tubes containing solutions of zinc
sulphate, aluminium sulphate, copper sulphate and iron sulphate. A reddish-browning
was observed only on the surface of iron nail which was put in the solution of:
(a) Zinc sulphate. (b) Iron sulphate.
(c) Copper sulphate. (d)Aluminium sulphate.
4. Hydrogen gas is not widely used as a reducing agent because:
(a) Hydrogen decomposes to atomic hydrogen at higher temperature.
(b) Risk of explosion with water.
(c) Hydrogen isomerises to ortho hydrogen at higher temperature.
(d) Many metals form hydrides at lower temperatures.
5. An element A is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be
kept open in air. It reacts vigorously with water. Identify the element from the following.
(a) Mg (b) Na (c) P (d) Ca
6. 2mL each of concentrated HCl, HNO3 and a mixture of concentrated HCl and
concentrated HNO3 in the ratio of 3 : 1 were taken in test tubes labelled as A, B and C. A
small piece of metal was put in each test tube. No change occurred in test tubes A and B
but the metal got dissolved in test tube C respectively. The metal could be:
(a)Al (b) Au (c) Cu (d) Pt
7. The elements whose oxides can turn phenolphthalein solution pink are:
(a)Na and K. b) K and C. c)Na and S. d) K and P.
8. An electrolytic cell consists of:
(i) positively charged cathode
(ii) negatively charged anode
(iii) positively charged anode
(iv) negatively charged cathode
a) (i) and (ii) b) (iii) and (iv) c) (i) and (iii) d) (ii) and (iv)
9. The metal which can be extracted from the bauxite ore is:
a) Na b) Mn c) Al d) Hg
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 36
10. The articles made of silver metal become dark on prolonged exposure to air. This is due
to the formation of a layer of its:
a)Oxide. b) Hydride. c) Sulphide d) Carbonate.
11. The colours of aqueous solution of CuSO4 and FeSO4 as observed in the laboratory are:
a) Pale green and light blue respectively.
b) Light blue and dark green respectively.
c) Dark blue and dark green respectively.
d) Dark blue and pale green respectively.
12. Which among the following statements is incorrect for magnesium metal?
a) It burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame.
b) It reacts with cold water to form magnesium oxide and evolves hydrogen gas.
c) It reacts with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas.
d) It reacts with steam to form magnesium hydroxide and evolves hydrogen gas.
13. To show that zinc is a more active metal than copper, the correct procedure is to:
a) Add dilute nitric acid on strips of both the metals.
b) Observe transmission of heat through strips of zinc and copper.
c) Prepare solution of zinc sulphate and hang strip of copper into it.
d) Prepare e solution of copper sulphate and hang strip of zinc into it.
14. What happens when calcium is treated with water?
1. It does not react with water.
2. It reacts violently with water.
3. It reacts less violently with water.
4. Bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of calcium.
a)1 and 4 b) 2 and 3 c)1 and 3 d) 2 and 4
15. Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils. Which of the following properties of
aluminium are responsible for the same?
1. Good thermal conductivity.
2. Good electrical conductivity.
3. Ductility.
4. High melting point.
a)1 and 2 b)1 and 3 c) 2 and 3 d) 1 and 4
16. Which of the following pair of reactants can undergo a displacement reaction under
appropriate conditions?
a) MgSO4 + Fe. b) ZnSO4 + Fe. c)MgSO4 + Pb. d) CuSO4 + Fe.
17. Zinc blende ore can be converted into zinc oxide by the process of:
a)Roasting. b) Hydrogenation. c)Chlorination. d) Calcination.
18. Out of KCl, HCl, CCl4 and NaCl, the compounds which are not ionic are:
a)KCl and HCl. b) HCl and CCl4. c)CCl4 and NaCl. d) KCl and CCl4.
19. An element X forms two oxides XO and XO2. The oxide XO is neutral but XO2 is acidic in
nature. The element X is most likely to be:
a)Sulphur. b) Carbon. c)Calcium. d) Hydrogen.
20. On the basis of the sequence of the given reactions identify the most and least reactive
elements:
X + YA → XA + Y ...(i)
X + YB → XB + Y ...(ii)
Z + XA → ZA + X
a)X and Z b) Y and Z c)Z and X d) Z and Y
21. Which of the following reactions not occur?
a)2AgNO3(aq) + Zn(s) →Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s) c)
b)CuSO4(aq) +Zn(s) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
c) 2AgNO3(aq) + Fe(s) → Fe(NO3)2(aq) +2Ag(s)
d)CuSO4(aq) +2Ag(s)→Cu(s)+Ag2SO4(aq)
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 37
22. Which of these metals requires electricity for extraction from its ore?
a) Zinc b) Silver c) Copper d) Aluminium
23. Which of the following is the correct observation of the refining of metals process shown
in the above set up? (Refining of copper)
a) Mud gets mixed up with solution of copper sulphate.
b) Insoluble impurities containing silver and gold gets deposited at the bottom of anode.
c) Anode gets destroyed while removing the impurities.
d) Brown gas evolved after the deposition of impurities at the bottom.
24. All the non-metals are solids or gases, except __________ which is a liquid non-metal at the
room temperature.
a) Neon b) Argon c) Bromine d) Helium
25. Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because
a) Zinc is costlier b) Zinc has high melting point
c) Zinc is more reactive d) Zinc is less reactive
26. Electrolytic reduction process is used for the extraction of
a) Alkali metals b) Alkaline earth metals
c) Aluminium d) All of these
27. Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?
a) Ferrous sulphate solution and copper metal
b) Silver nitrate and copper metal
c) Copper sulphate and silver metal
d) Sodium chloride and copper metal
28. Which of the following is the correct arrangement of the given metals in ascending order
of their reactivity?
a) Zinc > Iron > Magnesium > Sodium
b) Sodium > Calcium > mercury > Gold
c) Calcium > Potassium > Gold > Iron
d) Potassium > Sodium > zinc > Aluminium
29. What is the nature of carbon –monoxide?
a) Acidic b) Basic c) Neutral d) Amphoteric
a) i and ii b) i and iii c) ii and iii d) i and iv
30. Reaction between X and Y forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron.
Which of the following properties is not shown by Z?
a) Has high melting point
b) Has low melting point
c) Conducts electricity in molten state
d) Occurs as solid
31. In thermite welding a mixture of ________________ and ______________ is ignited with a buring
magnesium ribbon which produces molten iron metal as large amount of heat is
evolved.
a) Iron (III) oxide and aluminium powder
b) Iron (II) oxide and aluminium powder
c) Iron (III) chloride and aluminium powder
d) Iron (III) sulphate and aluminium powder
32. The process in which a carbonate ore is heated strongly in the absence of air to convert
it into metal oxide is called
a) Roasting b) Reduction
c) Calcination d) Smelting
33. The highly reactive metals like sodium, potassium, magnesium, are extracted by the:
a) Electrolysis of their molten chloride
b) Electrolysis of their molten oxides
c) Reduction by aluminium
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 38
 d) Reduction by carbon
34. Which of the following is an acidic oxide?
a) Na2O b) CO c) CO2 d) Al2O3
35. Graphite is an:
a) Isotopes of carbon b) Allotrope of carbon
c) Alloy of carbon d) None of these
36. Which of the following oxide(s) is/are soluble in water to form alkalies?
i) Na2O (ii)SO2 iii) K2O iv) NO2
a) (i) and (iii) b) Only (i)
c) (ii) and (iv) d) Only (iii)
37. The diagram shows the reaction between metal and dilute acid
What is the reason for different behaviour of Mg in test tube B?

a) Mg is lighter element than dil. HCl

b) Mg reacts with dil. HCl to produce H2 gas which helps in floating
c) Mg reacts with dil. HCl to produce N2 gas which helps in floating
d) Mg reacts with dil. HCl to produce CO2 gas which helps in floating
38. Which of the following does not conduct electricity?
a) Solid KCl b)Fused KCl c)Aluminium d)Iron
39. Which metal is associated with Chlorophyll?
a) Calcium b) Aluminium c) Magnesium d)Iron
40. Which metal is associated with haemoglobin?
a) Calcium b) Aluminium c) Magnesium d)Iron
41. Calcium and magnesium, the metal starts floating due to bubbles of ____________ sticking to
its surface.
a) Hydrogen gas b) Oxygen gas c) Nitrogen gas d)Carbon-dioxide gas
42. Which one of the following metals do not react with cold as well as hot water?
a) Na b) Ca c) Mg d) Fe
43. An element A is soft and can be cut with a knife. This very reactive to air and cannot be
kept open in the air. It reacts vigorously with water. Identify the element from the
following:
a) Mg b) Na c) P d) Ca
44. Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of a metal with a non-metal as one of its contituents?
a) Brass b) Bronze c) Amalgam d) Steel
45. Why is carbon not used for reducing aluminium from aluminium oxide?
a) Because aluminium has less affinity for oxygen than of carbon.
b) Because aluminium has greater affinity for oxygen than of carbon.
c) Because Carbon is more reactive than aluminium
d) Because reaction between aluminium and carbon is explosive.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 39
47. A student adds some metallic ash in water taken in a test tube. The ash gets completely
dissolved in water and the solution changes colour. What should the student do next to
test the chemical properties of the product formed?
a) Evaporate the solution to get crystals.
b) Test the basicity using a red litmus paper.
c) Test the acidity using a blue litmus paper.
d) Measure the temperature change using a thermometer.
48. What happens when a pellet of sodium is dropped in water?
a) It catches fire and forms oxide.
b) It absorbs heat and forms oxide.
c) It catches fire and forms hydroxide.
d) It absorbs heat and forms hydroxide.
49. A student adds an equal amount of copper sulphate solution in two beakers. He adds
zinc in beaker P and silver in beaker Q. The student observes that the colour of the
solution in beaker P changes while no change is observed in beaker Q. Which option
arranges the metals in increasing order of reactivity?
a) silver-zinc-copper b) Zinc-copper- silver
c) silver-copper-zinc d) copper-silver-zinc
51. A student puts one big iron nail each in four test tubes containing solutions of zinc
sulphate, aluminium sulphate, copper sulphate and iron sulphate. A reddish-brown
coating was observed only on the surface of iron nail which was put in the solution of:
a) Zinc sulphate. b)Iron sulphate.
c) Copper sulphate. d)Aluminium sulphate.
52. Hydrogen gas is not widely used as a reducing agent because:
a) Hydrogen decomposes to atomic hydrogen at higher temperature.
b) Risk of explosion with water.
c) Hydrogen isomerises to ortho hydrogen at higher temperature.
d) Many metals form hydrides at lower temperatures.
53. Metal M reacts with oxygen to form metallic oxide MO. This oxide reacts with moisture
and carbon dioxide of the atmosphere to form a basic carbonate metal M. The metal 'M'
is:
a) Cu b)Fe c) Zn d)Cr
54. The metal which can be extracted from pyrolusite ore is:
a) Mercury. b)Manganese. c)Aluminium. d)Magnesium.
55. Brass is an alloy of:
a) Cu and Sn. b)Cu and Pb. c)Pb and Sn. d)Zn and Cu.
56. Before electrolysis of alumina (Al2O3) to obtain aluminium (Al), it is dissolved in molten
cryolite (Na2AlF6). This is done
a) To lower the melting point of alumina
b) To make alumina a better conductor of electricity
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) Only to bring alumina in the solution form as it is insoluble in water.
57. Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Roasting is heating ore in presence of an excess of air whereas calcination is heating ore in
the absence of air.
b) Roasting is done for sulphide ores.
c) Calcination is done for carbonate ores.
d) All the above statements are correct.
58. Haematite, bauxite and cinnabar are respectively the ores of
a) Al, Fe, and Hg b)Fe, Al, and Hg c)Hg, Al and Fe d)Fe, Hg, and Al
59. A metal and non-metal that exists in liquid state at the room temperature are
respectively:
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 40
 a) Bromine and mercury b) Mercury and Iodine
c) Mercury and Bromine d) Iodine and Mercury
60. A metal “X” is used in thermite process. When “X” is heated with oxygen, it gives an oxide
“Y”, which is amphoteric in nature. “X” and “Y” respectively are:
a) Mn, MnO2 b) Al, Al2O3 c) Fe, Fe2O3 d) Mg, MgO
61. Which one of the following metals is malleable and a poor conductor of electricity?
a) Copper b) Zinc c) Lead d) Silver
62. Among the following, the metal with lowest density is :
a) Lithium b) Lead c) Magnesium d) Aluminium
63. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom of a non-metal can be:
(a) 1, 2 or 3 (b) 3, 4 or 5 c) 5, 6 or 7 d) 5, 6 or 8
64. Which of the following statements is true for an amphoteric oxide?
(a) It reacts only with acid and does not form water.
(b) It reacts with acid as well as base to form salt and hydrogen gas.
(c) It reacts with both acid as well as base to form salt and water.
(d) It reacts only with base and does not form water.
65. Teacher took ash of burning ribbon and sulphur power in separate test tube labelled as
A and B respectively and added water in both test tubes. Which of the following
observation will be correct if we dip blue and red litmus paper simultaneous in both the
test tubes?
(a) Red litmus changes to blue in test tube A and Blue litmus to red in test tube B
(b) Red litmus changes to blue in test tube B and Blue litmus to red in test tube A
(c) Red litmus changes to blue in both the test tubes.
(d) Blue litmus to red in both the test tubes.
66. Which of the following metal is poor conductor of heat?
(a) Lead (b) Iron (c) Aluminium (d) Copper
67. Which of the following pairs of metals are kept in kerosene?
(a) Sodium and Calcium (b) Iron and Potassium
(c) Sodium and Potassium (d) Silver and gold
68. Which of the following metal reacts reversibly with steam?
(a) Aluminium (b) Copper (c) Potassium (d) Iron
69. A process of forming a thick oxide layer of aluminium is called
(a) Galvanisation (b) Anodising (c) Refining (d) Corrosion
70. For the process of anodising, which electrode is made by clean aluminium article?
(a) Cathode (b) Anode (c) Both a and b (d) None of these
71. A student studying the chemical properties of metals finds incomplete chemical
reactions in his book, as shown:
MgO + HNO3 
Which option completes the reaction?
(a) MgO + HNO3 Mg3N2 + 4H2O
(b) MgO + HNO3  Mg + NO2 + O2
(c) MgO + HNO3  Mg(OH)2 + 2NO2
(d) MgO + HNO3  Mg(NO3)2 + H2O
72. A student adds some metallic ash in water taken in a test tube. The ash gets completely
dissolved in water and the solution changes colour. What should the student do next to
test the chemical properties of the product formed?
(a) Evaporate the solution to get crystals.
(b) Test the basicity using a red litmus paper.
(c) Test the acidity using a blue litmus paper.
(d) Measure the temperature change using a thermometer.
73. What happens when a pellet of sodium is dropped in water?
(a) It catches fire and forms oxide.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 41
 (b) It absorbs heat and forms oxide.
(c) It catches fire and forms hydroxide.
(d) It absorbs heat and forms hydroxide
74. A student writes the chemical equation of the reaction between lead and copper
chloride.
Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq)  PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s)
Which option explains the reason for the formation of lead chloride?
(a) copper is more reactive than lead
(b) is less reactive than copper
(c) and copper are equally reactive
(d) lead is more reactive than copper
75. A student adds an equal amount of copper sulphate solution in two beakers. He adds
zinc in beaker P and silver in beaker Q. The student observes that the colour of the
solution in beaker P changes while no change is observed in beaker Q. Which option
arranges the metals in increasing order of reactivity?
(a) silver-zinc-copper (b) zinc-copper- silver
(c) silver-copper-zinc (d) copper-silver-zinc
76. A student learns that sodium and magnesium react with chloride to form sodium
chloride and magnesium chloride, as shown.
2Na + Cl2  2NaCl
Mg + Cl2  MgCl2
The melting point of sodium chloride is 1074 K while the melting point of magnesium
chloride is 981 K. Why does sodium chloride and magnesium chloride have a difference
in melting point?
(a) Magnesium chloride is soluble in kerosene and petrol.
(b) Sodium chloride is formed by combining with one molecule of chlorine.
(c) Sodium chloride has strong inter-ionic bonding than magnesium chloride.
(d) Chloride is formed by combining only one molecule of magnesium.
77. Which option gives the process of extraction of mercury from its ore cinnabar?
(a) Cooling cinnabar in the presence of excess air
(b) Cooling cinnabar to convert it into mercuric oxide and then heating it
(c) Cinnabar to convert it into mercuric oxide and then heating it again
(d) Cinnabar in the presence of limited air to and then adding a small amount of water
78. A researcher conducts an experiment to obtain zinc from its ore. Which option gives the
process that the researcher must perform?
(a) Converting metal sulphides into metallic oxides and then using carbon to reduce it to
obtain pure metal
(b) Metal oxides into metallic sulphides and then using carbon to reduce it to obtain pure metal
(c) Converting metal oxides into metallic carbonates and then using carbon to reduce it to
obtain pure metal
(d) Metallic sulphides into metallic carbonates and then heating to reduce it to obtain pure
metal
79. The image shows the electrolytic refining of copper. Which option explains the process
to obtain pure copper?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 42
 (a) When current is passed, pure copper from anode deposits to the cathode.
(b) When current is passed, pure copper from anode deposits in the electrolytic solution.
(c) When current is passed, pure copper from the electrolytic solution deposits at the anode.
(d) When current is passed, pure copper from the electrolytic solution deposits at the cathode
80. Reena immersed a zinc plate in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate. She noticed a
thick layer of copper on the surface of the zinc plate after an hour.

What should Reena have done to make the reaction faster?

(a) Use a thicker zinc plate
(b) Use pieces of small zinc lakes
(c) Use a copper vessel for the reaction
(d)Use copper sulphate solution of higher concentration
81. The following observations were made by a student on treating four metals P, Q, R and S
with a given salt solution.

Based on the above observations, the correct order of increasing reactivity will be
(a) P>Q>R>S (b) S>Q>P>R (c) Q>P>R>S (d) Q>P>S>R
82. The atomic numbers of four elements A, B, C and D are 6, 8, 10 and 12 respectively. The
two elements which can react to form ionic compounds are
(a) A and D (b) A and C (c) B and C (d) B and D

83. Which of the following figures correctly describes the process of electrolytic refining?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 43
84. The elements whose oxides can turn phenolphthalein solution pink are:
(a) Na and K (b) Na and S (c) K and C (d) K and P
85. An element X reacts with hydrogen, when heated, to form a covalent hydride H2X. If H2X
has the smell of rotten eggs, the element X is likely to be
(a) Carbon (b) Chlorine (c) Sulphur (d) Phosphorous
86. A clean aluminium foil was placed in an aqueous solution of zinc sulphate. When the
aluminium foil was taken out of the zinc sulphate solution after 15 minutes, its surface
was found to be coated with a silvery grey deposit. From the above observation it can be
concluded that:
(a) Aluminium is more reactive than zinc
(b) Zinc and aluminium both are equally reactive
(c) Zinc is more reactive than aluminium
(d) Zinc and aluminium both are non-reactive
87. What is anode mud?
(a) fan of anode
(b) metal of anode
(c) impurities collected at anode in electrolysis during purification of metals
(d) all of these
88. E is an element that’s ore is rich in E2O3. E2O3 is not affected by water. It forms two
chlorides, ECl2 and ECl3 . The element E is
(a) copper (b) zinc (c) aluminium (d) iron
89. Removal of impurities from ore is known as-
(a) crushing and grinding (b) concentration of ore
(c) calcination (d) roasting
90. Froth floatation method is used for the concentration of-
(a) oxide ores (b) sulphide ores (c) sulphate ors (d) halide ores
91. A reactive metal ( M)is treated with H2SO4 (dil). The gas is evolved and is collected over
the water as shown in the figure.
The correct conclusion drawn is/are

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 44
 (a) The gas is hydrogen
(b) The gas is lighter than air
(c) The gas is SO2 and is lighter than air
(d) Both (a) and (b)
92. Which of the following is likely to happen when the current is started?
(a) Iron will be deposited on the copper plate.
(b) Copper will continue to be deposited on the iron plate.
(c) No reaction will occur at the iron plate or at the copper plate.
(d) The copper already deposited on the iron plate will go back into the solution.
93. Krunal now replaces the iron plate with a silver plate. He sees that there is no
deposition of copper on the silver plate before starting the current. Which of the
following could be the reason?
(a) Silver is more reactive than iron.
(b) Silver is less reactive than copper.
(c) Silver is a poorer conductor of electricity than iron.
(d) Silver is a better conductor of electricity than copper.
94. What is likely to happen to the concentration of copper sulphate in the solution on
passing electric current through the solution in the set-up with the silver plate?
(a) It will increase
(b) It will decrease
(c) It will remain the same
(d) It depends on amount of current.
95. Which of the following will happen to the weights of the silver and copper plate after
passing the current for some time?
(a) The weight of the silver plate will increase and that of the copper plate will decrease.
(b) The weight of the copper plate will increase and that of the silver plate will decrease.
(c) Both the plates will decrease in weight.
(d) Both the plate will increase in weight.
96. Which of the following oxides of iron would be obtained on the prolonged reaction of
iron with steam?
(a) FeO (b) Fe2O3 c) Fe3O4 (d) Fe2O3 and Fe3O4
97. A non-metal used to preserve food material is:
(a) Carbon (b) Phosphorus (c) Sulphur (d) Nitrogen

98. Which of the following metals is present in the anode mud during the electrolytic
refining of copper?
(a) Sodium (b) Aluminium (c) Gold (d) Iron
99. An alloy of Zn and Cu is dissolved in dil. HC1. Hydrogen gas is evolved. In this evolution
of gas
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 45
 (a) only zinc reacts with dil. HCl
(b) only copper reacts with dil. HCl
(c) both zinc and copper react with dil. HCl
(d) only copper reacts with water
100. A greenish coating develops on copper utensils due to formation of
(a) CuCo3 (b) Cu (OH)2
(c) Cu (OH)2.CuCO3 (d) CuO

ASSERTION AND REASON

1. Assertion: Copper displaces silver from silver nitrate solution.
Reason: Copper is more reactive than silver.
2. Assertion: Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids.
Reason: Reactivity of a metal depends on its position in the reactivity series.
3. Assertion: The property of beating a metal into sheets is called ductility.
Reason: Gold and silver are most malleable metals.
4. Assertion: MgO exists in liquid state.
Reason: The electrostatic forces of attraction between Mg2+ and O2- ions constitute ionic bond.
5. Assertion: Bromine cannot displace chlorine from its salt solution.
Reason: Chlorine is more reactive than bromine.
6. Assertion: The arrangement of metals in order of decreasing reactivities is called reactivity
series.
Reason: Metals at the top of series are very reactive and metals at the bottom are least
reactive.
7. Assertion: Metals in general have very high melting and boiling points.
Reason: Metals have the strongest chemical bonds, which are metallic in nature.
8. Assertion: Gold occurs in native state.
Reason: Gold is a reactive metal.
9. Assertion: Non-metals are electronegative in nature.
Reason: They have tendency to lose electrons.
10. Assertion: Metals generally act as reducing agents.
Reason: The reducing character is expressed in terms of electron releasing tendency.
11. Assertion: Iron is the most widely used metal. But it is never used in its pure state.
Reason: Pure iron is very soft and stretches easily when hot.
12. Assertion: Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide are acidic in nature.
Reason: Amphoteric nature means that substances have both acidic and basic character.
13. Assertion: When lead vessel is kept in a solution of ZnSO4, lead will remain unaffected.
Reason: Lead is more electropositive than zinc.
14. Assertion: The reaction of calcium with water is less violent in comparison to that of sodium.
Reason: The heat evolved is not sufficient for the hydrogen to catch fire.
15. Assertion: Magnesium reacts with oxygen upon heating and burns brightly to form
magnesium oxide.
Reason: Magnesium oxide is basic in nature.
16. Assertion: C and N do not react with dil. HCI and dil. H2SO4.
Reason: Metals do not react with dil. HCI and dil. H2SO4.
17. Assertion: Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
Reason: A large amount of energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic attraction in ionic
compounds.
18. Assertion: Silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.
Reason: Silver and gold are less active metals.
19. Assertion: Electrovalence of Na is + 1.
Reason: The number of electrons which an atom either loses or gains in the formation of an
ionic bond is known as its valency.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 46
20. Assertion: The oxides of sulphur and phosphorus are acidic in nature.
Reason: Metal oxides are basic in nature.
21. Assertion : The colour of aqueous solution of copper sulphate turns colourless when a piece of
lead is added to it.
Reason: Lead is more reactive than copper, and hence displaces copper from its salt solution.
22. Assertion : Sodium oxide is an amphoteric oxide.
Reason : Metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases are known as amphoteric
oxides.
23. Assertion : Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid.
Reason : Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent.
24. Assertion : Zinc carbonate is heated strongly in presence of air to form zinc oxide and carbon
dioxide.
Reason : Calcination is the process in which a carbonate ore is heated strongly in the absence
of air to convert into metal oxide.
25. Assertion : Highly reactive metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction.
Reason : In the electrolytic reduction, metal is deposited at the cathode.
26. Assertion : Zinc oxide is amphoteric in nature.
Reason : Zinc oxide reacts with both acids and bases
SECTION B
1. When two compounds namely sodium chloride and calcium chloride are heated directly, one
by one on the flame of a burner, they impart different colours to the flame.
(a) Name the colour imparted by (1) sodium chloride and (2) calcium chloride.
(b) Are these compounds soluble in organic solvents such as kerosene or petrol ? Justify your
answer.
2. When a zinc plate is dipped in ferrous sulphate solution for some time, it is observed that the
pale green colour of the solution disappears.
(i) Explain the observation.
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
3. Give one example each of the reaction in which :
(i) a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its aqueous salt solution and the
colour of the solution changes.
(ii) an insoluble precipitate is formed.
4. A metal “A” reacts violently with cold water and the gas evolved catches fire. Another metal
“B” when dipped in water starts floating. The metal “C” does not react either cold or hot water,
but reacts with steam. The metal “D” does not react with water at all. Identify the metals A, B, C
and D.
5. When a strip of aluminium metal is dipped in a solution of ferrous sulphate, the pale green
colour of the solution fades away. State the conclusion you can draw from this observation.
Write chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in this case.
6. Some metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Illustrate it with an example.
How will you test the presence of this gas ?
7. Define the terms ductility and malleability. Name an element which exhibits both of these
properties giving justification for your answer.
8. (a) What are amphoteric oxides? Choose the amphoteric oxides from amongst the following
oxides:
Na2O, ZnO, Al2O3, CO2, H2O
(b) Why is that non-metals do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids?
9. Give reasons for the following observations:
(a) Ionic compounds in general have high melting and boiling points.
(b) Highly reactive metals cannot be obtained from their oxides by heating them with carbon.
10. How do properties of iron change when: (a) a small quantity of carbon is mixed in it?
(b) nickel and chromium are mixed in it?
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 47
11. What happens to metals like magnesium, aluminium, zinc, and lead when exposed to air at
ordinary temperatures?
12. How does the oxide layer on metals such as aluminium and zinc protect them?
13. Why does calcium start floating when it reacts with water?
14. Compare the reactivity of metals on the basis of reaction with water.
SECTION C
1. With the help of suitable chemical equations, list the two main differences between roasting
and calcination. How is metal reduced from the product obtained after roasting/calcination of
the ore ? Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
2. Name and explain the most widely used method for refining impure metals.
3. With the help of chemical equations differentiate between roasting and calcination. How is
metal reduced from the product obtained after roasting/calcination of the ore ? Write the
chemical equation for the reaction involved.
4. State reasons for the following:
(a)Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide
(b)Calcium starts floating when immersed in water.
(c)In the reactions of nitric acid with metals, generally hydrogen gas is not evolved.
5. Name the chemical reaction that occurs between iron (II) oxide and aluminium metal. Write its
balanced chemical equation. Why this reaction is called displacement reaction? Give one use of
this reaction.
6. A student is working in a laboratory with metal “E” which is stored under kerosene oil. Some
how a small piece of this metal falls in a beaker containing water and starts burning.
(i) Name the metal “E”.
(ii) Write chemical equation for the reaction when metal E reacts with water. State the nature
of the product obtained.
(iii) Name the process by which this metal “E” is obtained form its molten chloride.
7. Draw a labelled diagram to show electrolytic refining of copper. State what happens when
electric current is passed through the electrolyte taken in this case.
8. It is observed that Calcium on reaction with water floats on its surface. Explain why it happens.
Also write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. Also write a balanced
chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. What happens when the aqueous solution of the
product of this reaction reacts with carbon dioxide gas? Write a balanced chemical equation
for the reaction.
9. (a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in which change in colour is observed when a
metal is kept immersed in a salt solution of another metal.
(b) When hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper(II) oxide, copper and steam are formed.
Write the balanced chemical equation with physical states for this reaction. State what kind of
chemical reaction is this.
10. (a) State the electron-dot structure for calcium and sulphur.
(b) Show the formation of CaS by the transfer of electrons.
(c) Name the ions present in this compound CaS. [Atomic number of Ca = 20, O = 16.]
11. State reasons for the following:
(a) Electric wires are covered with rubber like material.
(b) From dilute hydrochloric acid, zinc can liberate hydrogen gas but copper cannot.
(c) Sulphide ore of a metal is first converted to its oxide to extract the metal from it.
12. Explain the following:
(a) Sodium chloride is an ionic compound which does not conduct electricity in solid state
where as it does conduct electricity in molten state as well as in aqueous solution.
(b) Reactivity of aluminium decreases if it is dipped in nitric acid.
(c) Metals like calcium and magnesium are never found in their free state in nature.
13. A metal ‘X’ acquires a green colour coating on its surface on exposure to air.
(a) Identify the metal ‘X’ and name the process responsible for this change.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 48
 (b) Name and write chemical formula of the green coating formed on the metal.
(c) List two important methods to prevent the process.
14. What role does nitric acid (HNO₃) play in reactions with metals, and what products are formed
instead of hydrogen gas? Under what conditions do magnesium and manganese release
hydrogen gas when reacting with nitric acid?
15. In Activity 3.11 from NCERT, which metal showed the fastest rate of bubble formation, and
why?
16. Draw electron dot structure of aluminium chloride.
17. What is the difference between minerals and ores? Which metals are commonly found in the
free state in the earth's crust?
18. How does the reactivity series of metals influence the method of extraction for different
metals?
19. Explain why gold, silver, and platinum can be found in their free state while potassium,
sodium, and calcium cannot.
20. What are the typical forms in which moderately reactive metals like zinc, iron, and lead are
found in the earth’s crust?
21. Why are most metal ores found as oxides?
22. Describe the three categories of metals based on their reactivity and provide examples for each
category.
23. What are gangue materials, and why must they be removed before metal extraction?
24. Outline the general steps involved in the extraction of metals from ores as summarized in your
text.
25. What methods are used for the extraction of metals from each of the three reactivity
categories?
SECTION D
1. Write electronic configurations of two elements X (At. no. 12) and Y (At. no. 17). Show the
formation of ionic compound when X and Y combine with each other. Write the name and
formula of the compound formed. State what would happen if electric current is passed
through the aqueous solution of this compound. Name the ion that will reach at (i) cathode,
and (ii) anode.
2. (i) Write the name of two metals of moderate reactivity. Which one of the two is more
reactive? How can this fact be demonstrated experimentally in a school laboratory?
(ii) Some metals of moderate reactivity are also found in the Earth’s crust in the form of their
carbonates. Name the processes involved in the extraction of metal from them, giving chemical
equations for the reactions that occur.
3. (a) In the formation of compound between two atoms A and B, A loses two electrons and B
gains one electron.
(i) What is the nature of bond between A and B ?
(ii) Suggest the formula of the compound formed between A and B.
(b) On similar lines explain the formation of MgCl2 molecule.
(c) Common salt conducts electricity only in the molten state. Why ?
(d) Why is melting point of NaCl high ?
4. Explain the following:
(a) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg.
(b) Iron articles are galvanized.
(c) Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.
SECTION E
1. Metals are required for a variety of purposes. For this we need their extraction from their ores.
Ores mined from the earth are usually contaminated with many impurities which must be
removed prior to the extraction of metals. The extraction of pure metal involves the following
steps :
(1) Concentration of ore
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 49
 (2) Extraction of the metal from the concentrated ore
(3) Refining of the metal
(a) Name an ore of Mercury and state the form in which Mercury is present in it.
(b) What happens to zinc carbonate when it is heated strongly in a limited supply of air ?
(c) The reaction of a metal A with Fe2O3 is highly exothermic and is used to join railway tracks.
(I) Identify the metal A and name the reaction taking place.
(II) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of metal A with Fe2O3.
2. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are generally basic in
nature. But some metal oxides show both basic as well as acidic behaviours. Different metals show
different reactivities towards oxygen. Some react vigorously while some do not react at all.
(a)What happens when copper is heated in air? (Give the equation of the reaction involved).
(b)Why are some metal oxides categorized as amphoteric? Give one example.
(c)Complete the following equations:
(i) Na2O + H2O 
(ii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH 
(d)On burning Sulphur in oxygen a colourless gas is produced.
(i) Write chemical equation for the reaction.
(ii) Name the gas formed.
(iii) State the nature of the gas.
(iv) What will be the action of this on a dry litmus paper
3. The iron pillar in Qutab Minar complex in Delhi was built 1600 years ago. It is still standing intact
and shows no signs of rusting even today. This shows that the ancient metallurgists of India in
those times had fully developed metallurgical processes as well as the techniques of protection of
different metals. The protection of metals, was done by several processes like coating of a thin
film of another metal, alloying etc.
(a) Where is iron placed in the reactivity series of metals ? Write the form/forms in which its
ores are found in nature.
(b) Differentiate between roasting and calcination.
(c) Explain any two methods that are employed to prevent rusting/corrosion of metals.
(d) Why is aluminium used to join railway tracks or the cracked machine parts of iron ? Write a
balanced chemical equation for the reaction which occurs.
4. The melting points and the boiling points of ionic compounds are comparatively much higher
than that of the covalent compounds. The ionic compounds are so called because they are formed
by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal. In the ionic compounds, the transfer of
electrons from one element to the other is controlled by their electronic configurations. It is
because every element tends to attain a completely filled valence shell of its nearest noble gas or a
stable octet.
(a) The atomic number of sodium is 11. Write its electronic configuration and state the number
of electrons it can lose to have a stable octet.
(b) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic configuration. Name the nearest
noble gas whose octet chlorine will attain after gaining one electron.
(c) Show the formation of MgO by the transfer of electrons. The atomic numbers of magnesium
and oxygen are 12 and 8 respectively.
(d) Write the symbols and names of the anion and the cation present in the aqueous solution of
the following compounds : (I) Sodium chloride (II) Potassium nitrate
5. Three metal samples of magnesium, aluminium and iron were taken and rubbed with sand paper.
These samples were then put separately in test tubes containing dilute hydrochloric acid.
Thermometers were also suspended in each test tube so that their bulbs dipped in the acid. The
rate of formation of bubbles was observed. The above activity was repeated with dilute nitric acid
and the observations were recorded. Answer the following questions :

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 50
 (a) When activity was done with dilute hydrochloric acid, then in which one of the test tubes
was the rate of formation of bubbles the fastest and the thermometer showed the highest
temperature?
(b) Which metal did not react with dilute hydrochloric acid ? Give reason.
(c) Why is hydrogen gas not evolved when a metal reacts with dilute nitric acid ? Name the
ultimate products formed in the reaction.
(d) Name the type of reaction on the basis of which reactivity of metals is decided. You have
two metals X and Y. How would you decide which is more reactive than the other ?
6. Alloying is a very good method of improving the properties of metals. Most of the metallic
objects (cooking utensils, ornaments, coins, guns, etc.) are made up of alloys. It is because pure
metals are generally very soft and have low melting points. For example, iron is the most
widely used metal, but it is never used in its pure form to make cooking pans because it is very
soft in its purest form, it is corrosive and easily stretches when hot.
(a) What is an alloy?
(b) Write the constituents of bronze.
(c) (i) How is stainless steel made ? List two properties in which it differs from iron. OR
(ii) What is solder? Write its main use stating the property of solder which makes it suitable for
this specific use.
7. The metals produced by various reduction processes are not very pure. They contain
impurities, which must be removed to obtain pure metals. The most widely used method for
refining impure metals is electrolytic refining.
(i) What is the cathode and anode made of in the refining of copper by the process?
(ii) Name the solution used in the above process and write its formula.
(iii) How copper gets refined when electric current is passed in the electrolytic cell?
(iv) You have two beakers “A” and “B” containing copper sulphate solution. What would you
observe after about 2 hours if you dip a strip of zinc in beaker “A” and a strip of silver in beaker
“B”? Give reason for your observations in each case.
8. Based on activity 3.13
(i) What are the physical states of sodium chloride, potassium iodide, and barium chloride at
room temperature?
(ii) What changes did you observe when you heated the salt samples directly on the flame? Did
any of the samples impart color to the flame?
(iii) Did the salts melt when heated? If so, which ones?
(iv) What observations did you make when you tried to dissolve the salts in water? Were there
differences in solubility among the samples?
(v) How did the salt samples behave when mixed with petrol and kerosene? Were they soluble
in these solvents?
(vi) When you made a circuit and inserted electrodes into the salt solution, what observations
did you make?
(vii) Did all the salt samples show similar results when tested with the circuit? If not, how did
they differ?
(viii) Based on your observations from the experiments, what can you infer about the nature
of these compounds? Are they ionic, covalent, or have some other characteristics?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 51
 CHAPTER: CARBON AND ITS COMPOUND
1. A student prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution in a beaker to study saponification
reaction. Some observations related to this are given below:
Sodium hydroxide solution turns red litmus blue.
Sodium hydroxide readily dissolves in water.
The beaker containing solution appears cold when touched from outside.
The blue litmus paper turns red when dipped into the solution.
The correct observations are:
a) I, II and IV. b)I, II and III. c) only III and IV. d)only I and II.
2. We need 20% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide for the study of saponification
reaction. When we open the lid of the bottle containing solid sodium hydroxide we
observe it in which form?
a) Colourless transparent beads. b) Small white beads.
c) White pellets/ flakes. d) Fine white powder.
3. For demonstrating the preparation of soap in the laboratory which of the following
combinations of an oil and a base would be most suitable
a) Mustard oil and calcium hydroxide.
b) Castor oil and calcium hydroxide.
c) Turpentine oil and sodium hydroxide.
d) Mustard oil and sodium hydroxide.
4. Which compound has an addition reaction with - chlorine?
a) C2H4 b) C2H5OH c)C2H6 d) CH3COOH
5. The number of carbon atoms present in the molecule of fifth member of the homologous
series of alkynes is
a)Four. b) Five. c) Six. d) Seven.
6. The molecular formula of a homologue of butane is:
a) C4H8 b) C3H6 c) C4H6 d) C3H8
7. While studying saponification reaction for the preparation of soap, the teacher
suggested to a student to add a small quantity of common salt to the reaction mixture.
The function of common salt in this reaction is to:
a) Reduce the alkalinity of the soap. b) Reduce the acidity of the soap.
c) Enhance the cleansing capacity of soap. d) Favour precipitation of soap.
8. In the neighbourhood of your school, hard water required for an experiment is not
available. Select from the following groups of salts available in your school, a group each
member of which, if dissolved in distilled water, will make it hard:
a) Sodium chloride, calcium chloride. b) Potassium chloride, sodium chloride.
c) Sodium chloride, magnesium chloride. d) Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride.
9. The soap molecule has a:
a) Hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
b) Hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.
c) Hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail.
d) Hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail.
10. Which of the following sets of materials can be used for conducting a saponification
reaction for the preparation of soap?
a) Ca(OH)2 and neem oil.
b) NaOH and neem oil.
c) NaOH and mineral oil.
d) Ca(OH)2 and mineral oil
11. When ethane is burnt in excess of air, the products of combustion are?
a) C and H2O b) CO and H2O c) CO2 and H2 d) CO2 and H2O

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 52
12. A student adds a few drops of ethanoic acid to test tubes X, Y and Z containing aqueous
solutions of sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate respectively. If
he now brings a burning splinter near the mouth of the test tubes immediately after
adding the ethanoic acid in each one of them, in which of the test tube or test tubes the
flame gets extinguished?
a) X and Y b) Y and Z c) X and Z d) Only Z
13. Pentane has the molecular formula C5H12. It has:
a) 5 covalent bonds. b) 12 covalent bonds.
c) 16 covalent bonds. d) 17 covalent bonds.
14. Structural formula of ethyne is:

15. A student takes about 2 mL ethanoic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of sodium
hydrogen carbonate to it. He reports the following observations:
I. Immediately a colourless and odourless gas evolves with a brisk effervescence.
II. The gas turns lime water milky when passed through it.
III. The gas burns with an explosion when a burning splinter is brought near it.
IV. The gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is brought near it.
The correct observations are:
a) I, II and III b)II, III and IV c)III, IV and I d) I, II and IV
16. A student takes about 6 ml of distilled water in each of the four test tubes P, Q, R and S,
then dissolves an equal amount of four different salts namely sodium chloride in ‘P',
potassium chloride in ‘Q', calcium chloride in ‘R' Cand magnesium chloride in ‘S'. He
then adds 10 drops of soap solution to each test tube and shakes its contents. The test
tubes in which scum (insoluble substance) is formed with soap are:
a) P and Q b)Q and R c) R and S d) Q and S
17. Vinegar is a solution of:
a) 5 - 8% acetic acid in water.
b) 5 - 8% acetic acid in alcohol.
c) 30 - 40% acetic acid in water.
d) 30 - 40% acetic acid in alcohol.
18. In order to study personification reaction, we first prepare 20% solution of sodium
hydroxide. If we record the temperature of this solution just after adding sodium
hydroxide flakes to water and also test its nature using litmus, it may be concluded that
the process of making this solution is:
a) Exothermic and the solution is alkaline.
b) Endothermic and the solution is alkaline.
c) Endothermic and the solution is acidic.
d) Exothermic and the solution is acidic.
19. A student takes about 4 mL of distilled water in four test tubes marked P, Q, R and S. He
then dissolves in each test tube an equal amount of one salt in one test tube, namely
sodium sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q, calcium sulphate in R and magnesium
sulphate in S. After that he adds an equal amount of soap solution in each test tube. On
shaking each of these test tubes well, he observes a good amount of lather (foam) in the
test tubes marked.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 53
 a) P and Q. b) Q and R. c) P, Q and S. d) P, R and S.
20. Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats.
This is an example of
a) Addition reaction. b)Substitution reaction.
c)Displacement reaction. d) Oxidation reaction.
21. Consider the following comments about saponification reactions:
I. Heat is evolved in these reactions.
II. For quick precipitation of soap sodium chloride is added to the reaction mixture.
III. Saponification reactions are special kind of neutralisation reactions.
IV. Soaps are basic salts of long chain fatty acids.
The correct comments are:
a) I, II and III. b) II, III and IV. c)I, II and IV. d) Only I and IV.
22. A student adds a few drops of ethanol acid to test tubes X, Y and Z containing aqueous
solutions of sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate respectively. If
he now brings a burning splinter near the mouth of the test tubes immediately after
adding the ethanol acid in each one of them, in which of the test tube or test tubes the
flame gets extinguished?
a) X and Y b) Y and Z c) X and Z d) Only Z
23. Buckminsterfullerene is an allotropic form of:
a) Phosphorus. b) Sulphur. c)Carbon. d) Tin.
24. Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
a) i only
b) i and ii only
c) ii and iv only
d) i, ii, iii and iv only

25. One of the following molecular formulae represents a ketone. This formula is:
a) C5H12O b) C6H12O2 c) C6H14O d) C6H12O
26. Select the correct observation about dilute solution of acetic acid:
a) It smells like rotten egg and turns blue litmus red.
b) It smells like vinegar and turns red litmus blue.
c) It smells like rotten egg and turns red litmus blue.
d) It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus red.
27. Which is denatured spirit?
a) Ethanol only b) Ethanol and methanol only
c) Ethanol and methanol (5%) d) Methanol only
28. Tertiary butane gets oxidised with oxidising agents like alkaline KMnO4 to
a) Isobutane b) Ter-butyl alcohol
c) Secondary propyl alcohol d) All of the above
29. In the soap micelles:
a) The ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the carbon chain is in the interior
of the cluster.
b) Ionic end of soap is in the interior of the cluster and the carbon chain is out of the cluster.
c) Both ionic end and carbon chain are in the interior of the cluster.
d) Both ionic end and carbon exterior of the cluster.
30. Acetic acid was added to a liquid X kept in a test tube. A colourless and odourless gas Y
was evolved. The gas was passed through lime water which turned milky. It was
concluded that:
a) Liquid X is sodium hydroxide and the gas Y is Carbondioxide
b) Liquid X is sodium carbonate and the gas Y is Carbondioxide
c) Liquid X is sodium acetates and the gas Y is Carbondioxide
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 54
 d) Liquid X is sodium chloride and the gas Y is Sulphur dioxide
31. The organic compounds which are isomeric with one another are:
a) Alcohols and aldehydes.
b) Aldehydes and carboxylic acids.
c) Ketones and aldehydes.
d) Alcohols and ketones.
32. Bromine reacts with saturated hydrocarbon at room temperature in the
a) Absence of sunlight b) Presence of water
c) Presence of sunlight d) Presence of hydrochloric acid
33. Ethanoic acid was added to sodium carbonate solution and the gas evolved was tested
with a burning splinter. The following four observations were reported. Identify the
correct observation.
a) The gas burns with pop sound and the flame gets extinguished
b) The gas does not burn but the splinter burns with pop sound
c) The flame extinguishes and the gas does not burn
d) The gas burns with a blue flame and the splinter burns brightly.
34. C4+ does not exist but Pb4+ exists although both belong to the same group. This is
because Size of carbon is much smaller than Pb.
I. Large amount of energy is needed in case of carbon.
II. Of inert pair effect.
III. Nucleus cannot hold such a large number of electrons.
The correct statement(s) is/ are.
a) Only I b) I and II c) Only III d) II, III and IV
35. Benzene has molecular formula C6H6. Which of the following statements about it is
correct?
a) All the carbon atoms are arranged in a six-membered ring.
b) It contains three carbon-carbon single bonds and three carbon-carbon double bonds.
c) It contains six carbon-hydrogen single bonds
d) All statements are correct.
36. Which of the following is a soap?
a) Sodium acetate b) Sodium palmitate
c) Sodium lauryl sulphate d) Sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate
37. Choose the incorrect statement about allotropes of carbon.
a) Fullerenes are soluble in organic solvents.
b) Lead in lead pencils is made up of graphite
c) The weight of a diamond is expressed in carats
d) The complete oxidation products of diamond, graphite, and fullerenes are different.
38. Consider the following statements about homologous series of carbon compounds
(i) All succeeding members differ by - CH2 unit.
(ii) Melting point and boiling point increases with increasing molecular mass.
(iii) The difference in molecular masses between two successive members is 16 u.
(iv) C2H2 and C3H4 are NOT the successive members of alkyne series.
The cases in which new products will be formed are:
a) (i) and (ii) b) (ii) and (iii) c) (i) and (iii) d) (iii) and (iv)
39. The structural formula of Cyclohexane is:

a) b)

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 55
 c) d)

40. Carbon compounds:

(i) are good conductors of electricity.
(ii) are bad conductors of electricity
(iii) have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
(iv) have weal forces of attraction between their molecules.
The correct statements are:
a) (i) and (ii) b) (ii) and (iii) c) (ii) and (iv) d) (i) and (iii)
41. The number of single and double bonds present in a molecule of benzene (C6H6)
respectively, are :
a)6 and 6 b) 9 and 3 c) 3 and 9 d) 3 and 3
42. Which one of the following properties of Carbon is not responsible for its formation of
large number of compounds?
a) Tetravalency b) isomerism c) Allotropy d) Catenation
43. Consider the structures of the three cyclic carbon compounds A, B and C given below
and select the correct option from the following:

a) A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene

b) A is an isomer of hexane, B is benzene and C is an isomer of hexene.
c) A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon.
d) A is cyclohexane and B and C are the isomers of benzene.
44. The total number of electrons shared in the formation of an ethyne molecule is :
a) 6 b) 3 c) 10 d) 4
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 56
45. The electron dot structure of chlorine molecule is :

46. The correct representation of covalent bonding in an oxygen molecule is :

47. A student studies that acetic acid is a saturated compound. The structure of the
compound is shown. Why is acetic acid classified as a saturated compound?

(a) Because there is a the single bond between the carbon atoms
(b) Because there is a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms
(c) Because there is a single bond between the carbon and hydrogen atoms
(d) Because there is a single bond between the carbon and hydroxide diatom

48. The image represents a carbon compound. Which functional group is present in the
compound?

(a) alcohol (b) aldehyde (c) carboxylic acid (d) ketone

50. Which of these series can be classified as homologous series?
(a) CHCl3, C2H5OH, C3H7OH (b) CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH
(c) CHCl3, C4H9OH, CH3COOH (d) CH3COOH, C4H9OH, C2H5OH
51. A student studies that the carbon compounds CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH, and C4H9OH can
be group as homologues series. Why are these compounds grouped as homologous
series?
(a) Because of an increase in number of carbon atom along the series
(b) Because of an increase in number of hydrogen atom along with the series
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 57
 (c) Because of the presence of the same functional group substitute for hydrogen in a carbon
chain
(d) Because of the presence of the same carbon compounds substitute for hydrogen in a
carbon chain
52. A student conducts an activity, where he took a naphthalene ball and burn it. He
observed that it gives a yellow flame with lots of black smoke and sooty deposits around
it. What type of hydrocarbon does naphthalene contain?
(a) Unsaturated, as black smoke represents complete combustion
(b) Unsaturated, as sooty deposit represents unburnt hydrocarbons
(c) Saturated, as it gives a yellow flame which represents complete combustion
(d) Saturated, as the burning of any substance represents a complete combustion
53. The image represents a chemical reaction where ethanol is oxidised using potassium
dichromate and sulphuric acid. Which option represents the product “X”?

(a) CH2O (b) CH3CH (c) CH3H2O (d) CH3COOH

54. The image represents a chemical reaction where an unsaturated hydrocarbon is
converted into a saturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. Which option
identifies the action of the catalyst?

(a) It causes a reaction to proceed without the reaction itself being affected
(b) It causes the removal of all hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom
(c) Causes to change the single bonds to double and triple bonds
(d) Causes the production of oxygen during the reaction
55. A student studies that vinegar, which is a diluted form of ethanoic acid, freezes during
winter. What does this suggest about the physical properties of pure ethanoic acid?
(a) It has a low boiling point (b) It has a low melting point
(c) It has a very high boiling point (d) It has a very high melting point
56. A student conducts an activity where he took ethanoic acid and ethanol in the presence
of an acid catalyst. He noticed that the resulted product has some sweet-smelling
fragrance. What is likely to be the product?
(a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (b) CH₃COOH + H2O
(c) C₂H₅OH + H2O (d) COOH + H2O
57. A student studies that a soap molecule has two ends, one of which is an ionic end and the
other is the carbonic chain. Which option explains the interaction of a soap molecule
with oil?
(a) Ionic end of the soap interacts with the oil
(b) The closest end of the soap interacts with the oil
(c) Carbonic chain end of the soap interacts with the oil
(d) Ends of the soap randomly interact with the oil
58. A student studies that soap solution results in micelle formation which helps to remove
dirt. It has a unique orientation which helps in keeping the dirt out of the water as
shown in the image.

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 58
 What helps the dirt to raise away?
(a) Suspension of the dirt in the micelles
(b) A collection of water molecules in the centre of the micelle
(c) Attraction between the ionic end and the dirt to remove it
(d) Mixing of the soap molecules along with the dirt to make it heavier
59. Identify the types of chemical reaction occurring during the combustion of fuel:
(a) Oxidation & Endothermic reaction
(b) Decomposition & Exothermic reaction
(c) Oxidation & Exothermic reaction
(d) Combination & Endothermic reaction
60. A student while walking on the road observed that a cloud of black smoke belched out
from the exhaust stack of moving trucks on the road.’ Choose the correct reason for the
production of black smoke:
(a) Limited supply of air leads to incomplete combustion of fuel
(b) Rich supply of air leads to complete combustion of fuel.
(c) Rich supply of air leads to a combination reaction.
(d) Limited supply of air leads to complete combustion of fuel.
61. Which of the following statements is true for a homologous series?
(a) They have the same physical properties.
(b) They differ by CH₂ in molecular structure.
(c) They have the same chemical properties.
(d) They have the same boiling points.
62. Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?

(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
63. Which of the following is the correct representation of electron dot structure of
nitrogen?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 59
65. The correct structural formula of butanoic acid is

66. Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because
(i) Mineral acids are completely ionised
(ii) Carboxylic acids are completely ionised
(iii) Mineral acids are partially ionised
(iv) Carboxylic acids are partially ionised
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
67. Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?

68. Which of the following represents saponification reaction?

69. Which compound has an additional reaction with - chlorine?

(a)C2H4 (b) C2H5OH (c) C2H6 (d) CH3COOH
70. An unsaturated hydrocarbon having a triple covalent bond has 50 hydrogen atoms in its
molecule. The number of carbon atoms in its molecule will be:
(a) 24 (b) 25 (c) 26 (d) 28
71. Choose the incorrect statement about allotropes of carbon.
(a) Fullerenes are soluble in organic solvents.
(b) Lead in lead pencils is made up of graphite
(c) The weight of a diamond is expressed in carats
(d) The complete oxidation products of diamond, graphite, and fullerenes are different.
72. Which one of the following statements about diamond and graphite is not correct?
(a) Diamond has a tetrahedral structure, whereas graphite has a hexagonal planar structure.
(b) Both physical and chemical properties of diamond and graphite are different.
(c) Graphite is soft but diamond is hard.
(d)Graphite is a good conductor of electricity while diamond is not.
73. A student studies that vinegar, which is a diluted form of ethanoic acid, freezes during
winter. What does this suggest about the physical properties of pure ethanoic acid?
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 60
 (a) It has a low boiling point (b) It has a low melting point
(c) It has a very high boiling point (d) It has a very high melting point
74. Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
(a) Carboxylic acid. (b) Aldehyde. (c) Ketone. (d) Alcohol.
75. The property of self-combination of the atoms of the same element to form long chains is
known as
(a) Protonation (b) carbonation (c) coronation (d) catenation
76. The hydrocarbon 3-methybutane is an isomer of
(a) n-pentane (b) n-butane (c) propane (d) iso-butane
77. CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 +H2O
Identify the reaction-
(a) Esterification reaction (b) Saponification reaction
(c)Combustion reaction (d) Oxidation reaction
78. CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaOH  CH3COONa + CH3CH2OH
Identify the reaction
(a) Esterification reaction (b) Saponification reaction
(c) Combustion reaction (d) Oxidation reaction
79. NaCl is electrovalent compound but CCl4 is covalent compound because
(a) NaCl is soluble in water but CCl4 is insoluble in water.
(b) NaCl is formed due to transfer of electron while CCl4 is formed due to sharing of electron.
(c) NaCl is edible salt while CCl4 is poisonous.
(d) NaCl is solid while CCl4 is liquid.
80. On undergoing complete combustion in adequate supply of oxygen, an organic
compound produces only carbon-dioxide and water vapour as the products.
Based on this information, which of the following homologous series could the
compound belong to?
(P) Alkanes (Q) Alcohols (R) Aldehydes
(a) Only P (b) Only P or Q (c) Only Q or R (d) any P, Q or R
81. Which of the following contains covalent bond?
(a) MgCl2 (b) CaF2 (c) Al2O3 (d) HCl
82. The IUPAC name of CH3CHO is
(a) Acetaldehyde (b) Formaldehyde
(c) Methyl formaldehyde (d) Ethanal
83. The by product in soap industry is
(a) Isoprene (b) Ethylene glycol
(c) Glycerol (d) Butane
84. Diamond is not a good conductor of electricity because
(a) It is very hard
(b) Its structure is very compact
(c) It is not soluble in water
(d) It has no free electrons to conduct electric current.
85. Alcohols can be produced by the hydration of
(a) Alkenes (b) Alkynes (c) Alkanes (d) Acids
86. Ethanol on complete oxidation gives
(a) acetic acid/ethanoic acid (b) CO2 and water
(c) Ethanal (d) acetone/ethanone
87. Addition reactions are undergone by
(a) Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) (b) Only alkenes
(c) Only alkynes (d) Both alkenes and alkynes
88. A hydrocarbon has four carbon atoms. Give its molecular formula if it is an alkene.
(a) C4H10 (b) C4H8 (c) C4H6 (d) C4H4
89. Which of the following statements is correct?
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 61
 (a) Most organic compounds are ionic compounds.
(b) Ethane and ethene belong to the same homologous series.
(c) Propene contains three hydrogen atoms per molecule.
(d) Chloroethane contains two carbon atoms per molecule
90. A functional group mainly determines the
(a) Physical properties (b) Chemical properties
(c) Both (d) None of these
91. The difference in the formula and molecular masses of CH3OH and C2H5OH is
(a) CH4 and 16u (b) CH2 and 14u
(c) CH4 and 18u d) CH3 and 16u
92. Which of the following sets of compounds have same molecular formula?
(a) Butane and iso-butane (b) Cyclohexane and hexene
(c) Propanal and propanone (d) All of these
93. In order to form branching, an organic compound must have a minimum of
(a) four carbon atoms (b) three carbon atoms
(c) five carbon atoms (d) any number of carbon atoms.
94. Which of the following is an isomeric pair?
(a) Ethane and propane (b) Ethane and ethene
(c) Propane and butane (d) Butane and 2-methylpropane
95. Among the following the one having longest chain is
(a) neo-pentane (b) iso-pentane
(c) 2-methylpentane (d) 2,2-dimethylbutane.
96. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity because
(a) It has free electrons (b) It has free atoms
(c) It is crystalline (d) It is soft and greasy.
97. Which of the following types of binding forces is present in the structure of diamond?
(a) Ionic (b) van der Waals’ (c) Covalent (d) None of these
98. An organic compound X with molecular formula, C2H6O on oxidation with potassium
dichromate and sulphuric acid gives an acidic compound Y. The compounds X and Y
react on warming in presence of conc. H2SO4 to give a sweet smelling compound Z. What
are the compounds X,Y and Z.

X Y Z
(a) C2H5OH CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5
(b) C2H5OH HCOOH HCOOC2H5
(c) C2H5OH C2H5COOH C2H5COOC2H5
(d) C2H5OH CH3CHO CH3COOC2H5
99. Study the flow chart and choose the correct option

W X Y
(a) CH3COOH CH3COOH CH3COOCH3
(b) CH2=CH2 CH3COOCH3 CH3CO CH3
(c) CH≡CH CH3COOH C3H7OH
(d) CH2=CH2 CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 62
100. A few chemical processes are listed as :
I. An alcohol undergoes oxidation to produce a carboxylic acid.
II. An alcohol undergoes esterification
III. A carboxylic acid reacts with sodium carbonate.
IV. Propane undergoes complete combustion.
In which of the given process(es), products have more carbon atoms than the
underlined reactants ?
(a) I and IV only (b) I and II only (c) I, III and IV only (d) II only
ASSERTION AND REASON
1. Assertion: Olefins have the general formula CnH2n+1.
Reason: There is at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in their molecules.
2. Assertion: Carbon possesses property of catenation.
Reason: Carbon atoms form double as well as triple bonds during catenation.
3. Assertion: Covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of electricity.
Reason: They consist of molecules and not ions which can transfer charge.
4. Assertion: Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
Reason: lt has one free valence electron.
5. Assertion: In alkanes, alkenes and alkynes the valency of carbon is always four.
Reason: All hydrocarbons except alkanes contain double bonds.
6. Assertion: Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive.
Reason: All the valencies of carbon atom are satisfied by single covalent bonds always.
7. Assertion: Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl group.
Reason: In aldehydes, the functional group is attached to at least one hydrogen atom.
8. Assertion: Ethanol is first member of the alcohol homologous series.
Reason: A homologous series can be represented by a general formula.
9. Assertion: Graphite is soft and slippery to touch.
Reason: Graphite has sheet like layered structure.
10. Assertion: In a homologous series of alcohols, the formula for the second member is C2H5OH
and the third member is C3H7OH.
Reason: The difference between the molecular masses of the two consecutive members of a
homologous series is 144.
11. Assertion: The functional group present in alcohols is -OH.
Reason: It is the same group as present in water; hence water and alcohol have similar
properties.
12. Assertion: Diamond does not conduct electricity.
Reason: Diamond has high refractive index.
13. Assertion: Esterification is a process in which a sweet-smelling substance is produced.
Reason: When esters react with sodium hydroxide an alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic
acid are obtained.
14. Assertion: Diamond is the hardest natural known substance.
Reason: Diamond is used for cutting marble, granite and glass.
15. Assertion: Carbon and its compounds can be used as fuels.
Reason: They are highly inflammable and have high calorific value.
16. Assertion: Alcohol cannot be used as an additive in petrol.
Reason: Alcohol give rise to CO and H2O when burnt in sufficient air.
17. Assertion: Methane is the simplest saturated hydrocarbon which is a major component of
natural gas.
Reason: Methane belongs to alkene
18. Assertion: Saturated hydrocarbons are chemically less reactive
Reason: All the valencies of carbon atom are satisfied by single covalent bonds
19. Assertion: Olefins have the general formula CnH2n+1
Reason: There is at least one double bond between two carbon atoms in their molecules.
CHEMISTRY 2024-25 63
 SECTION B
1. When a soap is dissolved in water, the soap molecules form structures. What are these
structures called ? Draw a labelled diagram of these structures.
2. Identify the functional group present in the following compounds and also name them :

3. “Covalently bonded molecules are seen to have strong bonds within the molecule, but
intermolecular forces are weak. Justify this statement.
4. Which gas is abundantly found on LPG? Draw a electron dot structure of it.
5. Which gas is abundantly found on biogas? Draw a electron dot structure of it.
6. Describe the difference in bonding between carbon atoms in diamond and graphite.
7. How does the bonding structure of diamond contribute to its physical properties?
8. Why can graphite act as a lubricant, whereas diamond cannot?
9. Explain how the layers in graphite are held together and how this affects its properties.
10. What type of bonds does each carbon atom in graphite form with neighbouring atoms, and
how is the fourth valency satisfied?
11. Why does diamond have a three-dimensional structure, while graphite has a layered structure?
12. In what way does the difference in bonding affect the hardness of diamond compared to
graphite?
13. Which allotrope of carbon can conduct electricity and why?
14. Why is catenation not as pronounced in elements other than carbon, such as silicon?
15. How does the size of a carbon atom contribute to the stability of its compounds?
16. Why is soap effective in cleaning oily dirt, and why doesn’t oil dissolve in water?
17. What are the chemical components of soap molecules?
18. Explain how the structure of a soap molecule allows it to interact with both water and oil.
19. Describe the formation of a micelle and the role it plays in cleaning.
20. How does the ionic end of a soap molecule differ in its interaction with water and oil?
21. What is an emulsion, and how is it formed when soap is added to water with oil or dirt?
22. Why do the ionic ends of soap molecules face outward in a micelle?
23. Explain how micelles help in removing dirt from clothes.
24. How would the structure of a soap micelle differ if dissolved in a hydrocarbon instead of
water?
25. Why are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids used in soap?
26. What are the two ends of a soap molecule, and how do their properties differ?
27. Explain how soap molecules align themselves at the surface of water.
28. Describe the structure of a micelle and the orientation of soap molecules within it.
29. Why do soap molecules form micelles in water, and how does this structure help in cleaning
oily dirt?
30. What role does ion-ion repulsion play in keeping micelles stable in solution?
31. Why does a soap solution appear cloudy?
32. How does the hydrophobic tail of a soap molecule interact with hydrocarbons or oily dirt?

CHEMISTRY 2024-25 64
33. Explain why the ionic end of a soap molecule is soluble in water, while the hydrocarbon tail is
not.
34. How does the micelle structure help in rinsing away dirt particles in water?
35. What property of micelles makes soap effective in removing oily stains from fabrics?
SECTION C
1. Write chemical equations for the following reactions, giving the conditions for the reaction in
each case :
(a) Reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid
(b) Reaction of an ester with a base (NaOH)
(c) Formation of ethene from ethanol.
2. Consider the following organic compounds: C2H5CHO, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3COCH3
(a) Which one of these compounds when heated at 443 K in excess conc. H2SO4 forms ethene
as its major product? State the role of conc. H2SO4 in the reaction. Also, write the chemical
equation for the chemical reaction involved.
(b) Give chemical equation for the chemical reaction when CH3COOH and C2H5OH react in the
presence of conc. H2SO4.
3. An organic compound X when reacts with sodium liberates hydrogen. The same compound X
when heated at 443 K in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid gives an unsaturated
hydrocarbon. (i) Identify X (ii) Write the chemical equations for the above mentioned reactions
and state the role of concentrated sulphuric acid in the second reaction.
4. (i) Why are carbon compounds exceptionally stable ?
(ii) Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated compounds. Give structures of both the
types of compounds having three carbon atoms in their molecules.
5. Compare the catenation of silicon and carbon as both belongs to same group.
6. Explain the versatile nature of the carbon.
7. What is the reason behind the numbers of carbon compounds whose formulae are known to
chemists was recently estimated to be in millions! This outnumbers by a large margin the
compounds formed by all the other elements put together?
8. Draw electron dot structure of benzene.
9. Define the term with example :- heteroatom , isomers.
10. Why do the chemical properties of compounds in a homologous series remain similar despite
differences in chain length?
11. Write the isomers of pentane.
12. Which of the following are in homologous series of alcohol? Why?
CH3OH, C3H7OH, CH3COOH, CH3CHO, C4H9OH
Write general formula of alcohol.
13. Why do saturated hydrocarbons generally produce a clean flame, while unsaturated
hydrocarbons produce a yellow, sooty flame?
14. Why does a gas or kerosene stove produce a blue flame when there is sufficient oxygen supply?
15. Write the difference between substitution and addition reaction? How can you differentiate
between animal fat and vegetative oil?
16. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

SECTION D
1. (i) Write the name and formula of (1) an alcohol and (2) a carboxylic acid having two carbon
atoms.
(ii) If alcohol is X and carboxylic acid is Y, then (1) What happens when X and Y react in the
presence of an acid catalyst ? Write chemical equation for the reaction.
(2) What happens when X is heated in excess of conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K ? Write the role of
conc. sulphuric acid in the reaction.
2. (i) What are structural isomers ? Write the structures of two isomers of butane.

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 (ii) Write the name and formula of the simplest saturated hydrocarbon. Write the general
formula of the homologous series of carbon compounds in which this compound can be placed.
Using this formula, find the 2nd member of this series. Write chemical equation for the
reaction when this simplest hydrocarbon burns in air.
3. (i) Define a homologous series of carbon compounds.
(ii) Why is the melting and boiling points of C4H8 higher than that of C3H6 or C2H4?
(iii) Why do we NOT see any gradation in chemical properties of a homologous series
compounds?
(iv) Write the name and structure of (i) aldehyde and (ii) ketone with molecular form C3H6O
4. (i) Write the name and structure of an organic compound “X” having two carbon atoms in its
molecule and its name is suffixed with “–ol”.
(ii) What happens when “X” is heated with excess concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K? Write
chemical equations for the reaction stating the conditions for the reaction. Also state the role
played by concentrated sulphuric acid in the reaction.
(iii) Name and draw the electron dot structure of hydrocarbon produced in the above reaction.
5. (i) Give reason when Carbon can neither form C 4+ cations nor C 4- anions but form covalent
compounds.
(ii) What is homologous series of carbon compound? Write the molecular formula of any two
consecutive members of homologous series of aldehyde.
(iii) Draw the structure of the molecule of cyclohexane (C6H12)
7. (i) Name a commercially important carbon compound having function group –OH and write its
molecular formula.
(ii) Write chemical equation to show its reaction with
(1) Sodium metal
(2) Excess conc. Sulphuric acid
(3) Ethanoic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst
(4) Acidified potassium dichromate
Also write the name of the product formed in each case.
8. (a) Write the molecular formula of methane and ethane, stating the general formula of the
homologous series to which these compounds belong. What is the difference in the molecular
mass in between the two successive members of a homologous series ?
(b) Write the name and molecular formula of an alcohol having two carbon atoms in its
molecule. Write balanced chemical equation to indicate what happens when this compound is
heated at 443 K with excess conc. H2SO4 . Name the main product formed in the reaction
stating the function of conc. H2SO4 in the reaction.
9. (a) How do the following conversions take place ? Write chemical equation for each : (i)
Ethanol to Ethanoic acid (ii) Ethene to Ethane
(b) Give one example each with chemical equation for the following reactions : (i) Combustion
reaction (ii) Substitution reaction (iii) Saponification reaction
10. An acid “X” and an alcohol “Y” react with each other in the presence of an acid catalyst to form
a sweet smelling substance “Z”. Identify X, Y and Z. Write the chemical equation for the reaction
involved and name it. The substance Z on treatment with sodium hydroxide produces back the
alcohol Y and sodium ethanoate. Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved and
name it, giving justification for the name.
11. (a) Name the simplest saturated hydrocarbon. Draw its electron dot structure. Which type of
bonds exists in this compound?
(b) Name any two mixtures of the carbon compound used as a fuel in daily life, of which the
above mentioned compound is an important component.
(c) In which homologous series of carbon compounds can this compound be placed? Write the
general formula of the series.
(d) Which type of flame is produced on burning it?
12. A saturated organic compound “A” belongs to the homologous series of alcohols.
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 On heating “A” with concentrate sulphuric acid at 443 K, it forms an unsaturated compound
“B” with molecule mass 28 u. The compound “B” on addition of one mole of hydrogen in the
presence of Nickel, changes to a saturated hydrocarbon “C”.
(i) Identify A, B and C.
(ii) Write the chemical equations showing the conversion of A into B.
(iii) What happens when compound C undergoes combustion?
(iv) State one industrial application of hydrogenation reaction.
(v) Name the products formed when compound A reacts with sodium.
13. (i) with the help of diagram, show the formation of micelles, when soap is applied on oily dirt.
(ii) Take two test tubes X and Y with 10 mL of hard water in each. In test tube “X” , add few
drops of soap solution and in test tube “Y” add a few drops of detergent solution, Shake both
the test tubes for the same period.
(a) In which test tube the formation of foam will be more? Why ?
(b) In which test tube is a curdy solid formed? Why?
14. A neutral organic compound “X” (Molecular formula C2H6O) on reacting with acidified K2Cr2O7
gives an organic compound “Y” which is acidic in nature. “X” reacts with “Y” on warming in the
presence of conc. H2SO4 to give a sweet smelling compound “Z”.
(i) Identify X, Y and Z
(ii) Write the chemical equations for the reactions in the conversion of (1) X to Y and (2) X to Z.
(iii) State the role of (1) acidified K2Cr2O7 in the conversion of “X” to “Y” and (2) conc. H2SO4 in
the reaction of X and Y.
(iv) Name the reaction which occurs when “Z” reacts with an alkali.
15. Carry out the following conversions, stating the condition(s) for each :
(i) Ethanol Ethene (ii) Ethene Ethane
(iii) Ethane Chloroethane (iv) Ethanol Ethanoic acid
(v) Ethanoic acid Ethyl ethanoate
16. Write the chemical equation where
(a) Catalyst is required (b) Oxidising agent is used to oxidised
(c) Dehydrating agent is used
SECTION E
1. Ethanol (commonly known as alcohol) is an important carbon compound widely used in
industries, hospitals, etc. Because it is a very good solvent, it is used in medicines such as cough
syrups, tincture iodine and many tonics. As it is a cleaner fuel, ethanol is used as an additive in
petrol in most of the developed countries of the world.
(a) Write the structure of ethanol.
(b) Name the products formed when ethanol burns in sufficient air (oxygen).
(c) (i) State what happens when 5% solution of alkaline potassium permanganate is added to
warm ethanol. Draw the structure of the product formed and state the role of 5% solution of
alkaline potassium permanganate in the reaction.
(ii) State what happens when ethanol is heated with excess conc. H2SO4 at 443 K. Draw the
structure of the product formed and state the role of conc. H2SO4 in the reaction.
2. More than three million carbon compounds have been discovered in the field of chemistry . The
diversity of these compounds is due to the capacity of carbon atoms for bonding with one another
as well as with other atoms. Most of the carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity and
have low melting and boiling points.
(a) Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional
group –Br.
(b) Given below are the formulae of some functional groups:

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 Write the name of these functional groups.
(c) What would be observed on adding A 5% alkaline potassium permanganate drop by drop
to some ethanol taken in a test tube? State the role of KMnO4 in the reaction and write the
chemical equation for the reaction involved.
(d) Write the name of the compound formed when ethanol is heated 443 K temperature with
excess of conc. H2SO4. What is the role of conc. H2SO4 in the reaction? Write the chemical
equation for the reaction involved.
3. Carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis of all living organisms and many of the things
we use. A large variety of compounds is formed because of its tetravalency. Compounds of carbon
are formed with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many other elements. Answer
the following questions :
(a) What are hydrocarbons ?
(b) List two properties by virtue of which carbon can form a large number of compounds.
(c) Write the formula of the functional group present in (1) aldehydes, and (2) ketones. Write
chemical equation for the reaction that occurs between ethanoic acid and ethanol in the
presence of a catalyst.
(d) What are structural isomers ? Write the structures of two isomers of butane (C4H10 ).

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