DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEHRADUN
UTTARAKHAND

Program: Diploma (Civil Engineering)

Geotechnical Engineering Lab (025002P)
Laboratory Manual

Lab Assistant Lab Incharge

H.O.D
 Dev Bhoomi Institute of Polytechnic
Dehradun
Department of Civil engineering

COURSE: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERNG LAB CODE: 025002

CLASS: Diploma CE V SEMESTER ACADEMIC YEAR: 2021-22

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To determine the moisture content of a given sample of soil

2. To determine field density Measurement (Sand Replacement and Core Cutter Method)

3. In-situ density of natural or compacted soil using Sand replacement method

4. To determine liquid limit of given soil sample.

5. To determine plastic limit of given soil sample.

6. To determine particle size distribution of soil sample by sieve analysis.

7. To determine dry density of soil sample by standard proctor test.

 DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
EXPERIMENTS SHEET

Course Name: Geotechnical Engineering Lab

Experiment No.1
Branch: CE Semester: V
Course Code: 025002P

Date of Conduction:
Experiment Title: Determine the moisture content of a given sample
of soil

Aim : To determine the water content of soil solids by Oven Drying method

Apparatus Required:

a. Thermostatically controlled oven maintained at a temperature of 110 ± 5oC

b. Weighing balance, with an accuracy of 0.04% of the weight of the soil taken
c. Air-tight container made of non-corrodible material with lid
d. Tongs

Specifications:
This test is done as per IS: 2720 (Part II) – 1973. The soil specimen should be representative of the soil
mass. The quantity of the specimen taken would depend upon the gradation and the maximum size of the
particles. For more than 90% of the particles passing through 425 micron IS sieve, the minimum quantity is
25g.

Theory:
In almost all soil tests natural moisture content of the soil is to be determined. The knowledge of the
natural moisture content is essential in all studies of soil mechanics. To sight a few, natural moisture
content is used in determining the bearing capacity and settlement. The natural moisture content will give
an idea of the state of soil in the field. Water content, w of a soil mass is defined as the ratio of mass of
water in the voids to the mass of solids:

w= ((W2-W3)/(W3-W1))×100%

Where, W1= Weight of empty container in grams

W2 = Weight of container + wet soil in grams
W3 = Weight of container + dry soil in gram
Procedure:
1.Clean the container with lid dry it and weigh it (W1).
2.Take a specimen of the sample in the container and weigh with lid (W2).
3.Keep the container in the oven with lid removed. Dry the specimen to constant weight maintaining the
temperature between 1050 C to 1100 C for a period varying with the type of soil but usually 16 to 24 hours
4.Record the final constant weight (W3) of the container with dried soil sample. Peat and other organic soils are
to be dried at lower temperature (say 600 ) possibly for a longer period.
5.Certain soils contain gypsum which on heating loses its water if crystallization. If itb is suspected that gypsum
is present in the soil sample used for moisture content determination it shall be dried at not more than 800 C and
possibly for a longer time.

Specimen calculations:
w= ((W2-W3)/(W3-W1))×100%

Result:
The natural moisture content of the soil sample is ________
 DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
EXPERIMENTS SHEET

Course Name: : Geotechnical Engineering Lab

Experiment No.2
Branch: Semester: V
Course Code: 025002P CE

Date of Conduction:
Experiment Title: Field density or unit weight of soil by Core cutter method.

Aim: To determine the field density or unit weight of soil by Core cutter method.
Specifications:
This test is done to determine the in-situ dry density of soil by core cutter method as per IS-2720-Part-
29 (1975). Core cutter method in particular, is suitable for soft to medium cohesive soils, in which the
cutter can be driven. It is not possible to drive the cutter into hard and boulder soils.

Equipments Required:
a. Cylindrical core cutter, 100mm internal diameter and 130mm long.
b. Steel dolley, 25mm high and 100mm internal diameter.
c. Steel rammer mass 9kg, overall length with the foot and staff about 900mm.
d. Balance, with an accuracy of 1g.

e. Palette knife, Straight edge, steel rule etc.

f. Square metal tray – 300mm x 300mm x40mm.

g. Trowel.

Theory:
Field density is defined as weight per unit volume of soil mass in the field at in- situ conditions. In the spot
adjacent to that where the field density by sand replacement method has been determined or planned, drive
the core cutter using the dolley over the core cutter. Stop ramming when the dolley is just proud of the
surface. Dig out the cutter containing the soil out of the ground and trim off any solid extruding from its
ends, so that the cutter contains a volume of soil equal to its internal volume which is determined from the
dimensions of the cutter. The weight of the contained soil is found and its moisture content determined.
Equations are;
ρd = ρt /(1+w) gm/cm³
Where, ρd = dry density in g/cm3,
ρt = field moist density in g/cm3,
w =water content %/100,
ϒw = density of water = 1000
Procedure:
a) Measure the height and internal diameter of the core cutter to the nearest 0.25 mm.
b) Calculate the internal volume of the core-cutter Vc in cm³.
c) Determine the weight of the clean cutter accurate to 1 g (W1 in g).
d) Select the area in the field where the density is required to be found out. Clean and level the ground
where the density is to be determined.

e) Place the dolley over the top of the core cutter and press the core cutter into the soil mass using the
rammer. Stop the pressing when about 15mm of the dolley protrudes above the soil surface.
f) Remove the soil surrounding the core cutter by digging using spade, up to the bottom level of the cutter.
Lift up the cutter and remove the dolley and trim both sides of the cutter with knife and straight edge.
g) Clean the outside surface of the cutter and determine mass of the cutter with the soil (W2 in g).
h) Remove the soil core from the cutter and take the representative sample in the water content containers
to determine the moisture content.
i) The field test may be repeated at other places if required.
j) The water content of sample collected is determined in the laboratory as per Experiment no 3
(Determination of water content of soil solids by Oven Drying Method).
k) Use the above equation, given the theory section, for determining density of soil (ρd).
Observations:
Length of core cutter l= ---------------------------- cm
Diameter of core cutter d= ----------------------- cm
Volume of core cutter=Vc= --------------------- cm

Table 5: Weights of core cutter

Test nos.
S. No. Particulars
1 (ρd1) 2 (ρd2) 3 (ρd3)
1. Weight of empty cutter (W1), g

2. Weight of cutter + wet soil (W2), g

3. Volume of core cutter (Vc) cm³

4. Weight ass of empty container (W3), g

5. Weight of container + wet soil (W4), g

6. Weight of container + dry soil (W5), g

7. Water content (w)=(W4-W5)/(W5-W3)

8. Field moist density ρt (kN/m³) = (W2-W1)/Vc

9. Dry density ρd (kN/m³) = ρt /(1+w)

10. Average density, Avg. ρd

Specimen calculations:
Avg. ρd = (ρd1+ ρd2+ρd3)/3

Result:
Average in-situ field dry density: =--------------

Conclusion:
The value of dry density of the soil is _. The type of soil is
 DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
EXPERIMENTS SHEET

Course Name: Geotechnical Engineering Lab

Experiment No.3
Branch: Semester: V
Course Code025002P CE

Date of Conduction:
Experiment Title:In-situ density of natural or compacted soil using Sand
replacement method

Aim: To determine in-situ density of natural or compacted soil using Sand replacement method.
Specifications:
This test is done to determine the in-situ dry density of soil by core cutter method as per IS-2720-Part-28
(1975). In order to conduct the test, select uniformly graded clean sand passing through 600 micron IS
sieve and retained on 300 micron IS sieve.

Equipments Required:
a. Sand pouring cylinder of about 3 litre capacity (Small pouring cylinder as per IS 2720 Part28)
b. Cylindrical calibrating container 10 cm internal diameter and 15 cm depth
c. Glass plate, trays, containers for determining water content
d. Tools for making of a hole of 10 cm diameter and 15 cm deep, knife and other accessories
e. Metal container to collect excavated soil
f. Metal tray, 300mm square and 40mm deep with a hole of 100mm in diameter at the centre
g. Weighing balance
h. Moisture content cans
i. Glass plate about 450 mm/600 mm square and 10mm thick
j. Oven
k. Desiccators

Theory:
By conducting this test, it is possible to determine the field density of the soil. The moisture content is likely to
vary from time and hence the field density also. So it is required to report the test result in terms of dry density.
In sand replacement method, a small cylindrical pit is excavated and the weight of the soil excavated from the pit
is measured. Sand whose density is known is filled into the pit. By measuring the weight of sand required to fill
the pit and knowing its density, the volume of pit is calculated. Knowing the weight of excavated from the pit
and the volume of pit, the density of soil is calculated. Therefore, in this experiment there are two stages, namely
1. Calibration of sand density
2. Measurement of soil density

Field density is defined as weight per unit volume of soil mass in the field at in-situ conditions. Equations
 are: ρd = ρt/(1+w) gm/cm3
or ᵧd= ᵧt/(1+w) KN/m3
Where, ρd= dry density,
ᵧd= dry unit weight,
ρt= field moist density,
ᵧt= field moist unit weight,
w= water content,
ᵧw= unit weight of water = 9.81 KN/m3
The basic equations in determination of density using sand replacement method are:

Vh=Ws/(Gxρw)
ρt =M/Vh
ρd= ρt/(1+w)
Where, Vh = Volume of hole made in the field.
Ws = weight of the sand that fills the hole.
W = weight of moist soil removed from the hole.
w = moisture content of soil removed from the hole.
ρt = moist soil in-situ density.
ρd = dry density of the soil.
G = specific gravity of the solids.
ᵧw = density of the water

Procedure:
Stage1 –Determination of mass of sand that fills the cone

a) Measure the internal dimensions (diameter, d and height, h) of the calibrating can and compute its
internal volume, Vc=πd2h/4
b) With the valve closed, fill the cylinder with sand
Weight of sand filled in the cylinder+cylinder W’= ---------------------------- gms.
c) Keep the cylinder on a glass plate, which is kept on a horizontal surface.
d) Open the valve and allow the sand to fill the cone completely. Close the valve.
Weight of sand in the cylinder +cylinder W”= -------------------------- gms
e) Determine the mass of the sand left in the cylinder. Weight of sand fills
the conical portion=W1=W’-W”

f) The difference between the mass of sand taken prior to opening of the valve and the weight of sand left in
the cylinder after opening the valve gives the weight of sand that fills the cone. Let the mass be W1.

Determination of bulk density of sand

a) Measure the internal dimensions of the calibrating container and find its volume. Length of
calibrating container l= -----------------------------------------cm
Diameter of calibrating container d= ----------------------------- cm
Volume of calibrating container Vc= ----------------------------- cm3
Let this volume be Vc
b) Place the pouring cylinder concentrically on the top of the calibrating container with the valve closed.
Fill the cylinder with sand up to about 1 cm below the top. Weight of cylinderW1= g
Weight of cylinder +sand in the cylinder W2= ----------------------------- g
Weight of sand filled in the cylinder Wo=W2-W1= ---------------------------- g
Let the weight of sand filled be Wo.
c)Open the valve of the cylinder and allow the sand to flow into the container. When no further movement
of sand is seen, close the valve. Find the weight of the sand left in the cylinder
Weight of cylinder +sand after filling the calibrating container W3= gms.
Determine the weight of sand that fills the calibrating container Wc=W2-W3=-----

d)The bulk density of sand ρs=Wc/Vc

Stage 2 - Determination of in-situ density:

a) Level the area where the density is required.

b) Place the metal plate on the surface, which is having a circular hole of about 10 cm diameter at the
centre. Dig a hole of this diameter up to about 15 cm depth collect all the excavated soil in a container.
Let the weight of the soil removed = W2= --------------------------------- g

c) Remove the plate and place the sand-pouring cylinder concentrically on the hole. Fill the cylinder with
sand up to a constant level mark with the shutter valve closed. Open the valve and allow the sand to run
into the hole till no movement of the sand is noticed. Close the valve and determine the mass of sand that
is left in the cylinder
Weight of cylinder+sand after filling the hole completely W4=…. g
Weight of sand filling only the hole in the field Ws=W2-W4-Wc=…… g
Volume of the hole,Vh=Ws/ ρs
Where, ρs=bulk density of sand.
d) Bulk density of soil in-situ, ρt, is
ρt=W/Vh=(W/Ws) x ρs

Determination of Water content of soil collected from the hole:

Weight of empty container (W5) = --------------------- g

Weight of container + wet soil (W6) =----------------- g

Weight of container + dry soil (W7) = ---------------- g
Water content (w) = (W6-W7)/(W7-W5)
Dry density of sand ρd= ρt/(1+w)=………….g/cm3
 Result:
1. Weight of wet soil from the hole, W= gm
2. Water content of the soil, w= %
3. Weight of sand that fills the hole= gm
4. Volume of the hole Vh=Ws/ ρs= cm3
5. Bulk density of the soil = ρt=W/Vh= gm/cm3
6. Dry density ρd= ρt/(1+w)= gm/cm3

Conclusion:
The dry density of the soil g/cc.
Comparing with the in-situ density by core cutter method, more or less the same value is
achieved. The type of soil is silt- clay.
 DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
EXPERIMENTS SHEET

Course Name: Highway& Airport Engineering. Lab

Experiment No.4
Branch: CE Semester: V
Course Code: 025005P

Date of Conduction:
Experiment Title: Liquid limit of fine soil

Aim: To determine liquid limit of fine soil by using Casagrande apparatus.

.

Specifications:
This test is done to determine liquid limit of soil as per IS: 2720(Part 5)-1985. After receiving the
soil sample it is dried in air or in oven (maintained at a temperature of 60 0C). If clods are there in soil
sample then it is broken with the help of wooden mallet. The soil passing 425 micron sieve is used in
this test.

Equipments Required:
a. A mechanical liquid limit apparatus (casagrande type) with grooving tools.
b. Evaporating dishes, wash bottle etc.
c. Balance accurate to 0.01g.
d. Airtight container to determine water content.
e. Oven to maintain temperature
f. Sieve (425micron).

Theory:
Consistency of fine-grained soils may be defined as the relative ease with which a soil can be remoulded.
Consistency limits may be categorized into three limits called Atterberg limits.They are 1) Liquid limit 2)
Plastic limit and 3) Shrinkage limit
Liquid limit is the moisture content that defines where the soil changes from a plastic to a viscous
fluid state. Other limits will be discussed during corresponding experiments.

Procedure:
1. A representative sample of mass of about 120 gm passing through 425 μ IS sieve is taken for the
test. Mix the soil in an evaporating dish with distilled water to form a uniform paste.
2. Adjust the cup of the device so that the fall of the cup on to the hard rubber base is 10mm.
3. Transfer the portion of the paste to the cup of liquid limit device. Allow some time for the soil to
have uniform distribution of water.
4. Level the soil topsoil so that the maximum depth of soil is 12 mm. A channel of 11 mm wide at
 the top, 2 mm at the bottom and 8 mm deep is cut by the grooving tool. The grooving tool is held
normal to the cup and the groove is cut through the sample along the symmetrical axis of the top.
5. The handle of the device is turned at a rate of about 2 revolutions per second and the number of
blows necessary to close the groove along the bottom distance of 12 mm is counted. A sample of
soil which closes the groove is collected.
6. The soil in the cup is re-mixed thoroughly (adding some more soil if required) some quantity of
water which changes the consistency of soil, repeat the process. At least 4 tests should be
conducted by adjusting the water contents of the soil in the cup in such a way that the number of
blows required to close the groove may fall within the range of 5 to 40 blows. A plot of water
content against the log of blows is made as shown in figure. The water content at 25 blows gives
the liquid limit.

Table 8: Number of blows vs Water Content

Trial W1 W2 W3 W4

No of blows (N)

Weight of Container (W1)

Weight of Container + Wet soil (W2)

Weight of Container + dry soil (W3)

Water content w=(W2-W3)/(W3-W1)

Water content,
w=(w1+w2+w3+w4)/4

Graph:A semi-log plot of Number of blows Vs water Content is drawn from the table data.

50

W1
Water 40
content W2

10
N1 N2
1 10 25 100

Number of blows, N (log

scale)
Result:
From the graph drawn, flow index If=(w1-w2)/log (N2/N1)= ---------

And Liquid Limit= ----------------- %

Conclusion:
As per the procedure the experiment is carried out. For 25 blows, water content is
%.
 DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
EXPERIMENTS SHEET

Course Name: Highway& Airport Engineering. Lab

Experiment No.5
Course Code: 025005P Branch: CE Semester: V

Faculty Name:
Date of Conduction:
Experiment Title: Plastic limit of the soil.

Aim : To determine plastic limit of the soil.

Specifications:
This test is done to determine the plastic limit of soil as per IS: 2720 (Part 5) – 1985. Take out 30g of air-
dried soil from a thoroughly mixed sample of the soil passing through 425µm IS Sieve. Mix the soil with
distilled water in an evaporating dish and leave the soil mass for 24hrs.

Equipments Required:
a) Porcelain evaporating dish.
b) Flat glass plate.
c) Balance accurate to 0.01g.
d) Drying oven, maintained at 110 ± 5°C (230 ±9°F).
e) Weighing dishes, non-absorbent, with lids.
f) Flexible spatula, blade approximately 102 mm (4 in.) long × 19 mm (0.75 in.)wide

Theory:
The plastic limit is the moisture content that defines where the soil changes from a semi-solid to a plastic
state. It may also be defined as that water content at which soil starts crumbling when rolled into threads
of 3mm diameter. Use the paste from liquid limit test and begin drying. May add dry soil or spread on
plate and air dry.

Procedure:
a) Select a representative sample of fine-grained soil of about 20 g or more passing through 420 μ IS
sieve. Mix it with distilled water thoroughly on a glass plate such that the palm of the soil can be
rolled into a thread of 3 mm diameter. Allow some time for the proper distribution mixed with
water.
b) Take about 10 g of this wet sail and roll it into a thread on a glass plate with the palm of the hand.
The rolling must be such that it forms a uniform thread of 3 mm diameter. If the thread cracks
before attaining 3 mm diameter, and add little more water, knead it and roll again. If the rolling can
be done to diameter less than 3 mm, mix some dry soil, knead it to remove same extra moisture in
the soil. This process has to continue till the sample crumbles just at about 3 mm diameter. Collect
the crumbled soil (at least 6 g) and measure its water content.
c) Repeat the process to get at least three water content determination (after they have been in the
 oven at least 16hours)..
d) The average of water content so obtained is the plastic limit of the soil.

Table 9: Water content of 3 mm soil

Trail No (w1) (w2) (w3) (w4)
Weight of Container (W1), g
Weight of Container + Wet soil (W2), g
Weight of Container + dry soil (W3), g

Result:
The Plastic limit of soil (average water content)is
Plasticity index = wp –wL

Conclusion:
The plastic limit of the soil= and Plasticity index=
The type of soil is
 DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
EXPERIMENTS SHEET

Course Name: Highway& Airport Engineering. Lab

Experiment No.6
Branch: CE Semester: V
Course Code: 025005P

Date of Conduction:
Experiment Title: Particle size distribution by sieving.

Aim: To determine particle size distribution by sieving.

Specifications:
This test is specified in IS: 2720 (Part 4) – 1985 – Method of test for soil (Part 4- Grain size analysis).

Equipments Required:
a) Sieves of sizes: 4.75 mm , 2.0 mm, 1.0 mm, 600 micron, 300 micron, 150 micron and 75 micron.
b) Thermostatically controlled oven.
c) Trays, sieve brushes, mortar with a rubber covered pestle, etc.
d) Mechanical sieve shaker etc.

Theory:
The grain size analysis is widely used in classification of soils. The data obtained from grain size
distribution curves is used in the design of filters for earth dams and to determine suitability of soil for road
construction, air field etc. Information obtained from grain size analysis can be used to predict soil water
movement although permeability tests are generally used. The method is applicable to dry soil passing
through 4.75 mm size sieve less than 10 % passing through 75-micron sieve.

Percentage retained on any sieve =(weight of soil retained / total weight)×100

Cumulative percentage retained = sum of percentages retained on any sieve on all coarser sieve

Percentage finer than any sieve = 100 percent minus cumulative Size, N percentage retained

Procedures:
a) Take a representative sample of soil received from the field and dry it in the oven.
b) Use a known mass of dried soil with all the grains properly separated out. The maximum
mass of soil taken for analysis may not exceed 500g.
c) Prepare a stack of sieves. Set the sieves one over the other with an ascending order (sieves
having larger opening sizes i.e., lower numbers are placed above the one with smaller
 opening sizes i.e., smaller numbers). The very last sieve is #200 (75μ sieve). A pan is
attached to the lowest 75μ sieve to collect the portions passing #200 sieve and fit the nest to
a mechanical shaker.
d) Make sure sieves are clean. If many soil particles are stuck in the openings try to poke them
out using brush.
e) The whole nest of sieves is given a horizontal shaking for 10 min in sieve shaker till the soil
retained on each reaches a constant value.
f) Determine mass of soil retained on each sieve including that collected in the pan below.
Table 7: Sieve Analysis data sheet
S.No IS Particle Mass Corrected Cumulative Cumulative %
Sieve(mm) Size (mm) Retained (g) Mass Retained Mass % Retained
Retained (g) Finer
(g)

1 4.75 4.75

2 2.00 2.00

3 1.00 1.00

4 0.600 0.600

5 0.300 0.300

6 0.150 0.150

7 0.075 0.075

8 pan

Cumulative Mass retained W’= gm

 DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
EXPERIMENTS SHEET

Course Name: Geotechnical Engineering-I

Lab Experiment No.7
Branch: CE Semester: V
Course Code: BCEP-502

Date of Conduction:
Experiment Title: Determine moisture content–dry density
relationship by standard proctor test.

Aim: To determine moisture content–dry density relationship by standard proctor test.

Specifications:
The experiment is conducted as per IS 2720-7(1980).

Equipment Required:
a) Typical equipment for proctor test
b) Other accessories are: Balance, oven, straight edge, sieves, metal hammer. etc.

Theory:
The objectives of compaction are:
a) To increase soil shear strength and therefore its bearing capacity.
b) To reduce subsequent settlement under working loads.
c) To reduce soil permeability making it more difficult for water to flow through

To assess the degree of compaction, it is necessary to use the dry unit weight, which is an indicator of
compactness of solid soil particles in a given volume. The laboratory testing is meant to establish the
maximum dry density that can be attained for a given soil with a standard amount of compactive effort.

1. Bulk density ϒt =(M2-M1)/V

2. Dry density ρd = ρt/(1 +w)
3. Dry density ρd for zero air voids line.
ρd = Gρw/(1 + (wG/S))

Where, M1 = mass of mould used for proctor test

M2 = mass of mould + compacted soil.
M = mass of wet soil.
V = volume of mould.
ρw = density of water.
G = Specific gravity of soils.
W = water content.S = degree of saturation
Procedure

a) Select a representative soil sample of about 2.5 kg. The material used for the test must be finer than 20
mm sieve. Air-dry sample.
b) Add sufficient water to the sample (about 7 % for sandy soils and 10 % for clay soils), which will be less
than the estimated optimum moisture content. Mix the soil thoroughly and keep this in an airtight
container for a period of 20hours.
c) Fix the mould to the base plate after cleaning its inside surface. Find the mass of the mould with the base
plate (M1).
d) Attach the extension collar to the mould.
e) Take about 2.5 kg of soil in an air tight container and compact it in the mould in three equal layers each
layer is compacted by giving 25 blows by the hammer weighing 2.6 kg and dropping from a height of
310 mm. The compaction must be uniform over the whole area, and a spatula scratches each layer before
adding another layer. The filling must be such that the last layer projects into the collar by about 5 mm. After the
completion of compaction, remove the collar and remove the excess soil with the help of a straight edge. Find the
mass of the mould with the base plate and the soil (M2). Remove the soil from the mould by making use of an
ejector and take a representative sample for water content determination.
f) Carry out the tests 3 to 4 times by repeating the steps from (e) onwards. Each time use a fresh soil
sample.
 Observations and tabulation:
The following observations were made on the compaction of a soil by standard proctor test. Six tests
were carried out on the selected samples of soil by varying the water content. Water contents of
samples of each test were found out by the procedure explained earlier.
The test results are tabulated below.
Table 15: Weight of Soil for varying water content
Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Mass of empty mould M1 g

Volume of mould, cm3

Mass of mould + sample,

M2,g
Mass of wet soil, M,g

Wet density, ρt g/cm3

Water content, w%
Dry density, ρd, g/cm3

W1 for calculation of
saturation line %
ρd, g/cm3for S=100%
ρd, g/cm3for S=80%
Note: Plot dry density vs. moisture content and find out the max dry density and
optimum moisture for the soil. Also, mark the 100 % and 80 % saturation lines.

Result:
Maximum dry density .g/cm3 Optimum
moisture contentw= %

Conclusion:
The maximum density of the soil is with an OMC of .
This indicates, after w%, any additional water addition, there is no gain in strength of soil.