Swimming Pool Installation

TECHNICAL BULLETIN . SWIMMING POOLS 1.17.01

OVERVIEW

Fox Blocks provides many advantages for swimming pools. Structural

stability is one, but the main benefit is operational energy savings.
Fox Blocks pool walls provide a double insulated wall assembly that
works to maintain the water temperature, dramatically reducing heat
loss through the sidewalls 24 hours a day. Studies have determined
that a pool loses about 70-80 percent of its heat through the floor
slab and the walls because the ground conducts heat more easily
than the surface air. Insulated pool walls reduces the pool water
heating system's load, providing huge operational energy savings
annually for the pool life. Fox Blocks walls stabilize the pool’s
temperature, enabling a longer pool season over regular concrete,
metal or fiberglass pools. Controlling the pool water temperature
is vital for personal comfort and enjoyment.

Builders appreciate ICF pool construction because it is faster and

easier than other concrete pool construction. Fox Blocks provides
flexibility in design, plus saves time and money in the construction.

Building a pool, either above or below grade, with Fox Blocks Refer to 1.05.08 Swimming Pool Engineering
may be considered a DIY project, but both types of pool wall and Design Guide – Prescriptive Tables
footing constructions must follow an engineered design guide.
Building swimming pools with Fox Blocks is a viable construction
method with lasting benefits, for residential or commercial
projects, big or small.

Fox Blocks' pool installations follow the standard design and install Refer to Fox Blocks Training – Integrated
criteria as detailed for small residential house construction. All the Learning Center for the Primary
Installer Training, recommended for
Fox Blocks products and accessories are compatible for installation procedures.
pool construction.
www.foxblocks.com/ILC

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Fox Blocks Swimming Pool Solution

• Fox Blocks is designed and utilized for

any below and above wall construction
• As a modular concrete forming product,
speed of construction is one of the
main advantages
• Easy to handle with no large equipment
or special tools required
• Design flexibility for any custom pool size
or wall heights – indoors or outdoors
• Suitable for any pool finish, providing
a solid smooth substrate
• Superior strength and durability
• Optional construction cost saving with
guidance on a DIY application
• Reduces heat loss through the pools
side walls, stabilizing water temperature
for energy savings
• Versatile design for copings, decks, steps,
waterfalls, ladders, etc.
• Full line of Fox Blocks products, sizes,
corners and radius blocks to suit
any design

POOL DESIGN BASICS

It is crucial to take your conceptual design in the initial design stages Check your local bylaws and codes for
to consult with the following experts for confirmation and compatibility pool requirements and permit approvals.
of the design. These consultations may provide excellent advice on
design related to cost items, size, and shape of the pool, plus the
planning for services and installation requirements.

Pool Equipment Supplier – the selection of equipment and its

location is a particular design element. The Supplier will recommend
the correct equipment size for your pools' water volume, plus the
most feasible place for the equipment and the requirement for
electrical and plumbing connections. Trenching will be required
during the excavation phase - for services from the pool equipment,
for piping under the footings and pool slab. Sleeves, skimmers,
scupper, and the main drain needs to be reviewed for housing
size, location and installation requirements.

All service penetrations through/under the walls or footings should

be identified and be adequately suited for installation in the ICF wall
assembly. Most services, such as plumbing and electrical, are
required to be installed before concrete placement.

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Pool Finish Supplier/Installer – There are numerous types of

finishes available – vinyl, tile, plaster, thermoplastic, etc. that are
compatible with ICF pool walls. Confirm the base coat and finishing
material application requirements, over the ICF substrate, with the
selected pool finish supplier/installer.

Coping Choice – there is a wide variety of pool coping for the top of
the wall. The most common are these different types and materials -
pre-manufactured plastic C-channel, precast, or formed concrete.
Select the coping style and type for the pool. Plan for connection
details into the concrete walls, establish the finished concrete wall
height and pool deck height to suit the coping.

Skimmer/Scupper – as with coping, there are various methods and

systems for skimmers/scuppers to be installed either on the side of
the pool wall or along the wall's top surface. Consideration is also
required for the piping from the skimmers/scuppers to the pump.
Plumbing should not be installed within the concrete core of the pool
walls. Skimmers/scuppers will have to be formed into the concrete
walls. Establish the locations and the installation detail.

DESIGN LAYOUT

Shape - the shape of a pool is unlimited and can be accommodated Refer to Technical Bulletin
with Fox Blocks straight forms, 90˚ or 45˚ corners, or radius block for 1.01.16 Radius Block
round corners and curved walls.

Radius blocks are available in the 6" form with radiuses of 5', 6', 7',
8', 9', and 10'. Straight forms 6" and 8" can be cut to accommodate
any radius.

Width and Length – the engineering allows pools to be any width

or length. As with any design using Fox Blocks, efficiency and
economy are best achieved if the design follows the block coursing
in length and height. If required, cutting the blocks to suit any size
Refer to Technical Bulletins:
is easily done.
1.03.01 Optimizing Wall Lengths
1.03.02 Vertical Coursing
1.03.03 Sizes, Volumes and Weight

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Depth – below grade pools may vary depending on style for the
bottom–level, shallow to deep, sport type, walk-in, etc.

The Swimming Pool Engineering Design Guide identifies wall and

backfill design heights for pool walls. Going from a shallow end to a
deep end, sloped bottoms are designed with a stepped footing and
the slab is connected with rebar and concrete into the side walls.
Pools deeper than the Prescriptive Engineering tables must be
designed by a registered engineer.

REINFORCING AS REQUIRED

CONTINUOUS STRIP FOOTING

1'-4" [406mm]
TYPICAL RISE

Height Layout – above and below ground pools are limited per the
concrete core thickness per height as detailed in Prescriptive Tables.
Fox Blocks are 16" in height and are available in half blocks 8" high.
Note that cutting a block horizontally means the interlock is removed
on one surface. Since the blocks are reversible, a half-height block
may be used elsewhere in the wall. The layout is recommended to
place these cut blocks either on the first course, flat cut side down
on the footing, or as the top course, with the flat side up. If a block is
cut horizontally to achieve a specific wall height, other than at the 8"
dimension, that block can be used at the top of the wall or as a
starter course at the bottom of the wall.

Concrete Core Size – pool walls may be either a 6" or 8" concrete Thicker concrete exceeding an 8" core has
core size. Follow the Engineering Design Guide Prescriptive tables little benefit in increasing thermal efficiency.
for concrete core size and reinforcement requirements.

Extras – accessories such as ladders, steps, seats, etc., should be

addressed and incorporated into the design with attachment and
support details into the concrete walls. Steps may be formed for
concrete and integrated with the ICF walls. Prefabricated steps
require attachment and support points as per the manufacturer’s
instructions.

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ENGINEERING

Fox Blocks has published a Swimming Pool Engineering Design

Guide developed by a registered engineer. These prescriptive tables
provide a design guide for above and below ground pool walls,
footings and reinforcement.

Pool walls are basically retaining walls, the large offset footings Refer to 1.05.08 Engineered Details
are designed with reinforcement to tie the walls and the footings SPW – 1 to 5
to support the lateral loads on the walls. The flat pool slabs are
connected to the footing and sloped pool slabs are connected
to the walls.

Follow the Engineering Design Guide specifications on the concrete

mix design, strength, and reinforcement bar sizes and spacing. The
concrete mix design shall meet the Fox Blocks criteria for slump
and aggregate size.

Pool designs using Fox Blocks that exceed the Engineering

Design Guide's limitations must be designed and sealed by a
registered Engineer.

INSTALLATION PROCESS

1. Site Preparation
Stake out the pool location and the equipment location. Ensure
there is sufficient space around the pool to accommodate a pool
deck, fencing, etc. The main issue is getting a backhoe into the
yard to dig the hole and remove the excavated earth. Have a plan
for removing the excavated soil, which may not be suitable
for backfill.

Another issue is to review the site drainage to ensure the

surrounding groundwater will not flow into or towards the pool.
Set the grades to ensure pool wall heights, with finished coping,
is not too low or high for the finished patio or pool deck. The
finished pool deck around the pool should slope ¼" for every
foot away from the edge of the pool.

To suit the footing engineering, determine the bearing capacity Minimum Bearing Capacity Soil – 2000 PSF
of the soil and the soil type being used for backfilling. Backfill materials are recommended
to have Equivalent Fluid Pressure of
45 PCF or less.
For below-ground pools, anticipate a perimeter drainage system
around the bottom of the pool walls. This drainage system needs
to drain groundwater away from the pool foundation.

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2. Footings
Below Grade Pools
The layout and construction of the footings is a crucial building
design element. Follow these construction guidelines:

• Footings shall bear on undisturbed soil.

• Follow the Swimming Pool Engineering Design Guide for footing
sizes – width and depth and the reinforcement requirements.
• Dowels and hooked rebar must be embedded in the concrete
connecting the footings to the pool floor slab and the
pool walls.
• If the pool floor slab slopes from the shallow to the deep end,
the footings are required to step down to accommodate the
slope. Any steps should follow the Fox Block coursing height of
8" ,16" or 24". This eliminates extra cutting of the blocks, which
may increase waste. Fox Blocks is reversible, so cutting a block
in half at 8" allows both halves to be used.
• The top of the footings is to be level within a tolerance of ¼".
• Ensure all services, i.e., plumbing, main drain, electrical,
are installed either under or through the footings before
concrete placement.

Above Grade Pools

The footings and pool floor slab are engineered and built as
one element.

• Ensure soil bearing surface is acceptable for pool loads. Above ground floor slabs shall have
reinforcement dowels installed to provide
• The footings and pool floor slab can have the concrete placed
lateral support for the wall, as per
at the same time. Engineering Guide drawings.
• Ensure all services, i.e., plumbing, main drain, electrical, are
located and installed under the footings and slab before
concrete placement.
• The pool floor slab shall have a waterproofing admixture in
the concrete.

3. Building Pool Walls

In laying out the blocks, the following important steps must
be followed:

• Install horizontal rebar as required per course.

• Install blocks in a running bond pattern.
• Use Fox Blocks HV Clips to lock blocks horizontally and
vertically as the walls are built.
• Cut blocks vertically on the designated cut lines to maintain
the interlock or create one standing seam per wall.
• If step footings are required, start the block layout from the Refer to Technical Bulletin
lowest level and work upward. 1.02.04 Standing Seam.

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First Course
Start by placing the 90˚ corner blocks at each corner, then place
the straight blocks out from the corners. As required, cut only one
straight block to achieve the correct wall length. Cut the block on
a cut line (indented line on the block) to maintain the next course's
interlock or establish a location for a standing seam joint.

If curved or radius walls are in the design layout, work the straight
blocks between the curved section and the corners in that section
of the wall and set up the complete perimeter establishing the
first-row coursing, cuts, and seams before proceeding to the
next course.

For curved walls, ensure the rebar is bent precisely, or it may act
Refer to Technical Bulletin 1.01.09 HV Clips.
as a spring moving the wall assembly.

Install horizontal rebar as required, and lock blocks together with

Fox Blocks HV clips.

Second Course
The blocks are installed in a running bond pattern to lock the
courses together, so starting at the corner, place the block's short
leg over the long leg of the 1st corner block.

Once the 2nd course is in place, check the dimensions, and level
the walls' top as required. Either add shims under the 1st course or
shave some EPS to level the wall. If walls are not level, the forms
will not align correctly as the walls are built higher.

After the 2nd course is complete, with HV clips and rebar, use a Review Spray Foam Video
spray foam adhesive to tack the first course to the footing. This https://foxblockstraining.com/videos/#
will eliminate the movement of the walls.

Final Courses
After the 2nd course is complete, the 3rd course will match the Fox Blocks does not require adhesives
to bind the blocks together horizontally
1st-course layout, and the 4th course will match the 2nd-course
or vertically
layout and similarly on to the top course.

Install services or appropriate sleeves for services as required

through the wall assembly.

Install HV clips and horizontal rebar as required in each course.

For walls over four courses in height, temporary bracing may be
required to support the wall before concrete placement.

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Top Course
The top course may be influenced by the coping design, the
skimmer/scuppers, perimeter drains, etc. The top form could
be a standard, taper form, or a custom form to suit the design.

Once the top form has been installed, insert the vertical
reinforcement as per the engineering design guide.

Confirm top of wall and concrete pour height dimensions with

surrounding grade and future pool deck.

Temporarily brace the perimeter around the top course to minimize

possible movement during concrete placement and keep the walls
straight and plumb.

4. Services
In the design stage, select all the pool service equipment and
understand the installation requirements. Organize the exact sizes
and locations for any penetrations through the concrete pool
walls. Review with manufacturer’s the installation of sleeves and
seals through the wall.

The installation of plumbing services/piping is not recommended

to be located within the concrete walls.

Smaller electrical conduits may be placed in the concrete.

5. Preparation For Concrete Placement

Placement of concrete is a significant stage and requires
pre-planning and readiness:

• Ordering the concrete – quantity, delivery times and methods,

ICF concrete specifications, slump, aggregate, and strength
• Access and positioning for concrete and pump trucks may
require street permits.
• Getting the concrete into the wall, i.e. pump truck. Organize the
delivery of concrete from the concrete truck into the wall. There
is a time constraint on placing concrete before it starts to set
up. Wheelbarrows are not recommended due to this time factor.
Hire a concrete pump truck or a concrete conveyor truck. This
may require the accommodation of two large trucks in your
street for a few hours.
• If the pool slab is being poured with the pool walls, confirm
that all rebar and wall connection details, cut-outs are in place.

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• If needed, concrete stairs are formed and in place with a

connection to the ICF wall
• Manpower for pour day, concrete placement, consolidation,
expertise for troweling the floor slab
• Tools – vibrator, safety glasses, ladders, gloves, extra strapping
• Weather is a consideration that may influence a whole day for
this work

For concrete placement and consolidation, the installers must have

access to and walk around the entire perimeter of the pool at the
top of the walls. In placing concrete the installer must see into the
wall to monitor the lift heights and concrete flow.

Prior to placement of concrete, walk around to review the pool wall

installation, inside and outside. Ensure all strapping and supports
are in place. If required, are the holes cut and the rebar in place for
pool slab connection to walls.

Pre-Placement Basic Steps:

• Confirm all sleeves and services have been installed
• Confirm installation of skimmer system and main drain
• Are the walls braced to minimize movement during the
placement of concrete
• Concrete ordered meets the engineering specs and ICF
spec with a slump of 5" to 6".
• Coordinate the location of the concrete truck and pump truck
• Be well prepared and organized for concrete placement

Pool Floor Slab – to assist in the floor slab's placement, mark the Refer to 1.05.08 Engineering Design Guide
Drawings – SPW – 1 to 5
top of slab lines on the ICF walls around the complete perimeter.
For sloped slabs, ensure the cut-outs are in place to connect the
pool floor slab to the wall assembly, and the rebar connections are
in place. For flat slabs, rebar connections to footing are required
as per the engineering drawings.

Pool floor slab concrete is to incorporate a waterproofing

admixture – This product is available through suppliers such as –
www.kryton.com www.wrmeadows.com www.xypex.com

6. Concrete Placement
Above Grade Pools
Concrete will be placed as a continuous pour. Start about 4' from
a corner and allow the concrete to flow into the corner. Depending
on the wall height, place concrete around the entire perimeter in
continuous lifts, not exceeding 4'. Follow the concrete placement
consolidating each lift with a vibrator.

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Concrete will be placed as a continuous pour from footing to top

of walls, with no cold joints.

Below Grade Pools

Concrete for the pool walls and floor slab are typically placed
continuously. For pools with a deep end/shallow end and step
footings, start placement at the deep end about 4' from a corner.
Moving around the perimeter, place the concrete approximately
2' high or a sufficient height to allow concrete to spill out the
slab connections holes.

Once the concrete height in the walls has partially covered the slab
connection holes, leave the walls and place the pool slab concrete.
Once the pool slab is placed, go back to the walls and place
concrete in 3' to 4' lifts until top of the wall. The first lift will have
started to set up, ensure the next lift is consolidated into the
first lift.

Allow at least 2' or more for a top of wall pour. This will eliminate
splashing concrete during placement. Ensure concrete at the top
of wall allows for coping installation.

Trowel the top of walls and form or install coping. Ensure any trim
attachment items that need to cast into concrete are ready
and installed.

Allow seven days, for the concrete to reach strength, before

beginning backfill.

7. Exterior Pool Walls Any part of the ICF that is above grade
and exposed to the sun must be covered
On above grade pool walls any exterior finish may be applied. with some type of exterior finish.
Stucco type finishes may be directly applied to the ICF walls.
Other finishes that require fastening, screw into the fastening
strips on the Fox Block which are spaced at 8" o.c.

On below grade walls, if a waterproofing admixture is part of the Refer to Technical Bulletin
1.02.16 Below Grade Waterproofing
concrete mix, in the walls as well as the pool floor slab, then no
exterior finish is required on the exterior face.

If the concrete in the pool walls does not contain a waterproof,

it is optional to apply a compatible waterproof membrane on the
exterior face of the below grade portion of the walls.

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8. Backfilling
Before backfilling, ensure any services – plumbing and wiring are
completed and working.

Allow the concrete to reach sufficient strength, approximately

seven days before backfilling. We recommend a free-draining soil
mix for backfill. To avoid clay and any rocks that may damage the
walls or exert pressure on the walls.

The first layer will be a minimum of 6" gravel base over the
perimeter drainage system. Backfill in layers approximately 2' at a
time and manually tamp or compact in stages. Dampen the backfill
to aid in compaction. Be careful not to damage the waterproofing
on the pool walls or services. Do not use heavy equipment near
the pool walls or to compact backfill.

Backfill to a height, allowing the top layer to be 4" to 6" of gravel

under the future pool deck. Water the backfilled area for several
days to encourage settlement.

9. Pool Finishes
Wall preparations and the application of any pool finish must follow Fox Blocks walls with Type II EPS
the finish manufacturer’s installation instructions. insulation is a compatible substrate
for any pool finish.

Prep the walls before any finish coatings are applied. For better
adhesion, clean and lightly rasp the walls before applying a plaster
basecoat. Fill any significant gaps with a low expansion spray foam
and rasp flush. Apply coves, as required, between walls a pool
floor slab for easy transition of finishes.

Vinyl liners are one of the most common finish applications for
pools. Typically, to strengthen the surface of the EPS layer, a base
plaster coat or sheet material is applied over the EPS prior to the
vinyl liner. Confirm all finishing materials and applications with the
pool finish supplier.
Most finishes require a solid base coat
Pool walls may be finished in various materials – tile, vinyl liner, over the EPS of the wall assembly.

pool paint, plaster, thermoplastic, etc. Some finishing materials

may require a specific coating for their application; follow the
manufacturer’s application and material requirements.

Finishing plaster coatings for pools are available in various finishes,

all suitable for applications over Fox Blocks walls.

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The following is a shortlist of manufacturers that provide specific

finishes for ICF swimming pools.

SIDER-CRETE Inc.
www.sider-crete.com
A cement-based polymer-modified, waterproofing cement plaster
system for ICF swimming pools comprising a flexible ICF mesh
reinforced basecoat and a Roll-On Cement Plaster.

GIGACRETE StuccoMax™ Exterior Pool Coating System

www.gigacrete.com/stuccomax
Stucco plaster-based waterproof product with a base coat, mesh
and finish costs.

EcoFinish™
www.ecopoolfinish.com
EcoFinish is a polymer, thermoplastic flame spray system. The
flame sprayed application requires a cement board finish over
the ICF walls to prevent the EPS' melting.

Coordinate installation with the manufacturer and registered

EcoFinish installers.

PEBBLE TEC
www.pebbletec.com

DIAMOND BRITE
www.diamondbrite.us

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INSTALLATION CHECKLIST Refer to Fox Blocks Estimator Pro

for estimating all materials
1. Pre-design strategy on yard layout, pool design, and pool
equipment
2. Consultation with equipment and pool finish suppliers to
confirm requirements
3. Site drainage, establish pool wall heights, deck elevations,
excavation depth
4. Installation of footings, design of step footings if required,
rebar to follow engineering guide
5. Install Fox Blocks, first two courses with horizontal rebar
and HV clips, level walls, check dimensions
6. Locate plumbing and electrical and any sleeves through
walls and pool floor slab
7. Place the remainder of the wall blocks to established wall height
8. Insert vertical rebar and temporarily support walls for
concrete placement
9. Before concrete, walk around walls, inside and outside, as
a final check.
10. Be well prepared for concrete placement day – materials,
delivery methods, labor, and weather.
11. Follow concrete placement and consolidation instructions,
place in lifts.
12. Don't backfill until at least seven days after concrete placement
13. Backfill in layers and manually tamp the backfill, no heavy
equipment next to pool walls
14. Prep the pool walls for selected pool finish applications
15. Fill with water and jump in

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SWIMMING POOL ADVANTAGES

Design Requirements FOX BLOCKS Advantages

Solid monolithic reinforced concrete provides a high

structural capacity for below grade and/or above grade
SIMPLE walls, any height, any overall size. Modular ICFs provide
CONSTRUCTION a continuously insulated wall with a solid substrate for
any pool finish. The base footing and concrete walls
must be designed to suit the structural requirements.

Fox Blocks are 16" x 48" providing 5.33 sq.ft of wall

area per block. Installation is very easy and depending
SPEED OF on the overall pool layout and design complexity, the
CONSTRUCTION blocks for the pool walls and the concrete placement
should be able to be installed in one or two days.

Fox Blocks has a variety of forms for design flexibility –

90 and 45 degree corner blocks plus radius blocks.
DESIGN Blocks are easily customizable for any wall design and
VERSATILITY floor slope. The structural design of a Fox Blocks wall
allows for multiple height walls with the ability to retain
earth, water, support decking and accommodate steps.

Temperature control of the pool and /or spa is key for

personal comfort. Fox Blocks pool walls provide a double
insulated wall assembly that works to maintain the water
ENERGY temperature, dramatically reducing heat loss through the
SAVINGS side walls, 24 hours a day. This reduces the load on the
heating system providing huge energy savings, annually,
for the life of the pool.

Fox Blocks reinforced concrete walls inevitably last

forever. The EPS insulation does not deteriorate,
absorb moisture or promote mold or mildew. The pool
DURABILITY wall assembly will be able to withstand weather and
everyday lifestyle events. The solid wall assembly does
not expand and contract like a metal pool wall assembly,
providing a more stable substrate for the pool finishes.

The simplicity of Fox Blocks as a modular produce does

allow for a do-it-yourself application. The footings and
pool walls must be designed to accommodate the loads
DIY on the wall from the water and the earth. The footing
and wall assembly will require reinforcement bars
installed as per design specifications. This picture
is of an award winning DIY Fox Blocks pool.

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