PHYSICS

GSEB
RJ VISION PVT. LTD. BPT – 1P
(MOST STABLE & INNOVATIVE INSTITUTE)

COURSE NAME: 12TH Topic : FULL COURSE DATE: 07-01-2023

PART – A

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 3 3 4 1 4 1 2 3 3 1
Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 3
Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. 3 2 1 3 2 4 1 1 2 2
Q. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. 3 1 2 4 2 1 2 3 4 3
Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Ans. 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 4 3 3

PART – B

SECTION – A (Attempt any eight out of twelve)

1. Due to point charge:

1Q
Electric field, E= ,
4 r0 r 2
1
E=
r2
1 q
E= ,
4 r0 r 2

1 Q
Electric potential, V= ,
4 r0 r 2
1
V 
r

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2. kirchhoff’s first rule (kirchhoff’s Current Law or KCL or junction Rule):
It state that, the sum of the currents flowing towards a junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction.
This is accordance with the conservation of charge which is the basis of kirchhoff’s current rule.
For eg: I1 + I2+I3 – I4–I5 = 0
“In any electric network, the algebraic sum of currents meeting at a junction is always zero”.
I=0
Kirchhoff’s second rule (Kirchhoff’s voltage law or KVL Loop rule):
It state that the algebraic sum of all potential drops and emfs along any closed path in a network is zero.
Or
The algebraic sum of the emfs in a loop of a circuit is equal to the algebraic sum of the product of current and
resistances in it.
Mathematically, the loop rule may be expressed as:
 E =  IR
Kirchhoff’s second law express the conservation of energy
3. Gauss law of magnetism describes that divergence of magnetic field will be zero while divergence of electric field is
not zero which shows the non existence of magnetic monopole. As per gauss law of magnetism,
 
 .ds = 0
B (Integral form)

B = 0 (Differential form)
If magnetic monopoles exist, then Gauss’s law for magnetism would be modified as :
 
 B.ds =  o p m (Differential form)

Where pm = magnetic charge density,  o = permeability of free space

4.
Equal length of phasors
Current leads voltage

Phase difference is
4
Detailed Answer :
The Equation of voltage may be written as :
E(t) = E0 sin t (i)

The equation of current may be written as :

At 1(t) = 10 sin (  t + ) (ii)

t
So,10 = 10 sin ( )
8 +
t
 sin ( ) =1 (iii)
8 +

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 T
At t = , E(t) = E0
4
T
So, E0 = E0 sin
4
T
Or, sin =1
4
T 
Or, sin = sin
4 2
T 
Or =
4 2

2
 =
T
Putting is equ (iii)
t
Sin ( ) =1
8 +
  
Or, Sin  +   = sin
4  2
 
Or, +  =
4 2

  =
4

So, phase difference =
4

Current leads voltage by
4
Phasor diagram :

5. Calculating the energy of the incident photon

Identifying the metals.
The energy of a photon of incident radiaton is given by
hc
E= J

6.6 10 −34  3 108
E= eV = 3.01eV
(412.5 10 −9 )  (1.6 10 −19 )
Hence, only Na and K will show photoelectric emission.
(Note : Award this ½ mark even if the student writes the name of only one of these metals)
Reason : The energy of the incident photon is more than the work function of only these two metals.

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 Detailed Answer :
Energy of incident photon :
The energy of a photon of incident radiation is given by
hc
E=

Where h = planck’s constant = 6.63 x 10-34Js
C = velocity of light = 3 x 108 ms-1
 = Wavelength = 412.5 nm = 412.5 x 10-9 m
Putting the values

6.6 10 −34  3 108

E= J
(412.5 10 −9 )
6.6 10 −34  3 108
Or, E = eV
(412.5 10 −9 )  (1.6 10 −16 )
 E = 3.01 eV
Photoelectric emission will be shown by Na and K only.
Since the energy of incident Photon is greater than the work functions of Na and K, photonelectric emission will be
take place from those two, metals only.
6. It is the distance of charged particle from the centre of the nucleus, at which the whole of the intial kinectic energy of
the (far off) charged particle gets converted into the electric potential energy of the system.
Distance of closest approach (re) is given by

 1  2Ze 2 
Rc =   
 4  o  K 

r
‘K’ is doubled ,  becomes
2
r
[Alternatively : It a candidate writes directly without mentioning formula, award the 1 mark for this part.]
2
Detailed Answer :
When an  -particle is bombared towards nucleus, it is repelied by electrostatic repulsion. As a result its kinetic
energy is coverted into electrostatic potential energy. At a cetain distance (rc) between the  -particle and nucleus
at which the moving particle looses all its kinetic energy and becomes stationary momentarily. This distance is
known as distance of closet approach. In’ this process, the total kinetic energy of the particle is converted into
potential energy.

 1   2Ze 2 
Kinetic energy = K =      …(i)
 4  o   rc 
Let rc be the new distance of closest approach when kinetic energy becomes 2K.

 1   2Ze 2 
So, 2K =      …(ii)
 4 o   rc 
Dividing equ (i) by (ii)
rc 1
=
rc 2

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 rc
 rc =
2
7.

At plane AC, the incident angle = 300

If critical angle for total internal reflection = C
1
n =
sin C
1
or, SinC =
1.5
= 0.67 hence, C>300 (sin 300 = 0.5)
As incident angle is less than critical angle, it would emerge out from AC.
In the figure, path of the ray is shown.

sin 300 1
=
sin e 1.5
Or, sin e = 1.5 X sin 300
= 1.5 X 0.5
= 0.75
 e = 480
8. Any Tow differences
intrinsic Extrinsic
(i) Pure semiconductor Doped with impurity
(ii) nc = nh nc = nh
(iii) Low conductivity to room temperature. Higher conductivity at
room temperature.
(iv) Conductivity depends on temperature Conductivity does not
depend significantly
on temperature.

9. Equivalent magnetic moment of the coil,

 
M = IAn
 
 M = Ilbn

( n = unit vector ⊥ to the plane of the coil)
 
 Torque = M B
 
= Ilbn  B
= 0
 
(as n and B are parallel or antiparallel to each other)
10. (i) When change q is removed from. A net electric field at the centre due to remaining charges.

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  
E four changes = EA

1 q
= along OA
4  0 r 2
(ii) if a charge q is replaced by charge-q at point A, this generates a net electric field at point O as a result of -2q
change, so

 1 q
E -q= along OA
4  0 r 2
Hence net electric field the centre
  
E net = E -q + E four changes
1 q 1 q
= +
4  0 r 2
4  0 r 2
 1 2q
E net = along OA
4  0 r 2
11. Given :
qA = 1 x 10-8 C = qB
qc = -4 x 10-6 C
r = 10cm = 0.1m

W = WAB + WBC + WAC

1
W=
4  0 r
[qAqB + qBqC + qCqA]
1
W = 9 x 109 x s
0.1
[1 X 1 – 4 X 1 – 4 X 1] X 10-12J

− 9 X 109 X 7 X 10 −12
W=
0.1
W = -0.63J.
 
12. Torque = m  B

|  m | = n1 x A = 200 x 5 x 100 x 10-4 A.m2

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 = 10 A.m2
 
Angle between  m and B = 900 – 600 = 300

 |Torque | = 10 X 0.2 X Sin 300

= 1.N.m

SECTION – B (Attempt any six out of nine)

   
13. (a) E = E j and B = Bk
Force on positive ion due to electric field
 
FE = qE j
  
Force due to magnetic field FB = q (Vc  B )
 
For passing undeflected, FE = − FB
  
9 E j = q(Vc  Bk )
   
This is possible only if 9Vc  Bk = qVc  Bj
 
Or Vc = ( E / B )i

(b) The trajectory would be as shown below :

Justification : For positive ions with speed

V  Vc
Force due to eclectic field = FE = qE = FE
due to magnetic field F’B=qvB < FB
Since V  Vc

Now Forces are unbalanaced, and hence, ion will experience an acceleration along E.
Since initial velocity is perpendicular to E, the trajectory would be parabolic.
14. Definition of Eclectic Flux
SI unit
Formula (Gauss’s Law)
Calculation of charge within the cube
Electric Flux is the dot product of electric field and are vector.
also accept

 =  Eds
s

SI Unit : Nm2/C or volt-meter

For a given case

 = 1 + 2 = [ E x (at x = 2a) − E x (at x = a)]a 2

= [ (2a) −  (a)]a 2

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 = a 3
= 100  (0.1) 3 = 0.1Nm 2 / C
q
But =
0
 q =  0 = 8.854 10 −12 10 −1 C
= 0.8854 pC
15. Writing the two loop equations
Finding the current through DB
Using Kirchhoffs voltage rule, we have :
For loop DABD
( I  I1 + ( I ) + (−2) + 2 I1 + 2( I1 + I 2 ) = 0
Or 5 I1 + 2 I1 = 1 (i)

For loop DCBD

+ I 2  3 + (3) + (−1) + I  I 2 + 2( I1 + I 2 ) = 0
Or 2 I1 + 6 I 2 = −2 (ii)

Solving (i) and (ii) we get

5
I1 = A
13
−6
I2 = A
13
−1
 Current through DB = I1 + I 2 = A
13
 P.D. between B and D = 0.154 A
16. Definition of mutual inductance.
Derivation of mutual inductance for two long solenoids
(i) Mutual inductance, is numerically equal to the induced emf in the secondary coil when the current in the primary
coil changes by unity.
Alternatively,
Mutual inductance in numerically equal to the magnetic flux linked with one coil/secondary coil when unit current
flows through the other coil/primary coil. 1
(ii)

 Flux linked with the primary coil

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  0 N 2 N1 A1i2
=
l
= m12i2
 0 N 2 N1 A1 A2
Hence, M12 =
l
=  0 n2 n1 A1l

 N N 
 n1 = 1 ; n2 = 2 
 l l 
17. (i) Finding the magnitude of the resultant force on charge q
(ii) Finding the work done
(i) Force on charge q due to the charge –4q
 1  4q 2 
F1 =  , along AB
4  0  l 2 
Force on the charge q, due to the charge 2q
 1  2q 2 
F2 =  , along CA
4  0  l 2 
The forces F1 and F2 are inclined to each other at an angle of 1200

Hence, resultant electric force on charge q

F = F12 + F22 + 2 F1 F2 cos 

= F12 + F22 + 2 F1 F2 cos 120 0

= F12 + F22 − F1 F2

 1 q2 
=  . 2  16 + 4 − 8
 4  0 l 

1  2 3q 2 
=  
4  0  l 2 

q2
=
1
(− 4 + 2 − 8)
4  0 l

(−10) q 2
=
4  0 l

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 10q 2 5q 2
 Work done = =
4  0 l 2 0l
589nm
18. (i) = = 442.8nm
1.33
3 108 ms −1
Frequency, v =
589nm
= 5.09 x 1014 Hz

3  108
Speed v= m/ s
1.33
= 2.25 x 108 Hz

1   2  1 1 
(ii) =  − 1 − 
f  1  R1 R2 

1  1.55  2
 = − 1
20  1 R
 R = (20 X 1.10) cm = -22 cm
19. (i) Behaviors of revolving electron as a tiny magnetic dipole.
 e 
(ii) Proof of the relation =− L
2me
(iii) Significance of negative sign
Electron, in circular motion around the nucleus constitutes a current loop which behaves like magnetic dipole.
Current associated with the revolving electron :
e
I=
T
2 r
And T=
v
e
I =
2 r

Magnetic moment of the loop,

ev
 = IA =  r2
2 r
evr e, me vr
= =
2 2me
Orbit angular momentum of the electron,
L = me vr

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  −e 
= L
2me
-ve sign signified that angular momentum of the revolving electron is opposite in direction to the magnetic moment
associated with it.
20. Ans. Condition: The reflected ray is totally plane polarised, when reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to

each other.

∠BOC = 90°

When reflected wave is perpendicular to the refracted wave, the reflected wave is a totally polarised wave. The angle

of incidence in this case is called Brewster’s angle and is denoted by iB.

If r' is angle of reflection and r the angle of refraction, then according to law of reflection

iB = r'

and from figure. r' + 90° + r = 180°

⇒ iB + r = 90° …(i)

⇒ r = (90° – iB) …(ii)

From Snell’s law, refractive index of second medium relative to first medium (air) say.

sin i B sin i B sin i B

n= = =
sin r sin(90 − i B ) cos i B
o

⇒ n = tan iB

This is known as Browster law.

∴ Angle of incidence, iB = tan–1 (n).

L
21. (i) Relative permeability r =
L0
2.8
r =
2.0 10 −3
=1400
dv
(ii) Electric field = E = − =0
dx
 Electric field = E = 0.
SECTION – C (Attempt any four out of six)

22. (i) Labelled diagram of a step up transformer

Derivation of ration of secondary and primary voltage
(ii) Calculation of number of turns in the secondary.

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 (i)

Working principle
Whenever current in one coil changes, an emf gets induced in the neighbouring coil Voltage across secondary
d
Vs = es = − N s
dl
Voltage across primary
d
Vp = ep = −N p
dl
Vs N s
= (Here, Ns > Np)
Vp N p
In an ideal transformer
Power Input = Power output
I pV p = I sVs

Vs N s I p
 = =
Vp N p I s
N s Vs
(ii) =
N p Vp
Ns 220
=
3000 2200
 N s = 300
23. (i) Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic Induction :
Faraday’s First Law of electromagnetic induction state
That whenever a conductor is placed in varying magnetic field emf is induced which is know as inducred emf. If the
conductor circuit is closed current is also induced which is called induced current.
Faraday’s Second Law of Electromagnetic Induction states that the induced emf is equal to the rate of change of flux
linkage where flux linkage is the product of number of turns in the coil and flux associated with the coil
− d g
=
dt
eB is magnetic flux through the circuit as
 
 B =  BdA

With N loops of similar area in a circuit and  B being the flux through a loop, then emf is induced in every loop
making Faraday law as

 = −N
t
Where, e = Induced emf[V],
N = number of turns in the coil

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  = change in the magnetic flux [Wb],
t = change in time [s]
The Negative sign means that e opposes its cause.
d
(ii)  =−
dt
dB
= − R 2 
dt
22 1
=−  (0.12) 2 
7 2
 = −0.023V ,

I=
R
= -2.7 mA for 0 < t < 2s.
(iii) Similarly :
0<t<2s 2<t<4s 4<t<6s

 (V ) -0.023 0 +0.023

I(mA) -2.7 0 +2.7

Lenz’s Law : The polarity of induced emf is such that it tends to produce a current which opposes the change in
magnetic flus that produced it.
Explanation :
When the north pole of a bar magnet is pushed towards the close coil, the magnetic flux through coil increases and
the current is induced in the coil in such a direction that it opposes the incease in flux. This possible when the
induced current in the coil is in the anti clockwise direction. The opposite will happen when the north pole is moved
away from the coil.
In either case, it is the work done against the force of magnetic repulsion/attraction that gets ‘converted’ into the
induced emf.
So Lenz’s law is a consequence of conservation of energy.
24. (i) Definition of electric flux
Stating scalar/vector
Gauss’s law
Derivation of the expression for electric flux
(ii) Explanation of change in electric flux
(i) Electric flux through a given surface is defined as the dot product of electric field and area vector over that
surface.

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  
Alternatively  =  Eds
s

Electric flux, through a surface equals the surface integral of the electric field over that surface.
It is a scalar quantity

Constructing a cube of side ‘d’ so that charge ‘q’ gets placed within of this cube (Gaussian surface)
According to Gauss’s law the Electric flux
Change enclosed
=
0
q
=
0
This is the total flux through all the six faces of the cube.
Hence electric flux through the square
1 q q
 
6  0 6 0
(ii) If the charge is moved to a distance d and the side of the square is doubled the cube will be constructed to have
a side 2d but the total charge enclosed in it will remain the same. Hence the total flux through the cube and
therefore the flux through the square wil remain the same as before.
25. (a) Principle of ac generator
Working
Labelled diagram
Derivation of the expression for induced emf
(i)

The AC Generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

When the magnetic flux through a coil changes, an emf is induced in it.
As the coil rotates in magnetic field the effective area of the loop, (i.e., A cos  ) exposed to the magnetic field keeps
on changing hence magnetic flux changes and an emf is induced.
 The induced emf,

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 d
e = −N
dt
d
= − NBA (cos  t )
dt
e = NBA  sin  t
No. (i) This is because the charge particle moves on a circular path.
 
(ii) F = q (v  B )
 
and power dissipated P = F  v
     
( )
= q v  B  v = q(v  v )  B
 
Since v  v = 0
The particle does not gain any energy.

26. (i) Mirror Formula: M1 M2 is a concave mirror having pole P, focus F and centre of curvature C.

An object AB is placed in front of mirror with point B on the principal axis. The image formed by mirror is A'B'. The

perpendicular dropped from point of incidence D on principal axis is DN.

In ∆ABC and ∆A’B’C

∠ABC = ∠A’B’C (each equal to 90°)

∠ACB = ∠A’CB’ (opposite angles)

Both triangles are similar.

AB BC
∴ = …(i)
A' B' B' C

Now in ∆DNF and A’B’F

∠DNF = ∠A’B’F (each equal to 90°)

∠DFN = ∠A’FB’ (opposite angles)

∴ Both triangles are similar

DN FN AB FN
= or = (∵ AB = DN) …(ii)
A' B' B' F A' B' B' F

Comparing (i) and (ii), we get

BC FN
= …(iii)
B' C B' F

If aperture of mirror is very small, the point N will be very near to P, so FN = FP

BC FP PB − PC FP
∴ = or = …(iv)
B' C B' F PC − PB ' PB '− PF

By sign convention

Distance of object from mirror PB = – u

Distance of image from mirror PB’ = – v

Focal length of mirror PF = –f

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 Radius of curvature of mirror PC = –R = –2f

Substituting these values in (iv), we get

− u − (−2 f ) − f
=
− 2 f − ( −v ) − v − ( − f )

−u +2f − f
=
−2f +v −v+ f

⇒ 2f2 – vf = –uf + uv + 2f2 – 2fv or fv + uv = uv

Dividing both sides by uvf, we get

1 1 1
+ =
u v f

The corresponding formula for thin lens is

1 1 1
= −
f v u

(ii) Ray Diagram: The ray diagram of image formation for an object between focus (F) and pole (P) of a concave
mirror is shown in figure.

Size of image (A'B' )

Magnification: m =
Size of object (AB)

From figure ∠APB = ∠BPQ = i

Also, ∠PBQ = ∠A’PB’ = 1

AB
In ∆APB, tan i = …(i)
BP

A' B'
In ∠A’PB’, tan i = …(ii)
B' P

From (i) and (ii)

AB A' B'
=
BP B' P

A' B' B' P

⇒ Magnification, m= =
AB BP

v v
Or m = orm = −
−u u
27. (a) Explaining the two processes
Defining the two terms
(b) Circuit diagram

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 Working
(a) The two important processes are diffusion and drift.
Due to concentration gradient, the electrons diffuse from the n side to the p side and holes diffuse the p side to the n
side.

Due to the diffusion, an electric field develops across the junction. Due to the field, an electron moves from the p-
side. The flow of the charge carriers due to the electric field, is called drift.
(i) It is the space charge region on either side of the junction, that gets depted of free charges. Is known as the
depletion region.
(ii) The potential difference, that gets developed across junction and opposes the diffusion or charge carries and
brings about a condition of equilibrium, is know as the barrier potential.
(b)

In forward bias, p-side of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and N-side is connected to
negative terminal of the battery.
In forward bias, applied voltage does not support potential barrier. As a result, the depletion layer width decreases
and barrier height is reduced. Due to the applied voltage, electrons from n side cross the depletion region and reach
p side. Similarly holes from p side cross the junction and reach the n side.

H. O. : 4th Floor, EXCELUS, Near Bright Day School, Vasna-Bhayali Road, Centre-1 : Karelibaug [201, NBCC Plaza] 17