Mahatma Jyotiba Phule

Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

Institute of Engineering and Technology

Department of Computer Science and Information

Technology
(2023-24)

Project Report On
GENDER RECOGNITION USING MACHINE
LEARNING.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF –

Mr. VINAY MAURYA

Submitted By :–

Aditya Gupta (220089020026)

Ramanand Kumar Gupt(220089020062)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extend our sincere and heartfelt thanks to our esteemed guide, Mr. Vinay Maurya sir and
for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course at
crucial junctures and for showing us the right way.

We would like to extend thanks to our respected Head of the division, Dr.Vinay Rishiwal sir
for allowing us to use the facilities available. We would like to thank other faculty members
also.
Last but not least, we would like to thank our friends and family for the support and
encouragement they have given us during the course of our work.

we wish to express our thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff members of the
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology who were helpful in many
ways for the completion of the project.

Aditya Gupta (21CS23)

Ramanand Kumar Gupt(21CS28)

 INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 CONTEXT
1.2 MOTIVATION
1.3 OBJECTIVE

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 RELATED WORK

3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 METHODOLOGY

4. AlGORITHM
4.1 ALGORITHM

5. FLOW CHART
5.1 FLOWCHART
6. DESCRIBING OF DATASET
6.1 spam detection using machine learning
7. RESULT

8. Conclusion

9. Reference
 ABSTRACT

This project explores the development of a gender recognition system using

Support Vector Machines (SVM), a powerful machine learning technique
known for its effectiveness in classification tasks. The increasing integration of
AI in various industries necessitates accurate and ethical gender classification
to enhance user interactions and personalize services. Our approach begins
with the collection of a diverse dataset comprising labeled images, ensuring
representation across different genders and demographics. Following data
preprocessing, we extract relevant features from both modalities, such as facial
landmarks and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs).

The SVM model is then trained and optimized through hyperparameter tuning,
followed by rigorous evaluation using performance metrics including
accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. We also implement cross-validation
to ensure robustness. A critical aspect of our research involves analyzing
potential biases in the model's predictions across demographic groups,
addressing ethical implications, and proposing strategies for mitigation. Our
findings indicate that while the SVM model achieves high classification
accuracy, attention to data diversity and fairness is essential for responsible
deployment. This project aims to contribute to the discourse on ethical AI
practices and the development of inclusive technologies in gender recognition,
ultimately paving the way for more equitable applications in real-world
scenarios.
.
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 CONTEXT

In an increasingly digital world, gender recognition systems have become

integral to tailoring experiences and enhancing interactions across various
platforms. This project aims to develop a robust gender recognition system
utilizing Support Vector Machines (SVM), a powerful classification algorithm
known for its effectiveness in handling complex, high-dimensional data. By
accurately identifying gender through image and audio analysis, we can
improve services in marketing, security, and healthcare, while also addressing
ethical implications and societal norms surrounding gender representation.

1.2 MOTIVATION
The project on "Gender Recognition Using ML" is driven by the
increasing need for intelligent systems that can analyze and interpret
human characteristics through data. As AI technologies permeate
various sectors, the ability to accurately recognize gender can enhance
user interaction, tailor services, and improve security measures. By
leveraging Support Vector Machines, known for their effectiveness in
managing complex datasets, this project aims to develop a reliable
classification model that not only identifies gender from images or
audio but also addresses issues of bias and ethical implications
associated with such technologies. Furthermore, the insights gained
from this research can contribute to a better understanding of societal
norms and challenges, fostering discussions around representation and
inclusivity in AI applications. Ultimately, this project aspires to push
the boundaries of machine learning while promoting responsible use
of technology in understanding human diversity.

1.3 OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of the project "Gender Recognition Using SVM"

is to develop a highly accurate machine learning model that utilizes
Support Vector Machines (SVM) to classify gender based on features
extracted from images. To achieve this, we aim to identify and extract
relevant features, such as facial attributes that significantly contribute to
effective gender classification. In addition, the project will explore real-
world applications of the developed model in various industries, such as
marketing, security, and healthcare, while considering the broader
societal impact of implementing such technology
 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS

2.1 Introduction

Gender recognition is a significant area within computer vision and machine

learning, with applications in security, marketing, and human-computer
interaction. The primary objective is to classify an individual's gender based
on various features extracted from images.
2.2 Related work

Spam classification is a problem that is neither new nor simple. A lot of research has
been done and several effective methods have been proposed.

M. RAZA, N. D. Jayasinghe, and M. M. A. Muslam have analyzed various techniques

for spam classification and concluded that naïve Bayes and support vector machines
have higher accuracy than the rest, around 91% consistently [1].

S. Gadde, A. Lakshmanarao, and S. Satyanarayana in their paper on spam detection

concluded that the LSTM system resulted in higher accuracy of 98%[2].

P. Sethi, V. Bhandari, and B. Kohli concluded that machine learning algorithms

perform differently depending on the presence of different attributes [3].

H. Karamollaoglu, İ. A. Dogru, and M. Dorterler performed spam classification on

Turkish messages and emails using both naïve Bayes classification algorithms and
support vector machines and concluded that the accuracies of both models measured
around 90% [4].

P. Navaney, G. Dubey, and A. Rana compared the efficiency of the SVM, 12 naïve
Bayes, and entropy method and the SVM had the highest accuracy (97.5%) compared
to the other two models [5].

S. Nandhini and J. Marseline K.S in their paper on the best model for spam detection it
is concluded that random forest algorithm beats others in accuracy and KNN in
building time [6].

S. O. Olatunji concluded in her paper that while SVM outperforms ELM in terms of
accuracy, the ELM beats the SVM in terms of speed [7].

N. Kumar, S. Sonowal, and Nishant, in their paper, published that naïve

Bayes algorithm is best but has class conditional limitations [8].
T. Toma, S. Hassan, and M. Arifuzzaman studied various types of naïve
Bayes algorithms and proved that the multinomial naïve Bayes classification
algorithm has better accuracy than the rest with an accuracy of 98% [9].

F. Hossain, M. N. Uddin, and R. K. Halder in their study concluded that

machine learning models outperform deep learning models when it comes to
spam classification and ensemble models outperform individual models in
terms of accuracy and precision [10]
 3. METHODOLOGY

The methodology for the "Gender Recognition Using ML" project involves several
key steps, including data collection, feature extraction, model development, and
evaluation. Each step is designed to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of the
gender recognition system.

Data Collection
A diverse dataset is essential for training a robust gender recognition model. We
will gather images and audio samples from publicly available datasets that
contain labeled gender information. Datasets such as the Labeled Faces in the
Wild (LFW) for images. Care will be taken to ensure that the dataset is
representative of various gender identities, ethnicities, and age groups to
minimize bias.

Preprocessing
Data preprocessing will include steps such as normalization, resizing images
files into a suitable format for analysis. For images, facial landmarks may be
used to crop and align faces.

Feature Extraction
Effective feature extraction is crucial for improving classification accuracy. For
image data, we will extract features such as facial landmarks, texture descriptors,
and color histograms .These features serve as input to the SVM model, helping
to distinguish between different genders.

Model Development
The Support Vector Machine algorithm will be implemented to classify gender
based on the extracted features. We will select an appropriate kernel function,
such as a radial basis function (RBF), to handle the nonlinear relationships
between features. Hyperparameter tuning will be performed using techniques
like grid search or cross-validation to optimize model performance.

Model Evaluation
The model will be evaluated using a portion of the dataset that was not used
during training. Performance metrics will include accuracy, precision, recall, and
F1-score. A confusion matrix will be created to visualize the model's
performance across different classes.
Ethical Considerations
Throughout the project, we will actively consider ethical implications,
particularly in terms of bias and fairness. We will analyze the model's
performance across different demographic groups and discuss any potential
disparities in classification accuracy. Recommendations for addressing bias, such
as diversifying the training dataset and implementing fairness-aware algorithms,
will be outlined.

Documentation and Reporting

Finally, comprehensive documentation will be maintained throughout the
project, detailing each step, methodologies used, and findings. The results will
be compiled into a final report, including visualizations of performance metrics
and an exploration of the ethical considerations involved in gender recognition
technologies.
 4. AlGORITHM

A Algorithms used for the classifications are as follows..

Support Vector Machines (SVM)

The algorithm for gender recognition using Support Vector Machines (SVM) begins
with the collection of a diverse dataset containing labeled images and audio samples
that represent various genders, ethnicities, and age groups. Once the data is gathered,
preprocessing steps are applied, including resizing images to a uniform size and
normalizing pixel values, as well as converting audio files to a consistent format and
framing them for analysis. Feature extraction follows, where image features like facial
landmarks, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), and color histograms are derived,
alongside audio features such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and
pitch characteristics.

After extracting features, the data is scaled to ensure uniformity, and the SVM model is
initialized with an appropriate kernel (e.g., radial basis function). The dataset is then
split into training and testing sets, with the SVM model trained on the training data.
Hyperparameter tuning is performed using techniques like grid search to optimize the
model's parameters for better performance. Once trained, the model is evaluated on the
testing set, and performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score
are calculated, along with a confusion matrix for a clearer understanding of
classification outcomes.

Cross-validation is implemented to further validate the model and reduce the risk of
overfitting. Throughout the process, ethical considerations are addressed by analyzing
potential biases in model performance across different demographic groups and
proposing strategies for mitigation. Finally, the results are documented and visualized,
providing insights into both the technical performance of the model and the ethical
implications of gender recognition technologies. This structured approach aims to
develop a reliable and inclusive gender recognition system that balances accuracy with
fairness.
FLOWCHART
 6.DESCRIBING OF DATASET

Module:-

Numpy
NumPy is a powerful, open-source library for the Python programming language that
provides support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices of numerical data, as
well as a large collection of mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. One of
the main features of NumPy is its n-dimensional array object, which is used to store
and manipulate large arrays of numerical data.

Pandas
Pandas allow us to analyze big data and make conclusions based on statistical theories.
Pandas can clean messy data sets and make them readable and relevant.

pickle
Pickle is a Python module used for serializing and deserializing Python objects. This
process is often referred to as "pickling" and "unpickling." It's useful for saving
complex data structures, such as trained machine learning models or datasets, to disk,
allowing you to load them later without needing to recompute or reload the original
data.

Matplotlib
Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive
visualizations in Python. Matplotlib makes easy things easy and hard things possible.
Create publication quality plots. Make interactive figures that can zoom, pan, update.

Seaborn
Seaborn is a powerful Python data visualization library based on Matplotlib. It
provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive statistical graphics and makes it
easier to create complex visualizations with just a few lines of code. Seaborn comes
with several built-in themes and color palettes to enhance the aesthetics of your plots.

sklearn
Scikit-learn is a versatile and user-friendly library that streamlines many aspects of
machine learning. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced data scientist, it
provides tools that can help you efficiently build and evaluate machine learning
models.

Globe
Using the glob module helps streamline data loading and management in your gender
recognition project, especially when dealing with multiple files.
6.1 SPAM DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING

 For training the algorithm dataset from Kaggle is used which is shown
below

Fig.2.Dataset
 It has many fields, some of these columns of the dataset are not required. So
remove some columns which are notrequired. We need to change the names of
the columns.

Fig.3.Classification of dataset

 With the help of NLTK (Natural Language Tool Kit) for the text processing,
Using Matplotlib you can plot graphs, histogram and bar plot and all those
things ,Word Cloud is used to present text data and pandas for data
manipulation and analysis, NumPy is to do the mathematical and
scientific operation. The packages used in the proposed model are show n
below.
 Fig.4.Packages

 Split the data into training and testing sets as shown

below. Some percentage f the data set is used as train dataset
and the rest as a test dataset.

Fig.5.Train dataset
 Reset train and test index as shown in the next column:
 Fig.6. Reset train and test index

 We need to find out the most repeated words in the spam and
ham messages.So Word Cloud library is us.
 Whenever there is any message, we must first preprocess the input messages.
We need to convert all the input characters to lowercase.

 Then split up the text into small pieces and also removing the punctuations. So
the Tokenization process is used to remove punctuations and splitting
messages.

 We need to find the probability of the word in spam and ham messages.

Fig.10. Ham and

spam probability

 plot the histogram graph

Fig.11.histogram graph
 Fig.12.histogram graph

 Exploratory data analysis (EDA)

Fig.13.EDA
 7.Results and Visualization
When we receive message in the inbox ,that message will be exported to dataset

shown This message will be detected as spam or not.

Accuracy:

Accuracy is a metric that measures how often a Machine learning model

correctly predicts the outcomes.
Precision:

Precision is one indicator of a machine learning models performance-

the Quality of a positive prediction made by the model.
 8.Conclusion
8.1 Conclusion
From the results obtained we can conclude that, gender recognition using machine
learning is a useful technology that helps identify individuals' gender based on
different types of data, like images. Its success depends on having good quality data
and choosing the right models to analyze that data. While there have been many
advancements in accuracy, it's important to consider ethical issues, such as privacy and
fairness, to make sure this technology is used responsibly. Future work should focus on
improving the models, reducing bias, and making the systems easier to understand. By
doing so, we can create gender recognition tools that are effective, fair, and beneficial
for everyone.

8.2 Future work

Future work in gender recognition using machine learning will focus on several key
areas to enhance accuracy, robustness, and ethical considerations. Advancements in
deep learning techniques, particularly through the use of more sophisticated neural
networks and architectures, can improve feature extraction from diverse data sources,
such as images, text, and audio. Researchers will also explore multimodal approaches
that combine different types of data to create more comprehensive models.
Additionally, there is a growing need to address biases in training datasets by ensuring
they are diverse and representative, which will help mitigate issues related to fairness
and discrimination. Ongoing work will include the development of explainable AI
models, allowing users to understand and trust the decisions made by gender
recognition systems. Furthermore, ethical frameworks and guidelines will be crucial
for responsible deployment, particularly in sensitive applications like security and
social media. By focusing on these areas, future developments in gender recognition
can lead to more accurate, fair, and socially acceptable technologies.
 9.REFERENCE

[1] S. H. a. M. A. T. Toma, "An Analysis of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms

for Spam Email Detection," in International Conference on Automation, Control and
Mechatronics for Industry 4.0 (ACMI), 2021.

[2]S. Nandhini and J. Marseline K.S., "Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning

Algorithms for Email Spam Detection," in International Conference on Emerging
Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE), 2020.

[3] A. L. a. S. S. S. Gadde, "SMS Spam Detection using Machine Learning and Deep
Learning Techniques," in 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and
Communication Systems (ICACCS), 2021, 2021.

[4] V. B. a. B. K. P. Sethi, "SMS spam detection and comparison of various machine

learning algorithms," in International Conference on Computing and Communication
Technologies for Smart Nation (IC3TSN), 2017.

[5] G. D. a. A. R. P. Navaney, "SMS Spam Filtering Using Supervised Machine

Learning Algorithms," in 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data
Science & Engineering (Confluence), 2018.

[6]S. O. Olatunji, "Extreme Learning Machines and Support Vector Machines models
for email spam detection," in IEEE 30th Canadian Conference on Electrical and
Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2017.

[7] S. S. a. N. N. Kumar, "Email Spam Detection Using Machine Learning

Algorithms," in Second International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing
Applications (CIRCA), 2020.

[8] R. Madan, "medium.com," [Online]. Available: https://medium.com/analytics-

vidhya/tf-idf-term-frequency-technique-easiest-explanatio n-for-text-classification-in-
nlp-with-code-8ca3912e58c3.

[9] N. D. J. a. M. M. A. M. M. RAZA, "A Comprehensive Review on Email Spam

Classification using Machine Learning Algorithms," in International Conference on
Information Networking (ICOIN), 2021, 2021.

[10] A. B. S. A. a. P. M. M. Gupta, "A Comparative Study of Spam SMS Detection

Using Machine Learning Classifiers," in Eleventh International Conference on
Contemporary Computing (IC3), 2018.