TRANSFORMERS

Class Numericals
1. The equivalent Resistance and reactance of 250/2500 V transformer are 0.2 Ω and 0.7 Ω
respectively. Rc=500Ω Xm=250Ω (All parameters referred to LV Side). The load
impedance connected to HV terminals is 380+j230 Ω. For a primary voltage of 250V
Calculate
a. Secondary terminal Voltage,
b. Primary Current and power factor
c. Output power and efficiency
2. The parameters of equivalent circuit of 150kVA, 2400/240V transformer are R1 = 0.2 Ω X1
= 0.45 Ω, R2 = 0.002 Ω, X2 = 0.0045 Ω Rc=10kΩ Xm=1.55kΩ (Shunt branch parameters
referred to Primary Side). Find the efficiency at rated load 0.8 pf lag, UPF, maximum
efficiency at 0.8 pf lag and maximum possible efficiency.
3. A 20kVA, 2500/250V 50HZ single phase transformer gave the following OC & SC Test
results.
OC TEST (LV Side) 250V, 1.4 A, 105W
SC TEST (HV Side) 104V, 8A, 320W
Compute the approximate and exact equivalent circuit parameters referred to HV and LV.
4. A 5 kVA 1000V / 200V, 50 Hz, 1-Ph Transformer gave the following OC & SC Test
results both conducted on HV Side.
OC Test: 1000V 0.24A 90W
SC Test: 50V 5A 110W
Find:
1) Equivalent circuit parameters referred to HV Side.
2) Rpu Xpu Zpu
3) Impedance angle
4) %R, %X %Z
5) Voltage regulation at full load 0.8 lag, 0.8 lead, UPF, 0.4 lag, 0.4 lead, ZPF Lag & ZPF
Lead
6) Power factor for obtaining Maximum Voltage Regulation
7) Maximum Voltage Regulation
8) Power factor for obtaining Zero Voltage Regulation
9) Efficiency at full load 0.8 lag, 0.8 lead, UPF
10) Maximum efficiency
11) Voltage across HV to produce rated current when LV is short circuited
12) Voltage across LV to produce rated current when HV is short circuited
13) Steady short circuit current on HV Side
14) Steady short circuit current on LV Side
5. A 5 kVA Distribution transformer has a core loss of 40W and full load ohmic loss of
100W. Daily variation of load on transformer is as follows
7AM – 1PM : 3kW at 0.6 PF
1PM – 6PM : 2kW at 0.8 PF
6PM – 1AM : 6kW at 0.9 PF
1AM – 7AM : No Load
Find All Day Efficiency
6. A single phase 100kVA 2000/200V Transformer has an efficiency of 98% at full load
unity power factor. If the windings are re-connected to form an Auto Transformer, Find
a) The possible Voltage ratios & KVA ratings
b) Efficiency at same load condition & Pf
c) Power transferred inductively & Power transferred conductively.
d) What is the Maximum kVA rating as an Auto Transformer ?
7. Two 33/11kV Single phase transformers A & B are operating in parallel sharing a
common load of 750 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging.
Transformer A : 500kVA, 0.5 + j1Ω
Transformer B : 250kVA, 1 + j2Ω
Find the load sharing
8. Two 33/11kV Single phase transformers A & B are operating in parallel sharing a
common load of 750 kVA at 0.8 pf lagging.
Transformer A : 500kVA, Zpu : 0.002 + j0.004 pu
Transformer B : 250kVA, Zpu : 0.002 + j0.004 pu
Find the load sharing
9. Two Single phase transformers A & B are operating in parallel have the following data:
Transformer A : 100kVA, 6600/230V %Z : 1.5 + j4 %
Transformer B : 200kVA, 6600/220V %Z : 1 + j5 %
These two operate in parallel with 6600 V across their HV primaries, Calculate
a) No load circulating current
b) Ohmic loss due to circulating current
c) No load terminal Voltage
10. A 3-Phase Transformer is used to step down the voltage of a 3-Phase, 11 kV feeder. Turns
ratio is 10. For a primary line current of 15 A, Calculate secondary line Voltage, Phase
Voltage, Line current, Phase current & rating in kVA for
a) Star – Star
b) Delta-Delta
c) Delta-Star
d) Star-Delta
11. Two transformers each rated 250 kVA, 11kV / 400V are connected in V-V. Find kVA that
can be supplied from V-V bank. A 3-phase load of 250 kVA at 0.8 PF lagging is
connected to LV terminals at 400 V of V-V. Find the line current at 11 kV side.
12. What should be the kVA rating of each transformer in V-V bank, to supply a 3-Phase load
of 40 kVA. If the third similar transformer is connected to form a closed delta what is the
rated capacity? Also find the percent increase in rating or capacity.
13. Three identical single-phase transformers connected in delta-delta supply a balanced 3-
Phase load of 1500kW at 400 V at 0.8 PF lagging supplied from 11 kV, 3-Phase Supply.
Find phase currents and line currents. If any one transformer is removed and connection is
maintained in V-V, find currents in the windings, kVA supplied by each transformer,
active and reactive power supplied by each transformer.
14. Three 20 kVA single-phase transformers are connected in delta-delta supply a balanced 3-
Phase load of 40 kVA at 0.8 PF lagging. If anyone transformer is removed and connection
is maintained in V-V, find:
i. Total rating of V-V Bank
ii. Ratio of V-V to Delta-Delta bank ratings
iii. Load carried by each transformer in V-V
iv. Percent rated load carried by each (or) percent overloading on each transformer in
V-V
v. Find the total load that can be supplied by each without overloading either
transformer.
vi. Percent increase in load on each transformer when one transformer is removed
15. Two single phase Scott connected transformers supply a 3-Phase, 4 Wire distribution
system with 231V between lines and Neutral. HV windings are connected to 6600V. find
the number of turns in in each section of HV & LV and the position of neutral point if
Voltage per turn is 8V.
16. A 6600V/400V/110V Star/Star/Delta connected Three winding transformer has a
magnetizing current of 5.5 A and a balanced 3 phase loads of 1000kVA at 0.8 pf lag on
secondary and 200 kVA at 0.5 leading pf load on tertiary. Find the primary current and
power factor. Neglect losses.
17. A 33kV/1.1kV/400V 200kVA Star/Star/Delta connected Three winding transformer has a
magnetizing current of 4% of rating and iron loss of 1 kW. Load on secondary and 150
kVA at 0.8 pf lag and load on tertiary is 50 kVA at 0.9 pf lag. Find the primary current and
power factor.
18. A 2000/1000/500V single phase 3 winding transformer is used as an auto transformer with
a supply voltage of 3000V. One load of 1050 kVA at 3500V and other of 180 kVA at 1500
V at same power factor 0.8 lagging are to be energized from this auto transformer output.
Calculate current drawn.

19. The primary side of a transformer having 400 turns in primary winding and 720 turns in
secondary winding is excited by 1000V 50 Hz. The secondary of the transformer is
connected with resistive load of 80 kW. There is one tapping in secondary at 480 turns.
This tapping is supplying a pure inductive load of 100 kVA. Find primary current and
power factor.
20. A single-phase auto transformer HV side is rated at 400 V with 100 Turns supplying two
loads at 80% tapping and 60% tapping 60 Ω and 20 Ω respectively. Find current drawn
from supply.
21. A 3-Phase star connected auto transformer supplies a balanced load of 40 kW at 380V and
at 0.8 pf lagging. If the supply voltage is 440 V, find the currents in various sections of
auto transformer.
22. A 300kVA transformer has 96% efficiency at full load and half full load at 0.8 pf lagging.
Find
a. Iron loss and full load copper loss.
b. Efficiency at Full load Unity Power factor
c. Maximum efficiency at 0.8 PF lagging
d. Maximum possible efficiency
23. A single-phase transformer has a maximum efficiency of 90% at full load UPF. Find the
efficiency at half load UPF.
24. The %R and %X of a 10kVA 400V/200V of a transformer are 2% and 10% respectively.
If the constant loss in machine is 1% the maximum possible percentage efficiency of the
transformer is
a) 98.32
b) 97.25
c) 96.85
d) 96.12
25. When a SC test is conducted on 1-Ph transformer, 30% of the rated voltage is required to
allow full load current. The short circuit power factor is found to be 0.2. The percent
regulation at UPF is
a) 30
b) 29.5
c) 15
d) 6
26. A short circuit test is conducted on 5kVA 400/100V 1-Ph transformer with 100V winding
shorted. The input voltage at full load current is 40V. the watt meter on input side reads
250W. the power factor of load at which the secondary terminal voltage is minimum
a) 0.5 lead
b) 0.5 lag
c) 0.866 lead
d) 0.866 lag

27. The maximum efficiency of 100 kVA 1-Ph transformer is 98% at 80% full load UPF. If
the leakage impedance of the transformer is 5%, the voltage regulation of the transformer
at full load and half full load 0.8 PF lead is?
28. The total Core loss is 2400W on a supply of 400V, 50 Hz. If the supply V & F are reduced
to 200 V and 25Hz the core loss is 800W. Calculate Hysteresis and Eddy current loss at
400V 50Hz.
29. A 500 V 50 Hz supply to a transformer result in eddy current loss of 400W and hysteresis
loss of 650 W. If both V & F are doubled find new core losses.
30. A 220 V, 60 Hz transformer has hysteresis loss of 340 W and eddy current loss of 120 W.
If the transformer is operated from 230V 50Hz supply mains, find its new core loss.
31. If load on a transformer is increased, then its Mutual Flux will
a) decreased slightly
b) increase slightly
c) remain constant
d) may decrease or increase slightly depending upon the nature of load.
32. The core flux of a practical transformer with a resistive load
a) Strictly constant with load changes
b) Increases linearly with load
c) Increase as square of load
d) Decrease with increase load
33. If load on a transformer is increased, then its Core Loss will
a) decreased slightly
b) increase slightly
c) remains constant
d) may decrease or increase slightly depending upon the nature of load.
34. The useful flux of a transformer is 1 Wb. When it is loaded at 0.8 Pf Lag then its mutual
flux
a) May decrease to 0.8 Wb b) may increase to 1.01 Wb c) remain constant d) may decrease to
0.99 Wb.
35. The efficiency of a transformer at full load 0.8 pf lagging is 90%. Its efficiency at full load
0.8 pf lead will ne
a) Somewhat less than 90%
b) Somewhat more than 90%
c) 91%
d) 90%
36. The efficiency of a transformer at full load 0.8 pf leading is 90%. Its efficiency at full load
0.8 pf lag will ne
e) Somewhat less than 90%
f) Somewhat more than 90%
g) 91%
h) 90%
37. The efficiency of a 100kVA transformer is 0.98 at full as well as half load. For this
transformer at full load the copper loss is
a) Less than core loss
b) Equal to core loss
c) More than core loss
d) None of the above
38. Three identical single-phase transformers are connected in Star on Primary side. The line
to neutral voltage due to the fundamental component of flux is 200V. It is found that the
third harmonic flux and fifth harmonic flux are 20% and 4% of the fundamental
component respectively. The primary to secondary turns ratio of each transformer is 1:4.
i. If the Primary Neutral is Un-Grounded and if secondary is connected in Star; Calculate
the Phase and Line to line Voltages on secondary side.
ii. If the Primary Neutral is Un-Grounded and if secondary is connected in Delta; The
three windings in delta are opened at one point and a voltmeter is connected, then the
voltmeter reading would be? What will be the Line-to-line voltage if voltmeter is
removed and delta is closed.
iii. If Primary Neutral is Grounded and Secondary is connected in Star; Calculate
secondary Phase and Line Voltages.
iv. If primary neutral is grounded and secondary is in Delta; If the three windings in delta
are opened at one point and a voltmeter is connected, then the voltmeter reading would
be?
39. A 300 kVA 11kV/440V 50 Hz 3-Ph delta star transformer gave following test results.
OC LV 440V 21.1A, 1.3kW
SC HV 630v, 15.74A, 3.08kW
Find PU Impedance, PU R & X, efficiency and regulation at 0.8 pf lagging.

40. A single-phase core type transformer has 400 primary turns with net cross-sectional area
of core 60 cm2 and magnetic length is 0.8m. Primary voltage is 500V at 50Hz. Find the
maximum flux density in core and magnetizing current. Assume a relative permeability
2000