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Friction IGCSE

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32 views

Friction IGCSE

Uploaded by

bakirovayegana10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Friction (CIE IGCSE Physics)

Bakirova Yegana.

Friction force always arises when one body tries to slide on another. The frictional force
depends on; i) The roughness of the surfaces in contact. ii) The normal force (the force
perpendicular to the surface). The normal force is the same as the weight of a body when it
lies along a horizontal plane.
From activity 3-18 you learnt that heavier (bigger) objects are
more difficult to move on a rough surface. i.e. because as the
weight increases, the friction force also increases. That is
because there is an increase in the force that presses the two
sliding surfaces together. This force is the normal force
reacting the floor on the block
The friction force that opposes motion just before the box starts its motion is
called the static friction. The force that is being constantly over come during the
motion of the box is called the kinetic friction. Activity 3.20 shows that static
friction is greater than kinetic friction.
How does a normal force affect the force of static or kinetic friction? From the
Activity 3.18 you have observed that both static friction and kinetic friction
increases as the weight of the sliding body increases. Further the static frictional
force, is greater than the kinetic frictional force. Therefore, frictional force is
proportional to the normal force.
Mathematically; F k Factors affecting frictional force between two contacting
surfaces s ~ N and Fk ~ N Or Fs= μsN and Fk = μk N
Friction in Solids
 Friction is a force that works in opposition to the motion of an object
o This slows down the motion of the object
 When friction is present, energy is transferred in the form of heat
o This raises the temperature (thermal energy) of the object and its
surroundings
o The work done against the frictional forces causes this rise in the
temperature
 Friction in solids is caused by imperfections qusurlar in the surfaces of the
objects moving over one another
o Not only does this slow the object down but also causes an increase
in thermal energy

The interface between the ground and the sledge is bumpy which is the source of the
frictional force

Friction in Fluids
Friction in Fluids

 Gases and liquids are known as fluids


o Fluids are different to solids because the particles in fluids can move
around
 Friction acts on objects moving through gases and liquids as the particles collide
with the object
o This type of friction is called drag

 Air resistance is a type of friction that slows the motion of an object


 Particles bump into the object as it moves through the air
o As a result, the object heats up due to the work done against the frictional
forces

The return module of a rocket heats up due to the work done by air resistance as it
travels a distance through the atmosphere

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