ACT Roadmap
ACT Roadmap
Jim Lucas
17 Values Clarification
21 Treatment Guidelines
22 ACT Supervision
23 Other Resources
Key Point
RFT shows us that there is no such process called ‘unlearning’. One cannot erase
language. It can be temporarily forgotten, but that is not the same thing. ACT
doesn’t focus on ‘changing’ cognitions. It focuses on ‘adding’ helpful behavioural
responses to unhelpful cognitions. When interventions do this, you are altering
the context in which the thinking and feeling take place. When you alter the
context, you can increase psychological flexibility.
Sourced from: Luoma, Hayes & Walser (2017) Learning ACT, 2ndEdition, New Harbinger Pubs.
Help clients to see thoughts for what they are (thoughts) and respond in
workable ways relative to their values.
Help clients to attend to thinking and experiencing as an ongoing
behavioural process; to look at their thoughts rather than from their
thoughts and observe thinking as opposed to being trapped in thinking.
Sourced from: Luoma, Hayes & Walser (2017) Learning ACT, 2ndEdition, New Harbinger Pubs.
Key Point:
ACT encourages the use of metaphor. Metaphors can be helpful because they
help you generate an image of something, which can change the meaning in
useful ways. For example, the defusion exercise ‘leaves on a stream’, allows a
person to observe a similarity between leaves floating on a stream and thoughts
occurring in the mind. In this metaphor, you can more easily imagine thoughts
gently floating by, which shows you how to let go of unhelpful thoughts.
Help clients discover that life is happening in the here and now and assist
them in returning to it from the conceptualised past or future.
Help clients connect with life as it is happening regardless of whether it is
filled with joy or sorrow.
Help clients notice what is happening in their relationships in the moment.
Sourced from: Luoma, Hayes & Walser (2017) Learning ACT, 2ndEdition, New Harbinger Pubs.
You can characterise ‘the mind’ by a Teach the client the distinction
tendency to problem-solve, which happens between thinking mode and
much more during moments when your observing mode.
emotions become more uncomfortable or
painful. Higher arousal states like fear, Use experiential methods by
anxiety, anger and desire can disrupt your drawing attention to the breath,
attention by speeding it up. You become body and five senses.
more vigilant to signs of threat.
Reinforce noticing behaviours,
Lower arousal states like sadness, guilt, especially in contexts where there
shame and low mood, can make your mind has been a tendency to analyse or
wander into the realm of reasoning to problem-solve.
explain away your emotions. Attention gets
narrowed and locks itself inside a room of
infinite thinking.
Help clients to access a self that is continuous, safe and consistent and from
which they can observe and accept the flow of internal experiencing.
Help clients to make a distinction between the content of your experience and
the self that is the context (arena, location) in which all experience happens.
Help clients to flexibly take different perspectives, to engage compassion and
empathy so that they can pivot towards values-based commitments.
Sourced from: Luoma, Hayes & Walser (2017) Learning ACT, 2ndEdition, New Harbinger Pubs.
Help clients to clarify the values that give their life meaning.
Help clients to focus on the process of living and loosen their attachment
to unworkable goals or outcomes.
Sourced from: Luoma, Hayes & Walser (2017) Learning ACT, 2ndEdition, New Harbinger Pubs.
Ask questions about what the client Early values exploration can be gentle
cares about, e.g. people, places, things, and enquiring, like going for a stroll to
ideas. You can use values cards and see what you notice and experience
questionnaires or more experiential (not intellectually, but by touching it).
exercises like the sweet spot. In exploration, you are wondering and
seeing opportunities for life and
Identify actions that the client wants to vitality. You are lifting the darkness on
take and explore how to do them. an area of your life.
Look out for statements that indicate Openness and awareness enhance the
the need for social approval, outcomes process. When you keep it slow,
or feelings. noticing and observing the experience,
you can tune in to it. You aren’t
Explore the 'workability' of valuing thinking about whether you like it; you
something outside the direct control. are feeling your way through it.
Help clients to build patterns of behaviour that are in the service of values
that they choose to care about.
Help clients to choose a values-based activity and allow unwanted
thoughts and feelings to come along for the ride.
Sourced from: Luoma, Hayes & Walser (2017) Learning ACT, 2ndEdition, New Harbinger Pubs.
As you start to learn about ACT, you may You can use a case conceptualisation
wonder, where do I begin? form found in Learning ACT 2nd Edition
or ACT Made Simple.
While you can use an ACT Protocol for a
presenting problem, the spirit of ACT is Typically, ACT therapists begin with
flexibility. creative hopelessness. It allows the
client and you to assess the functions
Be Experiential and Flexible of behaviours within a context. It
increases awareness of the costs of
The invitation is to practice ACT, not in one control and presents an alternative
way, but observing what is happening in the strategy – being open to pain so that
therapy room and trying out different you can invest time and energy into
interventions. You are working living with purpose and fulfilment.
experientially, being open and aware and
engaged, rather than to a rigid set of rules You don’t need to follow a sequence,
about how and in what order ACT ‘should’ i.e. session 3 is cognitive defusion. It is
be done. better to ‘shape’ flexibility by working
each process within the session, for
Assess Flexibility example, using acceptance and
mindfulness processes to support
The techniques support the process and behavioural change.
you aim to assess areas of inflexibility.
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