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Chapter 4 Study Guide - Answers

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Chapter 4 Study Guide - Answers

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shani368.08
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Chapter 4 Study Guide


Key Terms
Directions: Define each of the following key terms from chapter three on a separate sheet
of paper.
 Gravitational Potential Energy -
 Chemical Potential Energy – Energy Energy stored by things that are
stored in chemical bonds between held above the Earth.
atoms.
 Conservation of Energy - Energy  Joule – metric unit of energy also
can be converted from one form to written as a N×m.
another but the total energy  Kinetic Energy - energy of a
remains constant. moving object which depends
 Elastic Potential Energy - Energy upon its mass and its velocity.
stored by things that are stretched  Law of Conservation of Energy -
or compressed. Energy is never created or
 Electric Energy - the energy from destroyed.
electro-magnetic interactions.  Mechanical Energy - total amount
 Energy - the ability to cause change of kinetic energy and potential
or do work energy in a system.
 Energy Conversion - Energy  Nuclear Energy - form of energy
changing from one form to from the atom, specifically the
another. nucleus.
 Fission – the process of splitting a  Potential Energy - Energy stored in
nucleus into several smaller nuclei. a motionless object, giving it the
 Fusion – two nuclei with low potential to cause change.
masses are combined to for on  Radiant Energy - is energy that
nucleus of larger mass. travels through space.
 Thermal Energy - heat from the
motion of molecules.

Formulas & Units


Directions: Write a formula that could be used to solve for the unknown with the
information provide & the units you would express you answer in.

1. What formula can be used to calculate the Kinetic Energy of an object if you know
the mass and velocity of the object? What are the metric units used to measure
kinetic energy?

KE = m × v2 , Joule (J) or N×m


2
2. What formula can be used to calculate mass if you know the Kinetic Energy of an
object and the velocity of the object? What are the metric units used to measure
mass?

m= , grams (g) or kilograms (kg)

3. What formula can be used to calculate velocity if you know the Kinetic Energy of an
object and the mass of the object? What are the metric units used to measure
velocity?

v= , m/sec or km/hr

4. What formula can be used to calculate the Gravitational Potential Energy of an object
if you know the weight of the object and the height of the object? What are the
metric units used to measure GPE?

GPE = weight × height , Joule (J) or N×m

5. What formula can be used to calculate the weight of an object if you know the
Gravitational Potential Energy of an object and the height of the object? What are the
metric units used to measure weight?

Weight = GPE ÷ height , Newtons (N) or kg×m/sec2

6. What formula can be used to calculate the height of an object if you know the
Gravitational Potential Energy of an object and the weight of the object? What are
the metric units used to measure height?

Height = GPE ÷ weight , meters (m)

Calculating Kinetic & Gravitational Potential Energy


Directions: Solve the following problems. Show all your work. Remember to include the
correct units.
1. A boy on a bicycle passes by at a velocity of 25 m/sec. If the boy has a mass of 100
kg, what is the boy’s Kinetic Energy?

KE = 100 × 252 = 31,250 J


2

2. A car moving at a velocity of 20 m/sec has a kinetic energy of 300,000 J. What is the
car’s mass?

M = 2 × 300,000 = 1500 kg
202

3. A sprinter has a mass of 80 kg and a Kinetic Energy of 4,000 J. What is the sprinter’s
velocity while running around the track?

V= = 10 m/sec around the track

4. A 500 N rock is sitting on top of a cliff that is 100 m high. What is the Gravitational
Potential Energy of the rock?

GPE = 500 ×100 = 50,000 J

5. A 900 N window washer has a Gravitational Potential Energy of 8100 J. How high is
the window washer on his ladder?

H = 8100 ÷ 900 = 9m

6. A Christmas present hidden on the top shelf of your parent’s closet has 720 J of
Gravitational Potential Energy. The shelf is 4 meters high, what is the weight of the
Christmas present?

W = 720 ÷ 4 = 180 N

Short Answer
Directions: Using your knowledge of the concepts discussed in chapter 3, answer each of
the following questions to the best of your ability.
1. When a car’s velocity doubles from 20 m/sec to 40 m/sec, by how many times does
the car’s Kinetic Energy increase?

KE = m × v2 : Since velocity is squared, doubling the velocity will result in a


2 quadrupling of the KE

2. What is the mechanical energy of a 500 kg roller coaster car moving with a velocity
of 3 m/sec at the top of a hill that is 30 m high?

ME = KE + PE, so…

KE = m × v2 = 500 × 32 = 2250 J
2 2

PE = mass × gravity × height = 500 × 9.8 × 30 = 147,000 J

ME = KE + PE = 2250 + 147,000 = 149,250 J

3. List the 4 forms of energy and give an example of each.

 Radiant Energy – light, UV rays, x-rays, etc.

 Electric Energy – electricity traveling thru wires, DC batteries, car batteries,


etc.

 Thermal Energy – fire, friction, oven, etc.

 Nuclear Energy – nuclear power plants, atomic bombs, sun.

4. Give an example for each of the following energy conversions:

 Kinetic Energy to Potential Energy = swinging on a swing

 Electric Energy to Heat Energy = using a hair dryer

 Chemical Energy to Thermal Energy = burning a piece of wood

 Nuclear Energy to Electric Energy = nuclear power plant

 Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy = digesting food

5. Briefly explain the conservation of energy.

Energy is never created or destroyed. Energy can be converted from one form
to another but the total energy remains constant.
6. The figure below represents a pendulum in motion. Look at the diagram and label it
as indicated. (Neglect air resistance)

a. Write the letter P at the position of maximum potential energy.


b. Write the letter K at the position of maximum kinetic energy.
c. Write the letter I at the position where the kinetic energy in increasing.
d. Write the letter D at the position where the kinetic energy is decreasing.

P P

I D
K

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