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Copy of 08 Study Guide - The Practice of Science 24

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elpe
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© © All Rights Reserved
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The practice of Science

STUDY GUIDE
For the following image, write an observation and a
hypothesis.
Observation I observe bowls with ice in
different substances. I see a
timer.

Hypothesis If I place ice in salt it will melt


faster.

(Or your own idea)


Investigations
Observational Experimental Comparative
Answering a question based designed to test a Taking the results of two or
on what is seen hypothesis and contains more investigations and
variables comparing them to make a
Has a control and conclusion
Has no hypothesis
experimental group
Example: Which sunscreen
Example: Recording the is the most effective?
number of cars that drive by Example: How does the
from 2 pm-3 pm amount of rain impact the
growth of crops in Georgia? Has an independent and
dependent variable
Has an independent and
dependent variable
Sonia flies 3 paper airplanes of different weights. The table below
shows how far each plane flew before it reached the ground.

What could be a correct label for the third column?

Distance (meters)
What is the difference between an independent (test) variable and a dependent (outcome)
variable?
Independent is what you are changing and dependent is the
outcome usually measured.

How many variables should the scientists be changing in an investigation and why?

Only one because you won’t be able to tell what caused the
difference if you have more than one.
What is an example of qualitative data?
Color or type of hair

What is an example of quantitative data?

How many cars drive by between 5 and 6pm every day.


The data table below shows Larry’s weight over the
course of six months.

What conclusion can be drawn from the data?


Larry weight between February and August.
Donna tested whether a soybean plant grows faster in coarse or soft
soil. The table below shows the height of each plant after 0, 10, 20,
and 30 days.

What conclusion can Donna draw from her data?


Soybean plants grow better in soft soil.
How could a scientist see if the results of their experiment are replicable?

He can do it himself multiple times (repetition)or have


another scientist copy his experiment (replication)

Jorge wants to see which brand of cat treat his cat will eat fastest. What would be the
independent and dependent variables?
Independent- brand of cat treat
Dependent- the time it takes for the cat to eat the cat treat.

Katie wants to test if the size of a paper boat will affect how long it floats. What would
be the independent and dependent variables?

Independent-size of boats
Dependent- how long it floats
Jasmine wants to test what the ideal amount of water is to help her pea plant grow taller.
What would be three possible control variables (constants)?

Pots, types and size of plants, amount of soil, and how much
water and sun the plants receive.
If a scientists has conducted multiple trials within their experiment, and their data DOES
NOT support their hypothesis, what should the scientist do?

The scientist should and perform a new experiment with a new


hypothesis.
A group of scientists are testing to see if listening to different types of music during a
test would affect student test scores. The scientist had one group of students listen to no
music, had one group listen to classical music, and had one group listen to smooth jazz,
and had one group listening to calming electronic music. What was the control group and
WHY?
The no music group is the control because it is then regular
group with nothing done to it.
What is the difference between a control and experimental group? Which scientific
investigation are they ONLY found in?

A control group is the group with nothing changed that all the others are
compared to see the difference. The experimental group is changed in some
way and compared to the control group.They are only both found in an
Experimental scientific investigation.

Why is it important that scientists write a clear procedure?

It is important scientists write a clear procedure so they can accurately


repeat it themselves multiple times.Also another scientist may replicate their
experiment exactly the same way to see if the get the same results.
What is empirical evidence (data)? What are ways scientists can
gather empirical evidence?

Empirical evidence is gathered through experimentation or observation to


justify or disprove a scientific theory or experimental hypothesis.
Determine if each scenario represents repetition or replication.
Brooks tested if the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance replication
traveled. Pedro decided to perform the same experiment as
Brooks to see if they got the same results.

Aiden tested if the amount of fertilizer affect plant growth. He repetition


performed this experiment 3 times and determined that plants with
more fertilizer grew more.

Describe why repetition and replication are important.

Repetition
Is important to see if you, the scientist obtain the same results every time

Replication Is important to prove if your experimental results are valid or true.


Test (independent) Water Depth

Outcome (Dependent) Temperature

What conclusion can The deeper you go in the ocean


you make based on the colder the water temperature.
the data provided?

Test (independent) Change from month to month of


rainfall in two cities

Outcome (Dependent) Amount of rainfall


Rainfall (in.)

What conclusion can City 1 gets more rainfall in


you make based on January and December and
the data provided for
overall gets more rainfall. City 2
each city?
has more rain in January and
February but not as much as city
1.

Months Which city has the City 1


higher average

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