U.S.T.H.

B Exercises sheet N◦ 3
Faculty of Matematics Real functions of real Coordination of MATH1 module
1st year Licence SM-ST variable Year 2024-2025

Exercise 1.
2x
Let f be the function dened on R, by f (x) = .
x2 + 1
1. Is the function f injective ? surjective ?
2. Show that f (R) = [−1, 1].
3. Show that the restriction g of f to the interval [−1, 1] is a bijection from [−1, 1] in [−1, 1].
Exercise 2.
1. Let the function f : [−1, 1] → [−1, 1] dened by f (x) = sin(2πx). √
Determine f ({0, 1}), f ([0, 14 ]), f (] −1
4 4
, 1
]), f −1
({−1, 1}), f −1
({2}), f −1
([0, 2
2
]).
2. Let the function g dened from R in R, by g(x) = E( 2 ). x

a) Determine g −1 ({ 12 }) et g −1 ({−1}). Is g surjective ?

b) Determine g({e, π}) et g({]e, π[}). Is g injective ?

Exercise 3.
Calculate, if they exist, the following limits :
3
√ x
x2 + cos(2x)

x−2 4 h1 1  i 1
lim √ √ , lim , lim 1− , lim E(x− ) +2 , lim cos( ).
x→8 x−2 2 x→+∞ x + 2 sin x x→+∞ x x→+∞ x x x→1 x−1

Exercise 4.
Study the continuity of the following functions on their domain of denition.
 1  2

 x2 e x if x<0 
 x if 0<x≤1

 

 
f (x) = 0 if x=0 g(x) = x − ⌊x⌋ if 1<x<2

 


 

 2
x (1 + ln x) if x > 0. ⌊x⌋ − x + 1 if 2 ≤ x < 3.


Exercise 5.
1. Can the following functions be continuously extended at the indicated points x0 ? If yes, write
down their extension.
 π π
√  1 + sin(2x)
 if − ≤x<−
2 4

x2−5−2 π
f (x) = , x0 = 3 g(x) = x0 = − .
x2 − 4x + 3  π π 4
 x + tan(2x) if − <x<

4 4

x3 − 2x2 + x − 2
2. Determine if the following function can be continuously extended to R : h(x) = .
2 − |x|
Exercise 6.
Show that the following equations have at least one solution in the indicated interval :
3 iπ π h
(a) x7 − x2 + 1 = 0, [−2, 0]; (b) tan x = x, , .
2 4 3

1
Exercise 7.
Study the dierentiability of the following functions at the indicated points :
 x+2
 2 − 16
 4x − 16 if x ̸= 2

 |x2 − 4| si x≤2 



f (x) = x0 = 2, g(x) =
x2 − x − 2
 1
 

 if x > 2. 

if x = 2.
x2 + 1 2
Exercise 8.
1. State the Mean Value Theorem.
2. Prove, using the Mean Value Theorem, the following inequalities :
(a) ∀x ∈] − 1, +∞[ ln(1 + x) ≤ x.
b−a b−a
(b) ∀a, b ∈ R avec 0 < a < b : 2
< arctan b − arctan a <
1+b 1 + a2
Exercise 9.
1. Determine the domain of denition and then calculate the derivative of the following functions :
1
f1 (x) = arcsin(4x + 1), f2 (x) = arctan( ), f3 (t) = t2t .
x−1
1
2. Show that the equation x + arcsin(4x + 1) = 0 has a solution in the interval [− , 0]. Is the
2
solution unique ?
Exercise 10.
1. Solve in R, the equation : 3 cosh(x) − sinh(x) − 3 = 0.
3π π2
2. Solve in [−1, 1], the equation : (arcsin x)2 − (arcsin x) = − .
2 2
Exercise 11.
Let f be the function dened on [0, 1] by
0 if x=0


x ln(x)

f (x) = x+ if 0<x<1

 1−x
0 if x=1

Show that there exists c ∈]0, 1[ such that f ′ (c) = 0. (We don't ask the value of c)

Exercise 12. [Final Exam SM (2022-2023)]

Consider the function f dened on R by :

x
ln(2 − e ) if x < 0

f (x) =
 √
2x x − x if x ≥ 0.


1. Calculate the of f at −∞ and at +∞.

2. Study the continuity and dierentiability of f at x0 = 0.
3. Show that f is strictly decreasing on ] − ∞, 0[.
4. Let g be the restriction of f at ] − ∞, 0[, deduce that g is a bijection from ] − ∞, 0[ in an interval
J to be specied.
5. Determine the inverse function g −1 .

2
Exercise 13. [Final Exam ST (2022-2023)]
1. State Taylor's theorem with Lagrange remainder.
2. Using Taylor's theorem with Lagrange remainder of order 2 around 0 to the function f dened
on R by f (x) = cos(3x) prove the following inequality :
i πh
2 3
|2 cos(3x) − 2 + 9x | < 9x , ∀x ∈ 0, .
6

Additional Exercises

Exercise 1.
xn
 
x
Consider the function fn dened by fn (x) = e −x
1 + + ··· + .
1! n!
1. Show that fn is dierentiable on [0, 1] and calculate fn′ .
1 1
2. Using the Mean Value Theorem, prove that the sequence dened by un = 1 + + · · · +
1! n!
converges to e.
Exercise 2. √
Using the Mean Value Theorem, estimate the error made when approximating 10001 by 100.

Exercise 3.
1
Let the function f be dened on ]0, +∞[ in R by f (x) = 4 − ln x.
4
1. Prove that the equation f (x) = x has a unique solution α ∈ I =]3, 4[. (α is called the xed
point of the function f ).
1
2. Show that f (I) ⊂ I and for all x ∈ I , |f ′ (x)| ≤ . (We say that f is a contracting map
12
1
with constant k equal to ).
12
3. Consider the recursive sequence (xn )n∈N dened by

xn+1 = f (xn )
x0 ∈ I

(a) Using the Mean Value Theorem, verify that |x1 − α| ≤ k|x0 − α|.
(b) Deduce by induction that for all n ≥ 1, |xn − α| ≤ kn |x0 − α|.
(c) Conclude from the above that the sequence (xn )n∈N converges to α and nd an approxima-
tion of α to 10−5 . (Choose x0 = 3.5 for example).
Exercise 4.
Let the function f : [−1, +∞[→ R be dened by :
√
if −1 ≤ x ≤ 0

− 1+x
f (x) = where a and b are real parameters.
− cos(πx) + ax + b if x > 0
1. Study the continuity and dierentiability of f on ] − 1, 0[∪]0, +∞[ and then calculate f ′ on
] − 1, 0[∪]0, +∞[.
2. Determine b, so that f is continuous at 0.
3. For this value of b, nd the values of a for which f is dierentiable at 0.
4. Set a = −1/2 and b = 0.
(a) State the Intermediate Value Theorem.

3
 1
(b) Prove that the equation f ′ (x) = 0 has at least one solution on ] , 1[.
2
1
(c) Study the monotonicity of f ′ on ] , 1[. Is the solution of the equation f ′ (x) = 0 unique ?
2
Exercise 5.
Let the function f be dened on R by f (x) = ex (sin(x) + cos(x)) − 1.
1. Calculate f ′ , f (2) , and f (3) .
2. Write down the Taylor-Lagrange formula of order 2. Using the Taylor-Lagrange formula, prove
π
that for all x ∈ [0, ], we have : |f (x) − (2x + x2 )| ≤ |x3 |.
6
Exercise 6. Exercise 11.
Let f be the function dened by :
 
1
f (x) = arctan
|x − 1|

1. Give the domain of denition of f .

2. Show that the function f is continuously extended at x0 = 1, then give its extension.

 f (x) if x ̸= 1
3. Let g be the function dened by : g(x) =
 π if x = 1
2
π
a) Show that there exists c ∈]1, 2[ such that g(2) − = g ′ (c).
2
b) Show that g is bijective from ]0, 1[ to an interval J which should be determined, then nd the
inverse map.
π
Remark :x→+∞
lim arctan x =
2
Exercise 7.
Consider the function f dened by :
√
if x ∈ [1, 3[

 α arctan( x)

f (x) = where α ∈ R⋆ .
 π cosh( x − 1) if x ∈ [3, +∞[

3 3
1. (i) For which values of the parameter α is the function f continuous at x0 = 3 ?
(ii) What can be deduced about the dierentiability of the function f at x0 = 3 for α = 2 ?
2. We pose α = 1.
(i) Study the dierentiability of f at x0 = 3.
π
(ii) Show that there exists c in ]1, 3[ such that f ′ (c) = .
24
√ π
Recall : arctan( 3) = .
3