6

Mathematics
Quarter 2 –Week 3
Finding the Percentage, Base and Rate
in A Given Problem

Writer:
LANA G. GARCIA
T III – San Nicolas Elementary School
San Luis District

Editors:
JANE P. VALENCIA, Ed.D., EPS Mathematics
EVELYN L. LALAS, MT II, Calantas ES, Floridablanca West District
CHERRY O. SALES, MT I, Bacolor ES Proper, Bacolor South District
JON JOSHUA D. ORDOÑEZ, T II, San Isidro ES, Santa Rita District

1
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
in solving the percentage, rate and base. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Find the percentage, rate and base in a given problem

 Lesson Finding the Percentage,
Base and Rate in a Given
1 Problem
As we go through this lesson, think of these questions.How do we find
the percentage, rate and base? What are the other operations involved in
solving equations pertaining to it? What are the skills needed in order to do it
properly?

What’s In

Our aim is to find the percentage, rate and base. But before we go through
that, let me first check your skills by answering these equations which you have
learned from the previous lesson.

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in the
development of this competency including the schema or background
knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module will help the learners
bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery of the lesson in its spiral
progression.
Identify the rate, base and percentage by completing the table.

FRACTION DECIMAL PERCENT

1. ¼
2. 0.44

3. 78%

4. 0.125

5. 8.5%

What is It

Let us solve the problem:

The formula used is: P = B × R

Where P = percentage

B = base, this represents the whole or original amount.

R = rate, expressed in decimal form.

Follow the steps to find the answer.

Step 1: Write an equation. 60% of 55 = n

Rate Base Percentage

Step 2: Change percent to decimal. 0.60 x 55 = n

Step 3: Multiply 55 X 0.60 33.00 n = 33

The answer is 33. It is called a percentage. It is the 60% of 55. A percentage

is another number that represents the percent of a number.

The given problem is an example of a problem on Percentage

Percentage is a part of a whole. The whole or total is the base, while the
number with percent (%) symbol is the rate.

From the problem above, we have learned that 60% of 55 is 33.

 60% is the Rate (the expression with the % symbol)

33 is the Percentage (part of a whole; part of 55)

55 is the Base(whole or total)

Formulas for Finding Percentage, rate, and Base

• P=BxR

• R=P÷B

• B=P÷R

P= percentage, R = rate B = base

The techan’s triangle above can help you remember the three formulas. To
find the percentage (P) cover P; since R and B are next to each other, it means
multiplication. To find the base (B) cover the B; since P is over R, it means division.
And to find the rate (R), cover R; since P is over B, it means division.

Let us study the following examples

Finding the Percentage (P)
Example:Find 75% of 80
Solution:
We can solve the problem in two ways

Using Decimal Using a Proportion

Percentage
75% of 80 = n Rate =
Base
0.75 x 80 = n
75 = n
60=n 100 80 75

❖ Change the rate to decimal 100n = 6000 Think: 75% =

100
100n = 6000
100 100

n= 60
Finding the Rate (R)
Example: 36 is what percent of 60?
We can solve the problem in two ways
Think: n% 0f 60 = 36

Using Decimal Using a Proportion

Percentage
n% of 60 = 36 Rate =
Base
n x 60 = 36
100 x 36 = 3600
100
n = 36 = n : 100 = 36 : 60
60n = 36 100 60
100 n x 60 = 60n

60n = 36 x 100
60n = 3600
60n = 3600
60n = 3600
60n = 3600
60 60 60 60

n = 60
n = 60

Finding the Base (B)

Example: 40% of a number is 240. What is the number?
We can solve the problem in two ways
Think: 40% ofn = 240

Rate Base Percentage

Using Decimal Using a Proportion

40% 0f n = 240 Percentage
Rate =
100 x 36 = 3600
0.4 x n = 240 Base

0.4n = 240 40 = 240 40:100 = 240 : n

100 n
0.4n = 240
0.4 0.4 40n = 24 000

40n = 24 000
n = 600 40 40

n = 600
 What’s More

Activity 1:
Translate each problem into an equation, then, underline the percentage.

Example: what number is 8% of 36?

8% x 36 = N

1. 16 is what percent of 40?

___________________________
2. 12 % of 50 is what number?
____________________________
3. 45 is 20% of what number?
____________________________
4. What number is 40% of 60?
___________________________
5. What percent of 120 is 30?
__________________________

Congratulations! You have successfully answered the first

activity. Continue your good job in the second activity.

Activity 2
Solve each problem

1. 125 is ___________ % of 25

2. 32 is ____________ % of 80

3. 488 is ___________ % of 800

4. 96 is ____________ % of 120

5. 135 is ___________ % of 300

Activity 3

Solve for the following problems. Find the base

1. The number 12.5 is 25% of what number? _________________

2. The number 270 is 9% of what number? _________________

3. The number 288 is 60% of what number?_________________

4. The number 240 is 40% 0f what number?_________________

5. The number 297 is 30% of what number?_______________

Great! You really impressed me! You have successfully finished

the activities.

What I Have Learned

Let’s have a quick review of what you have learned. With your great
skills, I know you can successfully answer these questions.
Fill in the blanks the correct answer.

1. When one finds what percent one number is of another, he looks for
the______________________

2. Finding a number when percent of it is known means

solving for______________

3. 16% is 25 of 64.
The percentage in the problem is_______________

4. Two of the 50 pieces of tomatoes in the basket are rotten. This is 4% of

all the tomatoes in the basket. Which is the rate________________

5. Solving for a number when percent of it is known means computing

for the___________________
 What I Can Do

Read, analyze and solve.

1. Cesar invited 300 kids in the party. Only 15% of the kids did notshow up.
How many kids came to the party?

2. Rosa got 20% of an 80 item test incorrectly. How many items did she get
correctly?

3. There were 50 pupils in Grade III. If 28% of the pupils were absent, how
many pupils were present?

4. Out of 50 pupils, only 48 pupils joined the educational fieldtrip. What

percent joined the trip?

5. Among the 50 pupils in a Grade 6 class, 6% are left-handed. How many

are left-handed?

Congratulations! You did a splendid job. I’m pretty sure that

you are ready for an assessment.

Assessment

Solve for the following problems.

1. 30 is 15% of what number? ________________

2. What is 78% of 100? ________________
3. 8 is what percent of 16? ________________
4. What percent of 35 is 7? ________________
5. 22% of what number is 66? ________________
6. 24% of 300 is what number? ________________
7. 12 is 40% of what number? ________________
8. What is 90% of 30? ________________
9. 7 is what percent of 14? ________________
10. What percent of 45 is 9? _________________
 Additional Activities

Write what is missing (base, rate, or percentage) and then solve.

1). 25% of what number is 12? 6). What percent of 28 is 14?
What is What is
missing?_____________ missing?_____________
Answer: Answer:
______________ ______________

2). 32 is what percent of 80? 7). 9% is what percent of 180?

What is What is
missing?_____________ missing?_____________
Answer Answer:
_____________ ______________

3). 100% of 11 is what number? 8). 200% of 10 is what number?

What is What is
missing?_____________ missing?_____________
Answer: Answer:
______________ ______________

4). 30% of 70 is what number? 9). 6 is what percent of 2?

What is What is
missing?_____________ missing?_____________
Answer: Answer:
______________ ______________

5). 14 is what percent of 56? 10). 2% of 250 is what number?

What is What is
missing?_____________ missing?_____________
Answer: Answer:
______________ ______________

Note:See the Answer key at the back. If you get….

- 9-10 Excellent! You may now proceed to the next activity.
- 6-8 You need to review the processes you missed.
- 0-5 You need to repaet5 the whole process. Ask your teacher or
elderto help you.
 Answer Key

What’s In?

FRACTION DECIMAL PERCENT

1 1/4 .25 25%
2 11/25 0.44 44%
3 39/50 0.78 78%
4 1/8 0.125 12.5%
5 8 5/100 0.085 8.5%

What’s More What’s More Additional Activities

Activity 1 Activity 2
1.Base
1. 16÷40= n 1. 20%
2. 12% x 50= n 2. 40% 48
3. 45÷ 20% = n 3. 61% 2. Rate
4. 40% x 60 = n 4. 8%
40%
5. 30÷ 120 = n 5. 45% 3. Percentage

11
4. Percentage

What I have 21
What’s More Learned 5. Rate
Activity 3
25%
1. Rate
1. 50 6. Rate
2. Base
2. 3000 50%
3. 25
3. 480 7. Percentage
4. 4%
4. 600
5. Base 16.2
5. 990 8. Percentage

20
9. Rate
What can I do Assessment
33.33%
1. 45 1. 200 10. Percentage

2. 64 2. 78
5
3. 36 3. 50%
4. 96% 4. 20%
5. 3 5. 300
6. 72
7. 30
8. 27
9. 50%
10. 20%
 Solving Routine and Non-Routine
Lesson
Problems Involving Percentage,
2 Rate and Base Using Appropriate
Strategies and Tools

Do you love solving word problems? Do you know that problem solving
develops critical and analytical thinking? It requires an in-depth understanding
and comprehension in applying the lessons learned. This will help you solve
problems in real-life situation as well. This will develop your reasoning skill as
you explain how you obtained the answer. Also, retention of the lesson learned
as you apply it in real life context is far better than just pure memorization. Are
you ready to develop your critical thinking by understanding this lesson?

Let us start the journey of solving problems!

What’s In

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in the
development of this competency including the schema or background
knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module will help the learners
bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery of the lesson in its spiral
progression.
Identify the rate, base and percentage by completing the table.

Rate Base Percentage

1. 7% ? 28

2. 6% 876 ?

3. 13% ? 26

4. 50% 800 ?

5. ? 50 10

What is It

Are you excited to answer the first word problem? Let us help them to compute
the numbers of female professionals are there. Ready?
Let us analyze the given problem first.

Example 1
In an International conference, 300 people who attended were Filipinos.
If 30% of these were Filipino male professionals, how many Filipino female
professionals were there?

➢ Understand:
a. What is asked?
The number of Filipino female professionals in the international
conference. We are looking for the percentage.

b. What are the given facts?

A total of 300 Filipinos were there. Of total, 30% were male

➢ Plan
Analyze the problem and decide on what operation must be used.

If there were 30% male professionals, 100% - 30% = 70%. Therefore,

70% comprises the number of female professionals. To solve the exact
 number of female professionals, we can use the formula for finding the
percentage: P = R x B.

➢ Solve
Using the formula, we have
P=RxB
= 70% x 300
= 0.70 x 300
P = 210 thenumber of female professionals

Answer: There were 210 Filipino female professionals in the

conference.

➢ Check
This is one way to know if our answer is correct.

30% x 300 = 0.30 x 300

= 90 the number of male professionals
210 + 90 = 300 total number of Filipino professionals

Female male

Therefore are solution is correct.

The first example above is an example of a routine word

problem. It is a type of word problem that has immediate
solution and is easy to answer.
Example 2
William got 90% correct answer in a 50-item test in Math VI. How many
items did he answer correctly?
Answer the following questions:
a. What is asked?
b. What are given?
c. What operation should be used?
d. How will you write the number sentence?
e. Answer and check

Since you will find the percentage, the equation will be:
90% of 50 = P
90% x 50 = P
 The basic equation for finding the percentage:

Where P = percentage

B = base, this represents the whole or original amount.

R = rate, expressed in decimal form.

Rate (R) x Base (B) = Percentage (P)

➢ Understand:

a. What is asked?
The number of item he answer correctly

b. What are the given facts?

50 item test in Math VI, 90% correct answer

➢ Plan
Analyze the problem and decide on what operation must be used.

To solve how many correct answer he get we can used:

➢ Solve
Using an Equation

From here, you now have 90% x 50 = P

Solve now for P.

90% x 50 = P or 90% x 50 = P
0.9 x 50 = P 90 x 50 = P
45 = P 100
45 = P

The answer is 45. It is called a percentage. It is the 90% of 50. A

percentage is another number that represents the percent of a number.

The given problem is an example of a problem on Percentage

Percentage is a part of a whole. The whole or total is the base, while the
number with percent (%) symbol is the rate.

From the problem above, we have learned that 90% of 50 is 45.

90% is the Rate (the expression with the % symbol)

45 is the percentage (part of a whole; part of 50)

50 is the Base (whole or total)

 Using Proportion
We have 90% is to 100% and P is to 50.
Setting the Proportion
90:100 = P: 50
Solving for P:

90:100 = P: 50 90 = P
90 x 50 = 100 x P 100 50
4500 = 100P 90 x 50 = 100 x P
100 100 4500= 100P
45 = P 100 100
45 = P

90 = P
100 50

90X 50 = P
100

4500= P
100

45 = P

Do you know that this time this is an example of a non-routine word

problem? It is a type of word problem that requires analysis and critical thinking
and can be solve in multiple ways using different strategies. These problems
develop our higher order thinking skills.

What’s More

Activity 1

Solve for the following problems.

1. There are 55 mangoes in the basket. Forty percent of them are ripe.
How many ripe mangoes are there in the basket?
 2. Mang Nico has 3 hectares of land to plant. He has planted 60% of the
land with palay. How many hectares were planted with palay?

3. Every payday Maryl budgets 70% of her Php 1, 500 earning for bill
payments. How much does she budget for paying all her bills?

4. Pedro was tasked to fill 5 big bottles with grated papaya for the
“atchara”. He was able fill 150% of the bottles. How many bottles were
able to fill with grated papaya?

Activity 2

Solve each problem

1. Mang Ramon harvested green mangoes in his farm and put them in a
basket. After 3 days, he found out that 15 of the mangoes in the basket
were rotten. He said, “nakapanghihinayangdahilkatumbasitong 12.5%
ng piñatas ko”. What is the total number of mangoes Mang Ramon had
harvested?

a. How many green mangoes are there in the basket?

b. How many green mangoes are not rotten?
c. What percent of the green mangoes are rotten??

2. There were 500 teachers who attended a Math seminar. If 65% of these
were male teachers, how many female teachers were there?

a. How many female teachers were in the conference?

b. How many teachers were in the conference?
c. What percent of the female teachers were there in all?
Activity 3

Read, analyze and solve

1. A painter can finish painting a house in 30 days. If he has been

painting for 24 days, what percent of the painting job has he not
completed yet?

a. What is asked?
b. What are given?
c. What operation should be used?
d. Number sentence?
e. Answer
 2. Manuelito, a son of a school janitor, does not ask for more. He has
daily allowance of Php 10.00 a day which is 20% of his classmates’
daily allowance. How much is his classmate’s daily allowance?

a. What is asked?
b. What are given?
c. What operation should be used?
d. Number sentence?
e. Answer

What I Have Learned

Let us see if you really understand our lesson. Complete the flowchart by
writing George Polya’s four-step process in problem solving. The following
sentences will serve as your clues.

1. In order to solve a problem you need to read the problem carefully. You
need to comprehend it first and look for significant facts (What is asked?
What are the given facts?) that you can use to solve the problem. This
will give you clues on how to solve the problem easily.
2. Once you understand the problem you are trying to solve, you are now
ready to decide on what operation are you going to use and how are you
going to do it. In planning, you may write a number sentence as your
guide in solving.
3. After knowing what operation is to be used during devising a plan, it is
now time for the computation or solving the number sentence you had
written. It is simply the application or solution of your plan. This is
where you can find answer to the problem.
4. This simply means to check and interpret your answer. This is needed
in such a way that you can assure that your answer is correct. In
checking, you can go back to your computation and once you finalize
it, be sure not to forget the units used.
 Step 4:

Step 3:

Step 2:

Step 1:

Answer the following. (3 points each)

1. What is a routine word problem?

_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. What is a non-routine word problem?

___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Answer the following problems.

1. Joyce is helping her mother pack “kutsinta” to be sold in the market.

Mother gave her 20 plastic bags to fill. Joyce was able to fill 80% of
the plastic bags with “kutsinta”. How many plastic bags did Joyce
fill?
a. R = _________ B = _________ P = _________
b. How many plastic bags did Joyce fill?
c. What is good trait about Joyce?

2. Mico is helping his father harvest corn in their field. He was able to
harvest corn from 85% of 1 000 square meters of the field. How much
of the field was Mico able to harvest corn from?

a. R = __________ B = _________ P = _________

b. How much of the field was he able to harvest corn from?
 c. What kind of child is Mico? Why?
d. If you were Mico, would you do the same? Why?

Congratulations for a job well done!You are indeed ready for the next part of this
module which is the assessment.

Assessment

Solve the following problem

1. Lester receives Php 135.00 from his sister as a help which is 10% of the
money he gets from his mother. How much does his mother give him?

a. What is asked?
b. What are given?
c. What operation should be used?
d. Number sentence
e. Answer and check

2. In a math class, 8 pupils received a grade of 90. If 16% of the class

received 90, how many pupils are there in a class?

a. What is asked?
b. What are given?
c. What operation should be used?
d. Number sentence
e. Answer and check

3. In a Grade 6 outing, 240 pupils joined the outing, which is 80% of the
total number of grade 6 pupils enrolled in the school. Find the total
number of Grade 6 pupils who are enrolled in the school.

a. What is asked?
b. What are given?
c. What operation should be used?
d. Number sentence
e. Answer and check
 Additional Activities

Read and solve each problem. Write the complete answer on the line.

1. The price of a watch including a 5% sales tax is Php 39, 600. How much
is the cost of the watch without sales tax?

2. Alex bought pair of shoes for Php 2, 040. If this was 85% of the original
price, how much did he save?

3. A DVD player originally priced at Php 3,500 was marked up by 20%.

How much is it being sold now?

4. Mrs. Ilagan’s favorite magazine is now being sold at 15% off its regular
price of Php 180. How much will she pay for the magazine?

5. A Save Mother Earth rally was attended by 2400 people. The

participants were teachers and their pupils. If 360 teachers attended,
what percent of the participants were teachers?

Now that you are done with the assessment part you can check your answer
using the Answer Key, let us see if you will proceed to the next activity or should
go over again. If you get:
4-5 Excellent! You may now proceed to the next activity.
3-0 You need to review the processes you missed.
 Answer Key
RATE BASE PERCENTAGE
1 7% 400 28

2 6% 876 52.56

3 13% 200 26
4 50% 800 400

5 20% 50 1-0

What’s More
ACTIVITY 1
1. 22 mangoes
2. 1.80 hectares
3. Php 1, 050
4. 7.5 bottles

What’s More
ACTIVITY 2
1. a. 120 mangoes
b. 105
c. 12.5%

2. a. 175
b. 500
c. 35%

What’s More
ACTIVITY 3
1. a. What percent of the painting job has he not completed yet?
b. 30 days, 24 days
c. Division
d. 24÷ 30 = N
e. 80%

2. a. How much did Manuelito’s classmates daily allowance?

b. Php 10, 20%
c. Division
d. 10 ÷ 20% = N
e. Php 50.00
 What I Have Learned
Step 1 : Understand the problem
Step 2 : Devise a plan
Step 3 : Carry out the plan
Step 4 : Look back

Routine- is a type of word problem that has immediate solution and is easy to answer.

Non-Routine- is a type of word problem that requires analysis and critical thinking and
can be solve in multiple ways using different strategies. These problems develop our higher
order thinking skills.

What can I do?

1. a. 80%, 20 , 16
b. 16
c. helpful

2. a. 85%, 1000sqm. 850 sq. m

b. 850 sq. m.
c. Helpful, because he helped his father in harvesting corn in their field.
d. Yes

Assessment

1. a. How much does his mother give him?

b. Php 135.00, 10%
c. Division
d. 135 ÷ 10% = N
e. Php 1,350.00

2. a. How many pupils are there in the class?

b. 8 pupils, 90, 16
c. Division
d. 8÷16%= N
e. 50 pupils
3. a. Find the total number of Grade 6 pupils who are enrolled in the school
b. 240 pupils, 80%
c. division
e. 240÷ 80%= N
f. 300 pupils
Additional activities
1. Php 37, 620.00
2. Php 2, 400.00
3. Php 4, 200.00
4. Php 153.00
5. 15%