Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV A – CALABARZON
Division of Lucena City
Gulang-Gulang National High School

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES 11

MELCs:
 Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-6).

Learning Objectives:
 Describe the objectives and structure of a report;
 Determine the characteristics of an objective and structure of a report; and
 Write an objective properly structured in a report.

Learning Tasks:
 The students will read and comprehend “Various Kinds of Reports”.
 Afterwards, the students will answer the attached activity in an A4 size bond paper.

VARIOUS KINDS OF REPORTS

1. TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS
 disciplines with an applied focus such as Engineering, Information Technology, Commerce, Accounting and
Finance, will set report writing assignments that simulate the process of report writing in industry. Technical
writing is form of writing technical communication or documentation in science and technology or
applied science that helps people understand a product or service.
 The main purpose of technical writing is to inform and to trigger the person into action such as
purchasing a product or service.
 Its purpose may also be instructing persuade, but never to entertain.
 The content is factual and straightforward. It is expressed in formal, standard or academic language.
 The write-up uses a specialized vocabulary and follows a set of rules and conventions.
 It is also organized in a sequential or systematic pattern. Often, it is detail-oriented and require advance
knowledge in the specific field.
 The tone of technical writing output is objective and its audience is specific uses language to evoke
either an emotional or intellectual response from the audience or reader.
 Examples of technical writing are end user documentation like user manuals that accompany cellular
phones, personal computers.

2. FIELD REPORTS
 are common in disciplines such as Law, Industrial Relations, Psychology, Nursing, History and Education.
 These types of reports require the student to analyze his or her observations of phenomena or events in the real
world in light of theories studied in the course.
o The purpose of a field report in the social sciences is to describe the observation of people, places,
and/or events and to analyze that observation data in order to identify and categorize common themes
in relation to the research problem underpinning the study.
o The content represents the researcher's interpretation of meaning found in data that has been gathered
during one or more observational events.
 Field reports are assigned with the intention of improving your understanding of key theoretical concepts
by applying methods of careful and structured observation of, and reflection about, people, places, or
phenomena existing in their natural settings.
 Field reports facilitate the development of data collection techniques and observation skills and they help
you to understand how theory applies to real world situations. Field reports are also an opportunity to obtain
evidence through methods of observing professional practice that contribute to or challenge existing theories.
 When writing a field report, you need to:
 Systematically observe and accurately record the varying aspects of a situation.
 Continuously analyze your observations. Always look for the meaning underlying the actions you observe.
 Keep the report’s aims in mind while you are observing. Recording what you observe should not be done
randomly or haphazardly; you must be focused and pay attention to details.
 Consciously observe, record, and analyze what you hear and see in the context of a theoretical framework.
  Techniques to record your observations:
a. Note taking - This is the most common and easiest method of recording your observations. Tips for
taking notes include: organizing some shorthand symbols beforehand so that recording basic or
repeated actions does not impede your ability to observe, using many small paragraphs, which reflect
changes in activities, who is talking, etc., and, leaving space on the page so you can write down
additional thoughts and ideas about what’s being observed, any theoretical insights, and notes to
yourself that are set aside for further investigation.
b. Photography - With the advent of smart phones, an almost unlimited number of high quality
photographs can be taken of the objects, events, and people observed during a field study.
Photographs can help capture an important moment in time as well as document details about the
space where your observation takes place. Taking a photograph can save you time in documenting the
details of a space that would otherwise require extensive note taking.
c. Video & Audio Recordings -Video or audio recording your observations has the positive effect of
giving you an unfiltered record of the observation event. It also facilitates repeated analysis of your
observations. This can be particularly helpful as you gather additional information or insights during your
research.
d. Illustrations - This does not refer to an artistic endeavor but, rather, refers to the possible need, for
example, to draw a map of the observation setting or illustrating objects in relation to people's behavior.

3. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
 They are common in all the Sciences and Social Sciences. These reports use a standard scientific report
format describing methods, results and conclusions to report upon an empirical investigation.
 The purpose of a science report is to clearly communicate your key message about why your scientific findings
are meaningful.
 In order to do this, you need to explain why you are testing a hypothesis, what methodology you used, what you
found, and why your findings are meaningful. This requires a clear link between your introduction and your
analysis/discussion.
 The scope and style of reports varies widely. It depends on three key factors: the report's intended audience,
the report's purpose and the type of information/subject to be communicated.

Written Works
Directions: Supply the missing words and compare and contrast the three (3) kinds of report using Venn diagram.

Kinds of Report Audience Purpose Subject

Technical Report
Field Report
Scientific Report