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6 DBMS

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FATIN HANNANI BINTI MOHD NASIR / UPM
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6 DBMS

Uploaded by

FATIN HANNANI BINTI MOHD NASIR / UPM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECC4217 & ECC4207

WEB AND DATABASE


BASIC CONCEPT OF DATABASE

Siti Mariam Shafie


[email protected]
▪ Understand the concept of DBMS vs file
system
▪ Define and differentiate database model,
schema, instance
Learning ▪ Describe three level of data abstraction
Outcomes ▪ Understand database system architecture
▪ Identify classification of DBMS
File-Based Systems
▪ Collection of application
programs that perform
services for the end users
(e.g. reports).
▪ Each program defines and
manages its own data.
Limitations of File-Based Approach
▪ Separation and isolation of data
❑ Each program maintains its own set of data.
❑ Users of one program may be unaware of potentially useful data held by other programs.
▪ Duplication of data
❑ Same data is held by different programs.
❑ Wasted space and potentially different values and/or different formats for the same item.
▪ Data dependence
❑ File structure is defined in the program code.
▪ Incompatible file formats
❑ Programs are written in different languages, and so cannot easily access each other’s files.
▪ Fixed Queries/Proliferation of application programs
❑ Programs are written to satisfy particular functions.
❑ Any new requirement needs a new program.
Database
Management
System (DBMS)
▪ A software system that
enables users to define,
create, maintain, and
control access to the
database.
Examples of
DBMS Software
▪ MySQL: Open-source, widely used for web
applications.
▪ PostgreSQL: Advanced open-source database with
powerful features.
▪ Oracle DB: Enterprise-grade DBMS for large-scale
applications.
▪ Microsoft SQL Server: Popular for Windows-based
environments.
▪ SQLite: Lightweight DBMS for local, embedded
applications.
▪ MongoDB: Document-oriented NoSQL database
Database, DBMS and SQL
▪ Database
❑ Shared collection of logically related data (and
a description of this data), designed to meet
the information needs of an organization.
❑ System catalog (metadata) provides description
of data to enable program–data
independence.
❑ Logically related data comprises entities,
attributes, and relationships of an
organization’s information.
▪ Database Management System (DBMS)
❑ A software system that enables users to define,
create, maintain, and control access to the
database.
▪ Structured Query Language (SQL)
❑ Interacts with database by issuing an
appropriate request via SQL statement
Advantages of DBMS
▪ Data Integrity
❑ data in the database is accurate
▪ Security
❑ only authorized users should be allowed to access the database
▪ Data consistency
❑ data appears consistently across the database
▪ Efficient data access
❑ all access to the data is through the DBMS
▪ Enforcement standard
▪ Data independence
▪ Reduced application development and maintenance time
Examples of Database Applications
▪ Purchases from the supermarket
▪ Purchases using your credit card
▪ Booking a holiday at the travel agents
▪ Using the local library
▪ Taking out insurance
▪ Renting a video
▪ Using the Internet
▪ Studying at university
Popular DBMS
worldwide, as of
September
2023

https://www.statista.com/statistics/80975
0/worldwide-popularity-ranking-
database-management-systems/
Data Model in DBMS
▪ Data model describes how a database's logical structure is
represented
▪ In a DBMS, data models are essential for introducing abstraction
▪ Data models specify how data is linked to one another, as well as how
it is handled and stored within the system.
Why use Data Model?
▪ Ensures that all data objects required by the database are accurately
represented to produce correct results
▪ Helps design the database
▪ Helps to define the relationship between tables, primary and foreign
keys and stored procedures
▪ Provides a clear picture of the data to developers
▪ Helps business to communicate within and across the organizations
Data Modeling vs Data Model vs Data
Abstraction
▪ Data modeling
❑ A process of creating a data model to
represent the data, the association
between different data and the rules.
▪ Data models
❑ Simple representations of complex real-
world data structures
▪ Classified data models by three level
of abstraction
❑ View level: user’s view
❑ Conceptual/logical level: designer’s view
❑ Internal level: DBMS view
Three Levels of ANSI-SPARC Architecture
User’s view

Designer’s view

DBMS’s view
Evolution of Data Models
▪ Hierarchical
▪ Network
▪ Relational
▪ Object-oriented
▪ Graph
▪ Entity-Relationship (ER) model
▪ Document databases
▪ NoSQL databases – not only SQL
Network Model
Hierarchical Model
Object-Oriented Model

▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=OwQoj3GJfNY
Entity-Relationship Model
▪ Collection of basic objects
called entities, attributes
and its relationships
▪ Represented by ER Diagram
Relation/table Attributes/fields
Relational Model
▪ A relational database is a collection of normalized
tables
❑ Tables represent both data and relationships
Tuple/row
▪ A relation is a table with columns and rows.
▪ An attribute is a named column of a relation
relationship
▪ A tuple is a row of a relation.
▪ A domain is a set of allowable values for one or
more attributes.
▪ The degree of a relation is the number of attributes
it contains. The cardinality of a relation is the
number of tuples it contains.
DBMS vs
RDBMS
Questions
▪ What is the different between data, database and dbms?
▪ Discuss different types of data model
▪ Discuss reasons for understanding files systems, even though they are largely
obsolete.
▪ Explain the need to understand the shortcomings of file system
▪ Explain that the DBMS has advantages over file system management and
illustrate the differences.
▪ Explain that the current generation DBMS software stores the data structures and
the relationships between them
▪ Explain what a DBMS is.
▪ Explain the functions of a DBMS
References
▪ Connolly, T. & Begg, C., Database Systems: A Practical Approach to
Design, Implementation, and Management
▪ Coronel, C. & Morris, S., Database Systems: Design, Implementation,
& Management
▪ https://mrcet.com/downloads/digital_notes/ECE/III%20Year/DATABA
SE%20MANAGEMENT%20SYSTEMS.pdf
▪ https://www.slideshare.net/UsmanTariq38/data-models-205903853

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