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Multipurpose River Valley Projects PDF

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671 views13 pages

Multipurpose River Valley Projects PDF

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cookieswarna
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Multipurpose River-

Valley Projects in
India
What is a MRVP? Multipurpose river valley projects are water resources projects planned for
various purposes.
 Water supply for drinking
 Water supply for industrial purposes,
 Navigation.

 FloodControl- As water is stored in such projects,


these projects help to control the flood.
 Generation of Power- It results in the generation of
clean, pollution-free, and economical energy.
 Soil
Conservation- It decreases the speed of the
water, thus, conserving the soil.
 Irrigation-The water stored in the dams is utilized
for irrigating dry areas.
 Fisheries-It creates an ideal condition for fish
breeding of chosen variety.
 Touristcenters- since these projects are developed
scientifically and cared for well, it becomes the
center of attraction for tourists.
Problems and challenges of Multipurpose River Valley Project
❑ Change in rainfall patterns in the catchment
areas
❑ Excessive sedimentation at the bottom of the
reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and ❑ Affect the natural flow of rivers causing poor
poorer habitats for the aquatic life of rivers. sediment flow.
❑ Makes it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, ❑ Multi-purpose projects that were constructed to
especially for spawning, submersion of the
existing vegetation and soil leading to its control floods have triggered floods which cause
decomposition over a period of time. extensive soil erosion.
❑ Multi-purpose projects and large dams have ❑ Sedimentation also meant that the floodplains were
also been the cause of many new
environmental disasters like dam failure deprived of silt, a natural fertilizer, further adding
(Chungthang dam) and movements like the on to the problem of land degradation.
Narmada Bachao Andolan and the Tehri Dam
Andolan etc. ❑ Multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused

water borne diseases and pests and Pollution


resulting from excessive use of water.
Difference between
Dam and Barrage

According to the World Commission on


Dams, a key difference between dam a and
a barrage is that
 A dam is built for water storage in a
reservoir, which raises the level of
water significantly.
 A barrage is built for diverting water,
and raises the water level by only a few
feet. The latter is generally built on flat
terrain across wide, often meandering
rivers.
Facts to remember:

 World oldest – The Jawa Dam in Jordan is the oldest known dam in the world,
dating back to the 4th millennium BCE
 World oldest operational dam- Lake Homs, Syria
 India’s oldest- Kallanai Dam, also known as the Grand Anicut, on Kaveri,
Tamilnadu
 World’s longest dam- Hirakud, Mahanadi, Odissa
 World’s highest dam - Jinping-I Dam in Sichuan, China
 World’s largest hydel power facility- The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze
River in China
 India’s largest/ highest dam- Tehri dam, Bhagirathi, Uttarakhand, 260.5 metre
 India’s largest hydel power facility- The Koyna Hydroelectric Project
Damodar Valley Project
 • This project was conceived for the unified
development of irrigation, flood control, and
power generation in West Bengal and Jharkhand. **Indian Astrophysicist Meghnad
Saha, the former chief architect of
 • It is one of the earliest multipurpose projects river planning in India, prepared the
in India, established in 1948, administered by the original plan for the Damodar Valley
Damodar Valley Corporation. Project.

 Damodar Valley Corporation is the first MRVP


project of independent India.
 • The irrigation potential of the project is
about 5.51 lakh hectares; its installed power
generation capacity is 1181 MW.
 • It is designed on the lines of the Tennessee
Valley Authority in the USA.
 DVC has a network of four dams - Tilaiya and
Maithon on Barakar River, Panchet on Damodar
river and Konar on Konar river.
 The Durgapur barrage on river Damodar was
constructed in 1955 for the supply of irrigation
water to the districts of Burdwan, Bankura &
Hooghly.
Damodar Valley Project
HYDEL-POWER PLANT
1. Panchet (Damodar R.)
2. Maithon (Barakar R.)
3. Tilaiya (Barakar R.)
4. Konar (Konar R.)

THERMAL POWER PLANT


1. Mejia
2. Raghunathpur
3. Durgapur steel
4. Durgapur
5. Kodarma
6. Chandrapura
7. Bokaro
Bhakra Nangal Project
• Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Satluj River in
Bhakra Village near Bilaspur in Bilaspur district, Himachal
Pradesh in northern India.
• Nangal Dam is another dam in Punjab 10 km downstream of
Bhakra Dam. However, sometimes both the dams together are
called Bhakra-Nangal Dam though they are two separate dams.
• In terms of storage of water, it is the third largest reservoir in
India, the first being Indira Sagar dam in Madhya Pradesh with
capacity of 12.22 billion cubic meters and the second being
Nagarjunasagar Dam in Telangana.
• It is a joint venture of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal.
• It is India’s biggest multipurpose river valley project
• Bhakra dam consists of a straight gravity dam, 518 meters
long, 226 meters high across the Sutlej at Bhakra. The dam
forms the Gobind Sagar reservoir.
• The canal system of the project is now irrigating 14.8 lakh
hectares.
• It generates 1204 MW of electricity.
Hirakud Dam
Chambal Project
• The Chambal project was jointly
executed by Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan.
• In the 1st stage, the Gandhi Sagar
Dam (MP), its 115 MW power station
and the Kota barrage were completed.

• The Rana Pratap Sagar (Rajasthan)


dam with a powerhouse of 172 MW
capacity was constructed in the 2nd
stage.

• The 3rd stage comprises the


construction of the Jawahar Sagar dam
(Rajasthan) and the 99 MW power
station.

• The Kota Barrage is also included in this


project
Koyna Project
 • The Koyna project,
run by the Maharashtra
State Electricity Board, is
the largest completed
hydroelectric power plant in
the country.
 • It has a total
generation capacity of
1,960 MW.
 • It is a complex project
with four dams, including
the largest dam on the
Koyna river.
 • It comprises the
construction of a 208 ft.
high dam.
Farakka Barrage

 •It consists of a barrage across the Ganga at


Farakka, another barrage at Jangipur across
the Bhagirathi. It was constructed between
1951- 1975.
 •It includes a 39 km long feeder canal
taking off from the right bank of the Ganga,
at Farakka, tailing into the Bhagirathi below
the Jangipur Barrage.
 •Road-cum-rail bridge over the Farakka
barrage is a major connectivity line.
 •The basic aim of the Farakka barrage is to
preserve and maintain the Calcutta port.
 •It intends to improve the navigability of
the Hooghly river.
 •Farakka also utilizes a large volume of
water from its stored capacity to clear the
silt deposits at Calcutta port.

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