HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

PAPER 2 (311/2) KCSE

ANALYSIS 2006-2023

Compiled and prepared by D.R. MULWA, PhD

Alliance High School
0788981034
Recommended Revision Book for KNEC coordinated answers KCSE MADE FAMILIAR
(KMF) HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

SECTION B

QUESTION 18
2006
a) What were the physical changes which occurred in early human beings as they evolved from
apelike creature to modern people? (5mks) b)
Describe the way of life of early Human beings during the old stone age period (10mks)

2007
a) State three ways in which people in developing countries are affected by food shortages
(3mks) b)
What are the disadvantages of using air transport? (12mks)

2008
a) Give three ways in which the invention of the wheel revolutionized transport in Europe before the
19th century (3mks) b) What are the disadvantages of using air transport
(12mks)

2009
a) Give three stages in the evolution of man before Homo erectus (3mks)
b) Describe six ways in which the discovery of fire by early man improved his way of life
(12mks)
2010
a) State five reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals during the neolithic period
(5mks) b)
Explain five causes of food shortages in Africa today (10mks)

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2011
a) Give three physical characters of the Homo erectus (3mks)
b) Explain six cultural practices of Homo sapiens during the New stone Age (12mks)

2012
a) State three disadvantages of hunting as an economic activity of the early man (3mks)
b) Explain six benefits of settling in villages during the late stone age period (12mks)
2013
a) Give five reasons why hunting of wild animals was mainly a group activity during the stone age
period (5mks)
b) Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s
way of life? (10mks)
2014
a) State three characteristics of microlithic tools used during the late stone Age period
(3mks)
b) Explain six challenges faced by early humans in hunting and gathering activities (12mks)

2015
a) State five stages of evolution of man (5mks)
b) Describe the way of life of human beings during the late stone Age period (10mks)

2016
a) Give three disadvantages of hunting as an economic activity by early human beings
(3mks)
b) Describe six results of iron working technology on African communities before the 19th century
(12mks)

2017
a) Give five uses of stone tools by the early man (3mks)
b) Explain five reason why Africa is regarded as the original homeland of mankind (10mks)

2018
a) Highlight five changes which marked the Agrarian Revolution in Britain (5mks)
b) Discuss five effects of the Agrarian Revolution in the United States of America (10mks)
2019
a) State five effects of early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (5mks)
b) Explain five solutions of food shortage in the African countries. (10mks)
2020
a) Five social factors which led to Europeans scramble for colonies in Africa. (5mks)
b) Five reasons why nationalism grew in Mozambique. (10mks)
2021
a) State five factors which contributed to the development of agriculture in ancient Egypt.
(5mks)

(14mks)

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b) Explain five effects of Agrarian Revolution in Britain (10mks)

2022
a) Identify five forms of written sources of information on History and Government.
(5mks)

b) Explain five disadvantages of electronic sources of information on History and Government

(10mks)

QUESTION 19
2006
a) Give three factors which should be considered when sending a message (3mks)
b) Explain the effects of telecommunication on modern society

2007
a) Identify the three types of trade (3mks)
b) Describe the organization of the trans-Saharan trade (12mks)

2008
a) Give three methods used to acquire slaves from West Africa during trans-Atlantic trade
(3mks)
b) Explain six factors that led to the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade (12mks)

2009
a) Identify three ways in which water was used in Industries during the 18th century (3mks)
b) Explain six social effects of the Industrial revolution in Europe during the 18th century
(12mks)
2010
a) Give three problems faced by factory workers in Europe during the Industrial revolution
(3mks)
b) Explain six factors that have promoted Industrialization in South Africa (12mks)

2011
a) States three disadvantages of coal as a source of energy (3mks)
b) Explain six effects of the scientific inventions on Industry (12mks)

2012
a) Give three uses of wind as a source of energy in the ancient times (3mks)
b) Explain six effects of Iron working technology on African communities before the 19th century
(12mks)

2013
a) Identify five uses of coal during the Industrial revolution in Europe (5mks)

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 b) Explain five effects scientific inventions on medicine (10mks)

2014
a) Give three uses of electricity in Europe during the 19th century (3mks)
b) Explain six factors which promoted Industrial development in India (12mks)

2015
a) State five advantages of using barter trade during the Trans-Saharan trade (5mks)
b) Describe the organization of the trans-Saharan trade (10mks)

2016
a) Outline three challenges faced by factory workers in Europe during the Industrial revolution
(3mks) b)
Describe six factors that have encouraged Industrialization in South Africa (12mks)
2017
a) Give five traditional forms of communication (5mks)
b) Discuss five advantages of using the internet as a source of information on History and
Government (10mks)

2018
a) Identify five effects of scientific inventions on medicine (5mks)
b) Describe five factors which have influenced industrialization in India (10mks)
2019
a) Outline three disadvantages of using barter system of trade. (3mks)
b) Discuss six factors for the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade. (12mks)
2020
a) State five characteristics of Industrial Revolution in Europe. (5mks)
b) Five reasons why Britain was the first country in the world to industrialize. (10mks)

2021
a) State five similar effects of early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt (5mks)

b) Discuss five characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in Europe. (10mks)

2022
a) State five uses of domestic animals during the ancient period (5mks)
b) Describe five effects of the early agriculture on people’s way of life (10mks)

QUESTION 20
2006
a) Give three reason why Lobengula was defeated by the British in 1893 (3mks)
b) What were the results of the British Ndebele war of 1893 (12mks)

(14mks)

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2007
a) State three factors that have contributed to the growth of Johannesburg city (3mks)
b) Describe six social problems faced by the residents of Johannesburg since the end of apartheid
(12mks)

2008
a) Identify five causes of the Majimaji rebellion in central Tanganyika between 1905 and 1907
(5mks)
b) Why were the African communities defeated by the Germans during the Majimaji rebellion
(10mks)
2009
a) Identify the three methods used by the French to acquire colonies in West Africa
(3mks)
b) Explain six factors that led to the defeat of Samori Toure by the French (12mks)

2010
a) Give three methods use by the European powers to establish colonial rule in Africa
(3mks) b)
Explain six results of the collaboration between the Baganda and the British during the process of
colonization (12mks)

2011
a) State three factors that contributed to the development of the Trans-Atlantic trade
(3mks)
b) Explain six negative effects on Trans-Atlantic trade on African community

2012
a) State five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th century (5mks)
b) Describe the social organization of the Baganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period
(10mks)
2013
a) Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century (5mks)
b) Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th

century (10mks)

2014
a) Outline three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four communities
in Senegal (3mks) b) Explain six effects of the British direct rule in
Zimbabwe (12mks)

2015
a) Identify five forms of print media used in communication (5mks)

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 b) Explain five positive effects of telecommunication in Society (10mks)

2016
a) Outline five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th century (5mks)
b) Highlight the social organization of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period
(10mks)

2017
a) Outline five methods which were used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa
(5mks)
b) Explain five reason why the Africans were defeated during the Majimaji rebellion
(10mks)
2018
a) State five functions of the Ancient city of Athens (5mks)
b) Describe five challenges experienced in the city of Johannesburg (10mks)
2019
a) Identify three effects of scientific inventions on medicine. (3mks)
b) Explain six challenges which South Africa has faced in the process of Industrialization.
(12mks)
2020
a) Five economic developments which have taken place in the DRC since independence.
(5mks) b) Five
economic challenges faced by Tanzania since independence. (10mks)
2021
a) State five limitations of written records as a source of information in History and Government
(5mks)
b) Explain five results of African collaboration with the European in the late 19 Century
th

(10mks)

2022
a) Highlight five factors which promoted the growth of nationalism in Ghana. (5mks)
b) Explain five methods which were used by African nationalists in the struggle for
independence. (10mks)

QUESTION 21
2006
a) What five reasons encouraged the nationalists in Mozambique to use armed struggle to attain
Independence (5mks)
b) Describe the problems which undermined the activities of the nationalist in Mozambique
(10mks)

2007
a) How did the invention of the steam engine process of colonization in Africa (3mks)
b) Explain six positive effects of European colonization of Africa (12mks)

(14mks)

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2008
a) Give five achievements of the League of Nations between 1919 and 1939 (5mks)
b) Why did the league of Nations fail to maintain World peace (10mks)

2009
a) Give three reason why it took long for Mozambique to achieve Independence (3mks)
b) Explain six factors that favoured the success of FRELIMO nationalists during their struggle for
Independence in Mozambique (12mks)

2010
a) State three ways used by nationalists in Ghana to fight for Independence (3mks)
b) Explain six factors that led to the development of African Nationalism in Ghana
(12mks)
2011
a) State three factors that enabled European power to colonize African in the late 19th century
(3mks) b)
Explain six effects of the partition of Africa on the Africans (12mks)

2012
a) Outline five grievances by Africans against apartheid in South Africa (5mks)
b) Explain five challenges faced by African Nationalists in their struggle for a majority rule in South
Africa (10mks)

2013
a) Identify five contributions made by Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana in promoting Pan-Africanism
(5mks)
b) Describe five factors undermining the activities of the African Union (AU) its formation in 2001
(10mks)

2014
a) State three political causes of instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 1960 and
1965 (3mks)
b) Describe six social developments that have taken place in Tanzania since Independence

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 [DOCUMENT TITLE]

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KCSE 2024 FINAL PREDICTIONS FOR TITLE]
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a) b)
2015
State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana (5mks)
Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the liberation of the
Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle of independence in Mozambique (10mks)
2016
a) Give five reasons that encouraged nationalism in Mozambique to use armed struggle to attain
Independence (5mks) b) Explain the challenges faced by the Nationalists in
Mozambique (10mks)

2017
a) State five roles which were played by Kwame Nkrumah during the struggle for Independence in
Ghana (5mks)
b) Explain five factors which were responsible for the growth of African nationalism in South Africa
(10mks)

2018
a) State five factors which influenced the British to use indirect rule in Northern Nigeria
(5mks)
b) Explain five challenges which were experienced in the implementation of assimilation policy in
Senegal (10mks)
2019
a) State three terms of the Berlin conference. (3mks)
b) Discuss six reasons for the defeat of Samori Toure by the British. (12mks)
2020
a) Five European powers which colonized Africa. (5mks)
b) Five results of the Mandinka resistance against French invasion in the 19 century.
th

(10mks)
2021
a) Identify five senior positions in the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period
(5mks)

b) Discuss five political challenges experienced by the nationalists during the liberation struggle
in Mozambique (10mks)

2022

a) Give five disadvantages of using animal transport (5mks)

b) Explain five ways in which television is important as a means of communication

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 a) b)
(10mks)

SECTION C QUESTION 22
2006
a) Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante Kingdom during the
eighteenth century (3mks)
b) Describe the social organization of Asante Kingdom in the eighteen century (12mks)
2007
a) Identify three terms of the treaty of Versailles of 1919 (3mks)
b) Give six reasons why the central powers were defeated in first world war (12mks)
2008
Give five reason why the British used indirect rule to administer Northern Nigeria (5mks)
Explain five effects of the use of indirect rule by the British in Northern Nigeria (10mks)
2009
a) List three European countries that formed the triple alliance before the outbreak of the first world
was (3mks)
b) Describe six functions of the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) (12mks)

2010
a) Give three conditions which one had to fulfill in order to become a French citizen in Senegal
(3mks)
b) Explain six differences between the use of British indirect rule and the French Assimilation
policy (12mks)
2011
a) Give three functions of the Kabaka of Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period
(3mks)
b) Describe the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period (12mks)
2012
a) Name three communes which were established by the French in Senegal during the colonial
period (3mks)
b) Describe the structure of the British colonial administration in Northern Nigeria (12mks)
2013
a) State three similarities between the French and the British structure of administration in Africa
during colonial period (3mks)
b) Explain six problems experienced by the French administration in Senegal (12mks)
2014
a) Identify five main organs of the United Nations (5mks)
b) Explain five ways through which the United Nations promotes peace in the world (10mks)
2015
a) Give three functions of the Lukiiko in kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period
(3mks)
b) Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante empire by the 19 century
th
(12mks)

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 [DOCUMENT TITLE]

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a) b)
2016
a) Outline five aims of the organization of African Unity (OAU) (5mks)
b) Discuss the difference between the organization of African Unity (OAU) and the African Union
(AU) (10mks)
2017
a) Identify three political causes of the First World War (3mks)
b) Explain six effect of the Second World War (12mks)
2018
a) State three external factors which speeded up the growth of African Nationalism during the
struggle for independence (3mks)
b) Explain six challenges which were faced by the nationalists in South African during the apartheid
rule (12mks)

2019
a) Identify the three countries that formed Triple Alliance before the outbreak of the First World
War. (3mks)
b) Explain why the Allied powers were able to defeat the Central powers during the First World
War. (12mks)
2020
State three functions of the legislature in India. (3mks) Six advantages
of the federal government of the United States of America (USA).
(12mks)
2021
a) Highlight three causes of the Second World War (3mks)

b) Explain six achievements of the Pan African Movement (12mks)

2022
a) Identify three political parties in India (3mks)
b) Discuss six functions of the President of India (12mks)

QUESTION 23
2006
a)Give three categories of the Prime Minister in Britain (3mks)
b)What are the duties of the prime ministries in Britain (12mks) 2007

a) Give three political changes introduce by Mobutu Seseseko (3mks)

b) Explain the economic problems faced by the democratic republic of Congo since independence
(12mks)

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 a) b)

2008
a) State five aims of the organization of African Unity (5mks)
b) Explain five differences between the organization of African Unity and the African Union
(10mks)
2009
a) State five characteristics of the common wealth member of states (5mks)
b) Explain five challenges facing commonwealth (12mks)
2010
a) State the role played by the United States of America in ending the second world war
(3mks) b)
Explain six causes of the cold war after 1945 (12mks)
2011
a) Identify five ways through which the United Nations (UN) promotes good governance in the
world (5mks)
b) Explain five achievement of the Non-Aligned movement (NAM) since its formation
(10mks)
2012
a) State three permanent members of the United Nations security council (3mks)
b) Explain six way in which the United Nations provide humanitarian assistance (12mks)

2013
a) State three ways in which the Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
promoted the education of African after independence (3mks)
b) Explain six political challenges faced by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the
reign of Mobutu Seseseko (12mks)
2014
a) State five functions of the commission of the African Union (5mks)

11
 b) Discuss five achievement of the Pan-African Movement (10mks)
2015
a) Give three reasons why the united states of America did not join the first world war until 1917
(3mks) b)
Explain six effects of the first world war (12mks)
2016
a) Highlight the role played by the United states of American (USA) in ending the second world war
(3mks) b)
Describe six causes of the cold war after 1945 (12mks)
2017
a) State three ways in which the government of Tanzania nationalized resources following the
Arusha Declaration (3mks)
b) Discuss six political challenges which were experience in the Democratic Republic of Congo at
Independence (12mks)

2018
a) State three ways in which terrorism is a threat to international peace (3mks)
b) Describe six achievements of the Non-Aligned Movement since its information (12mks)

2019
a) State five objectives of the African Union. (5mks)
b) Explain five challenges facing the East African Community (EAC) 2001. (10mks)

2020
a) Three challenges faced by the Pan African movement. (3mks)
b) Six achievements of the East African community, 2001. (12mks)

2021
a) State three aims of the Non-Aligned Movement (3mks)
b) Explain the main role in each of the following specialized agencies of the United Nations

i. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2mks)

ii. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2mks) iii. United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
(2mks)
iv. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2mks)
v. The United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) (2mks)
vi. United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) (2mks)

2022
a) Identify three categories of persons who are not allowed to contest for a parliamentary seat in
Britain (3mks)
b) Explain six functions of the Congress in the United States of America (USA). (12mks)
QUESTION 24
2006
a) Give three organs of Economic community of West African state (ECOWAS) (3mks)

12
 b) Give three organs of the economic community of West African state (ECOWAS) since its
formation (12mks)
2007
a) Give three requirement for one to be allowed to contest as a presidential candidates in the United
states of America (3mks)
b) What are the functions of the United States congress (12mks)
2008
a) Give three conditions that one should fulfill in order to be elected president of India
(3mks) b)
Write down six functions of the president of India (12mks)
2009
a) State three ways in which a person can become a member of parliament of Britain (3mks)
b) Describe six duties of the Monarch in Britain (12mks)

2010
a) Identify three duties performed by the secretary-General of the new East African community
established in 2001 (3mks)
b) Explain six benefits of the new East African community established in 2001 (12mks)
2011
a) State three objectives for the formation of common market for Eastern and Southern Africa
(COMESA) (3mks)
b) Explain six challenges facing the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa
(12mks)
2012
a) Identify three categories of members of the executive in the United states of America
(3mks)
b) Describe six functions of the federal Government of the United States of America
(12mks)
2013
a) Identify three circumstances that may make the vice presidency in India (3mks)
b) Explain six functions of the president in India (12mks)

2014
a) Give five responsibilities of the state government in the United States of America
(5mks) b)
Explain five functions of the cabinet in India (10mks)
2015
a) State three common characteristics of the Commonwealth member states (3mks)
b) Describe six achievement of the commonwealth since its formation (12mks)
2016
a) State three requirements one has to fulfill in order to contest as a presidential candidate in the
United states of America (USA) (3mks)
b) Explain the function of the United states congress (12mks)
2017
a) State three ways in which the Monarch is important in Britain (3mks)
13
 b) Explain six responsibilities of the state government in the United states of America
(12mks)
2018
a) Identify three types of federal courts in the United states of America (3mks)
b) Explain six responsibilities of the Federal Government of the United States of America
(12mks)
2019
a) Identify five ways through which the supremacy of parliament may be limited in Britain.
(5mks)
b) Discuss five functions of the Federal Government in the United States of America.
(10mks)
2020
a) Three achievements of the United Nations. (3mks)
b) Six challenges which are faced by the United Nations in its effort to maintain world peace.
(12mks)
2021
a) Identify the three arms of government in India (3mks)

b) Explain six ways through which the powers of the President of the United States of America (USA) are
checked (12mks)
2022
a) Give three characteristics of human rights (3mks)
b) Discuss six reasons why the United Nations Charters on Human Rights is important
(12mks)

Compiled and prepared by E.O. Ogada, PhD Alliance High School 0711
786 474

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