Miss Buzzard’s Chemistry Revision Book

Name………………………………………………………………….

Set……………………………………………………………………

6/01/14 Fundamental Ideas 1

13/01/14 Fundamental Ideas 2
20/01/14 Bonding and Structure
27/01/14 Air and Water
3/02/14 Periodic Table
10/02/14 Acids, Bases and Salts
17/02/14 HALF TERM – complete exam paper
24/02/14 MOCK – Foundation/Higher entry deadline
3/03/14 Metals
10/03/14 Rates
17/03/14 Crude Oil
24/03/14 Other substances from crude oil
31/03/14 EASTER – complete exam papers

EXTRA SESSIONS AVAILABLE FOR FREE!

Monday 14th April
Tuesday 15th April
Wednesday 16th April

No more than 4 in a group, 2 hour sessions. See

me if interested.
21/04/14 Energy
28/04/14 Electrolysis
5/05/14 Analysis

AQA paper 1 – Thursday 15th May (morning)

AQA paper 2 – Tuesday 10th June (afternoon)

Fern Britnell, Bloxham School Page 1

Topic One

1. Fundamental Ideas

Sketch a model of an atom.

Give 3 details about the nucleus and 3 details about the electrons.

What do the mass number and atomic number represent?

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Explain the difference between an element and a compound and

give an example of each.

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What is an isotope?

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Draw the atomic structure of C12 and C14. Include the number of p,
n, e in each.

Carbon-12 Carbon-14

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Explain how you would use the atomic number of an element to
work out its electron configuration

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Draw the electron configuration of the following elements

Hydrogen Carbon Chlorine Sulfur

EC= EC= EC= EC=

Balance these equations:

a H2(g) + Br2(l)   HBr(g)
b CaCO3(s) + HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
c Na(s) + O2 (g)  Na2O(s)
d N2(g) + H2(g)  NH3(g)
d C3H8(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(l)

What ION would the following elements form:

Eg Ca  Ca2+

 Al 
 Br 
 O
 K
 Be 

Some ions, you just have to learn:

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Eg sulphate  SO42-

 Hydroxide 
 Nitrate 
 Carbonate 
 Hydrogen 

Work out the formula of these compounds:

Eg sodium oxide  Na+ and O2-  Na2O

Potassium bromide

Sodium oxide

Magnesium chloride

Iron (III) fluoride

Calcium nitrate

Iron(III) sulphate

Calculations

Define relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass

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Find the Ar or Mr for these

Calcium

Silver

Gold

Carbon dioxide

Calcium Carbonate

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Zinc Oxide

Potassium Hydroxide

Calculate the percentage mass of carbon in:

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

What is a mole?

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How many grams would the following weigh:

a) 1 mole of carbon

b) 1 mole of H2O

c) 10 moles of H2

d) 2 moles of NaCl

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 e) 0.5 moles of CO2

f) 4 moles of MgCl2

How many moles are in the following:

a) 35.5g Cl

b) 40g NaOH

c) 29 g Mg(OH)2

d) 116g Mg(OH)2

e) 49g H2SO4

f) 300g CaCO3

Much more difficult reacting mass calculations – only attempt if

feeling especially clever.

Example 1 – reactant mass

When 12 g of carbon is burned in air, 44 g of carbon dioxide is produced. What
mass of carbon is needed to produce 11 g of carbon dioxide?

 If 12 g of carbon makes 44 g of carbon dioxide...

 12 ÷ 44 g of carbon will make 1 g of carbon dioxide...
 So you will need 11 × 12 ÷ 44 g = 3 g of carbon to make 11 g of
carbon dioxide.

Example 2 – product mass

When 5.0 g of calcium carbonate is decomposed by heating, it produces 2.2 g of
carbon dioxide. What mass of calcium carbonate is needed to produce 8.8 g of
carbon dioxide?

 If 5 g of calcium carbonate makes 2.2 g of carbon dioxide...

 5 ÷ 2.2 g of calcium carbonate will make 1 g of carbon dioxide...
 So you will need 8.8 × 5 ÷ 2.2 g = 20 g of carbon to make 8.8 g of
carbon dioxide.

1.
Calculate the relative formula mass of carbon dioxide, CO 2. (C = 12,
O = 16)
Fern Britnell, Bloxham School Page 6
 44
40
28
2.
Calculate the relative formula mass of magnesium hydroxide,
Mg(OH)2. (Mg = 24, O = 16, H = 1)
41
58
65
3.
What is the maximum total mass of product from 52 g of reactants?
5.2 g
52 g
104 g
4.
What mass of oxygen is needed to make 8.0 g of magnesium oxide
from 4.8 g of magnesium?
12.8 g
4.2 g
3.2 g
5.
10.0 g of calcium carbonate decomposes to form carbon dioxide and
5.6 g of calcium oxide.
4.4 g of carbon dioxide is formed
5.6 g of carbon dioxide is formed
15.6 g of carbon dioxide is formed
6.
2.3 g of sodium produces 0.1 g of hydrogen when it reacts with
water.
4.6 g of sodium will produce 2.0 g of hydrogen
46 g of sodium will produce 0.2 g of hydrogen
46 g of sodium will produce 2.0 g of hydrogen
7.
36 g of water is made from 4 g of hydrogen. How much water will 1
g of hydrogen make?
9g
37 g
40 g

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Fern Britnell, Bloxham School Page 8
2 – BONDING AND STRUCTURE

Define ionic bonding

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List the main properties of ionic compounds

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Show the ionic bonding between the following elements. Include +

and – as well as the compound’s formula and the charge of each
element in the ionic compound. Use dot cross diagrams, and square
brackets to show charge.

Magnesium and Oxygen Calcium and Chlorine

Describe the process of covalent bonding

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Show (using dot cross diagrams), the covalent bonding in the
following molecules

Methane (CH4) Water (H2O)

What are the properties of simple covalent substances such as

chlorine, oxygen and water?

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What are the three giant covalent structures and what are their
properties? Draw a sketch of each.

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 PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

List three properties of metals and explain how metallic bonding

causes these properties

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What are nanoparticles? Describe two different applications of

nanoparticles.

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Now complete the summary grid:

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Fern Britnell, Bloxham School Page 12
3 - Air and water

Name the 3 main gases that make up air.

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By what process can nitrogen and oxygen be obtained from the air?

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Name 3 pollutants and give one effect of each.

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Complete using the words acidic and basic:

Non metal oxides form …………………………………… solutions. Metal

oxides form

………………………………….. solutions.

Why is chlorine bubbled through drinking water?

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Why is fluorine sometimes added to drinking water?

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What is hard water and what are the advantages and disadvantages
of water being hard?

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What is rust and how can it be prevented?

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In each of the examples, say whether the underlined

element has been oxidised or reduced:

a) Sulphur + oxygen  sulphur dioxide

………………………………………….

b) Magnesium + carbon dioxide  magnesium oxide + carbon

………………………………………….

c) Iron + copper oxide  iron oxide + copper

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d) NO2 + SO2  NO + SO3

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 ………………………………………….

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4 - Periodic Table

How is the periodic table arranged?

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What do elements in the same group have in common?

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Why do Group 0 elements rarely react?

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Which element in group 1 is the most reactive and why?

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Complete this equation:

……Na + ……..H2O  ………………… + ………………..

Complete this equation:

F2 + ………K  ……………………..

Which element in group 7 is most reactive and why?

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What are group 1 elements called?

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What are group 7 elements called?

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Why are group 7 elements diatomic?

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What charge do ions form from group 1?

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.

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What charge do ions form from group 6?

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.

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5 – Acids, bases and salts

Draw the pH scale in the space below from 0 to 14. Add the
following labels. Colour it in!
Neutral, Weak Acid, Strong Acid, Weak Alkali, Strong Alkali.

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What ions are always present in acids, and which in alkalis?

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What is neutralisation? Write down the general equation for

neutralisation plus the general equation in terms of ions.

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Give three real life examples of neutralisation reactions.

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What is the general equation for reacting an acid with a metal?

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Complete the word equations. Can you write a symbol equation?

Hydrochloric acid + magnesium 

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Hydrochloric acid + iron

Sulfuric acid + zinc

Give two examples of bases

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What do we call bases that dissolve in water?

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What is the general equation for reacting a metal oxide or metal

hydroxide with an acid and what is it an example of?

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Complete and balance…

Hydrochloric acid + Copper oxide 

Sulfuric acid + magnesium oxide 

Nitric acid + potassium hydroxide 

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What is the general equation for reacting an acid with a metal
carbonate?

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Complete and balance:

Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate 

Sulphuric acid + lithium carbonate 

Explain how you would make a soluble salt from an insoluble base

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Explain as fully as you can how you would make an insoluble salt in
a precipitation reaction.

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Summary – complete:

Acid + oxide 

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Acid + hydroxide 

Acid + metal 

Acid + carbonate 

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6 - Metals – do you know the reactivity series off by heart??

Please Stop Calling My Aunt Zelda In Leeds ‘Cos She’s Gone Potty

How are very reactive metals extracted from their ore’s?

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How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their
ore’s?

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What is a blast furnace used for? What are the raw materials that go
into the blast furnace?

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What are phytomining and bioleaching? What are the advantages

and disadvantages of this method of copper extraction?

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Why should we recycle metals?

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What is an alloy? Draw a diagram to show why alloys are often

stronger.

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What is a shape memory alloy? Suggest a use for this.

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Where are the transition metals on the periodic table?

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What is the difference between low carbon steel, high carbon steel
and stainless steel?

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Why is copper used to make electrical wires?

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Will there be a reaction or not? Complete the word

equations. Use the reactivity series (by now, you should
know it off by heart).

a) Zinc oxide + calcium 

b) Magnesium + iron oxide 
c) Zinc + tin oxide 
d) Magnesium sulphate + Zinc 
e) Calcium + copper oxide 
f) Magnesium + iron sulphate 
g) Tin oxide + Copper 
h) Gold + copper oxide 

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7 - Rates of Reaction

List all the things that can make a reaction speed up. Say how each
one does this:

1. Temperature…………………………………………………………………
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4. …………………………………………………………………………………
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5. …………………………………………………………………………………
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6………………………………………………………………………………………
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How could you measure the rate of a reaction experimentally?

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What is collision theory?

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What is activation energy?

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What is the definition of a catalyst?

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a catalyst?

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8. Crude oil and fuels

What is the name of the process of separating crude oil into useful
compounds?

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How does this process work – bullet point the steps involved. It
might help to draw a diagram:

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What is a hydrocarbon?

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Draw methane, ethane, propane and butane (MONKEYS EAT

PEELED BANANAS). Write the chemical formula of each –
remember to write C first.

Which of these has the highest boiling point?

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Which of these is the most viscous (thick)?

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Which is the most flammable?

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What environmental problem is caused by the release of sulphur
dioxide?

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What environmental problem is caused by the release of carbon

dioxide?

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What 2 products are always produced during combustion reactions

(burning)?

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Complete this equation, and balance:

…………C2H4 + ……………O2 ……………………………… +

…………………………

What is the advantage of using hydrogen as a fuel?

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Can you think of any other alternatives to crude oil?

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What does cracking mean, and what 2 conditions are required?

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9. Other substances from crude oil

Draw ethane, propene and butane, and write their chemical formula:

Why does methENE not exist?

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How can we test for an alkene?

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What do the words saturated and unsaturated mean? Do they apply

to alkanes or alkenes? LOOK UP DEFINITIONS!

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What can alkenes be used to make?

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Draw an equation to show what happens when ethene becomes

poly(ethene).

What is the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting

polymers?

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Why are chemists looking for alternatives to plastics?

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What are the 2 ways of producing ethanol to use as a biofuel? What

are the advantages and disadvantages of both?

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10. Energy changes

What happens to the temperature in an exothermic reaction?

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What happens in terms of the energy change in an exothermic

reaction?
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Give an example of an exothermic and endothermic reaction?

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What is activation energy?

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How does a catalyst affect activation energy?

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11. Electrolysis

What is electrolysis?

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What is the positive electrode called? (THINK PANIC)

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What is the negative electrode called?

…………………………………………

Gaining electrons is an example of (THINK OILRIG)

……………………………………

Losing electrons is an example of

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Why must the electrolyte always be molten or dissolved in water?

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What is added to aluminium oxide to make it become molten more

easily?

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Complete using the words cathode/anode and gain/lose:

Metals always go to the ……………………………. and

………………………………. electrons.

Non metals always go to the ………………………………. and

…………………..electrons

Show a diagram for the electrolysis of MOLTEN copper chloride.

Include the products that are formed at the electrodes and the HALF
EQUATIONS.

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Show a diagram for the electrolysis of MOLTEN aluminium oxide.
Include the products that are formed at the electrodes and the HALF
EQUATIONS.

Show a diagram for the electrolysis of AQUEOUS Sodium Chloride

(Brine). Include the products that are formed at the electrodes, what
is left in solution and the HALF EQUATIONS.

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List some of the useful products from the electrolysis of brine and
what they are used for.

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Show a diagram for the purification of copper. Use HALF

EQUATIONS.

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What is electroplating?

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…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

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12. Analysis

What is the chemical test (and result) for each of these

substances:

Water…………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………

Carbon dioxide
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………

Oxygen………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………

Hydrogen……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………

What is the name of the chemical test used to separate coloured

dyes?

…………………………………………………………………….

Draw a labelled diagram to show how this test is carried out:

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Define compound and mixture

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

How could you separate a mixture – list as many ways as you can.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………

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Complete the summary table:

Use the table to complete:

1. No precipitate (ppt) with sodium hydroxide. Yellow flame

test. White ppt with barium chloride.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

2. Blue precipitate with sodium hydroxide. Cream ppt with silver

nitrate
Positive ion: Negative ion:

3. Brown ppt with sodium hydroxide and crem precipitate with

silver nitrate.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

4. White ppt with sodium hydroxide (does not dissolve in

excess), brick red flame test and white ppt with silver nitrate.

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Positive ion: Negative ion:

5. Bright red (crimson) flame test, yellow ppt with silver nitrate.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

6. Green ppt with sodium hydroxide, fizzes with acid producing

a gas which turns lime water milky.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

7. No flame colour, white ppt with sodium hydroxide which

dissolves in excess, yellow ppt with silver nitrate.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

8. Lilac flame colour, no precipitate with sodium hydroxide, white

ppt with barium nitrate.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

9. Apple green flame test and fizzes with acid producing a gas
which turns lime water milky.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

10. No flame colour, white precipitate with sodium

hydroxide which does not dissolve in excess.
White ppt with silver nitrate.
Positive ion: Negative ion:

YOU ARE NOW A CHEMISTRY HERO!

Well done! Hand your booklet into Mrs B for checking.

USE THIS TO REVISE.

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