817476512.doc.

 The unit's contents :

I)-Discovering 
language.
A) Grammar:
 The present simple passive.
 The past simple passive.
 The future simple passive.
 The present perfect simple passive.
 The passive with modals; must, can, may and should.
B) Pronunciation:
 Intonation (listing).
 Strong and weak forms of auxiliaries was and were in the
passive.
 Pronunciation of must, can, and should in the passive.
 Problem consonant and vowels.
C) Vocabulary:
 Strategies for consulting monolingual dictionary.
 Study of a dictionary entry.

II)-Developing skills.
A) Functions:
 Narrating.
 Describing a process.
 Promising.
 Asking for and giving information.
 Reporting.
B) Skills:
 Paragraph organization.
 Reading for general ideas.
 Reading for specific information.
 Listening for specific information.
 Writing a press release.
 Making an oral and written presentation of a product.
 817476512.doc.

Second years

 The project outlines. (page:58)

Project outcome

Making a conservation plan.

Further information is included on page 72

 Think it over. (page:59)

 Words to Say. (page:59)
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Second years

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via realizing the secondary objectives that each
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rubric and/or activity throughout the unitunit
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represents.
 817476512.doc

III) -Table of selected activities.

Rubrics Activities' Competences

Pages Interacting Interpreting Producing
number orally O&W msgs O & W msgs
-Before you read. 60  
Discovering language -As you read. 60  
-Grammar desk. 61   
-Activity one. 62  
Practice -Activity two. 62  
-Activity three. 62 
-Activity one. 64  
Say it loud and clear -Activity two. 64   
- Activity three. 64   
Working with words - The whole task. 65  
- Activity one. 66  
Listening and speaking - Activity two. 66 
- Activity three. 66  
Your turn - Activity one. 67 
Write it up - The whole task. 68 
 - Activity one. 69  
- Activity two. 69  
Reading and writing - Activity three. 70  
-Activity four. 70  
-Activity five. 70  
Write it out -Activity one. 71  
-Activity two. 71 
 Preview. (Page: 59)
The teacher and students discuss the contents of the new unit, including
the new unit project theme, and how it could be realized.
 Think it over. (Page: 60)
Students and the teacher discuss the pictures (different Algerian stamps
and their contents; plants, animals and birds).The different occasions about
which these stamps were issued, etc.
 Aims:
1) - To familiarize pupils with the thoughts of the unit.
2) - To introduce the unit implicitly.
 Words to say.
An oral teacher-centered reading of the words, giving students a chance
to repeat the pronunciation. The teacher, therefore, should read slowly ,
applying stress patterns and the right intonation. I recommend some
individual readings.
 Aim:
1) The correct reading of the words by pupils.
2) Recognizing some of the keywords used in unit three.

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 Second Years

DISCOVERING LANGUAGE
DISCOVERING LANGUAGE

 Pre-reading. (page:60)
 As you read. (page:60)
 Post reading “Grammar Desk”. page:61)
 Practice. (page:62)
 Write it right. (page:63)
 Say it loud and clear. (page:64)
 Working with words. (page:65)

Unit: Waste not want not Teacher: Menghour Djamila

Sequence: discovering language
Lesson: before/As you read
TIME: 01 Hour
Before you read
- Look at the map page 60 and answer the questions.
Pupils answer each question depending on their geographical culture
and their imagination.
 Answers to pre-reading task :
a) The map represents South America (also called Latin America).
b) The area in green stands for “the Amazon Forest”.
c) The Amazon is located between Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.
d) The climate around the imaginary line, drawn by pupils, has the
characteristics of the equator; rainy, often hot and humid.
 Aims:
1) Motivating the oral and free expression of pupils in a precise context.
2) Acquiring new thoughts as a result of the teacher feedback.
 As you read.
 Activity One: Read the text and check your answers to the previous
questions.
 Aim:
1) Confirming pupils’ answers to the questions.
 Activity two: Read the text page 60 again and answer the following
questions.
 Aims:
1) Looking for specific and accurate details in the text.
2) Providing pupils with the correct strategy to answer (yes/no and WH)
questions.
Pupils may give various answers depending on their understanding of
the text. Pupils’ answers may also include some errors.
 Suggested answers to activity one :
a) There is more than a decade (10 years) of global fossil fuel emissions
of carbon dioxide stored in the trees of the Amazon Forest.
b) The Amazon basin ecosystem has been protected from threats
because of its isolation (being very far).
c) The preservation of the Amazon Forest is one of the world’s greatest
conservation challenges because it is not isolated at present; we can get
there easily and quickly as new roads leading to it are built.
 Post reading.
Look at the computer screen-shaped “grammar desk” activity page 61.
 Activity One: Read sentences (a, b, c and d) and answer the
questions below.
 Aims:
1) To identify the passive sentence and the passive form.
2) To know how and for which purpose the passive sentence is formed
and used.
3) To recognize the linguistic and syntaxes’ difference between the
passive and the active sentences.
4) To learn that the form could be applied to diverse forms and tenses.
 Answers to activity one.
01) Answering the questions:
a) Timber companies fell the trees in sentence (a).
b) The Brazilian government built new road in sentence (b).
i) These sentences are in the passive.
ii) Because the form of the sentence, object +verb (to be/ pp) +agent.
02) The transformation:
a) Timber companies fell 18000 Km2 of forest trees.
b) The Brazilian government built new roads during 1960s and 1970s.
03) The original sentences (in the book) focus on the action itself whereas
the new (written) sentences focus on the doer of the action.
Object + verb [(to be) +pp] + agent Subject + verb + object.
04) The writer gives importance to the action more than the subject; this is
different from the newly written sentences which focus on the subject
not the action.
05) Matching the sentences with their corresponding tenses:
Sentence (1) c) the present simple passive.
Sentence (2) d) the past simple passive.
Sentence (3) a) the future simple passive.
Sentence (4) b) the present perfect passive.
06) No, it is not always necessary to use ‘by’ in the passive sentences.
Because we are supposed to be more interested in the object, not the
subject.
☻ Note for students:
For further information about today’s lesson, see pages 199-200 in the
quick grammar clinic.

 Practice. (page:62)
 Activity One: Read the report below and put the verbs between
brackets in the correct form (simple past passive).
 Aim:
1) To practise the passive form with the past simple tense.
 Answers to activity one:
The Exxon Valdez was wrecked just off the coast of Alaska in 1986.
It was carrying a huge cargo of oil. The oil spilled out, and it was washed
onto the beach by the wind. The water was polluted. The beach was
damaged. The fishing industry was ruined. Hotels and restaurants were
closed.
 Activity two: Read the text and answer the following questions.
Turn the verbs ……..was – were pronounced.
 Aims of activity two:
1) To reinforce more practice of the passive voice with the past tense.
2) To distinguish between the auxiliaries ‘was/were’ and their use.
3) To pronounce ‘was/ were’ correctly in a passive oral-read sentence.
 Answers to acclivity two.
 Speaker A: What happened to the Exxon Valdez?
 Speaker B: It was wrecked off the coast of California and the oil
spilled out.
 Speaker A: The oil was washed out onto the beach?
 Speaker B: Yes, it was (strong form). It was spread out by the
winds.
 Speaker A: Was the fish poisoned?
Speaker B: Yes, they were (strong form). They suffocated for lack of
oxygen.
 Activity Three: (Pair works). Act out the dialogue above keeping
your books closed. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the auxiliaries
‘was’ and ‘were’.
 Aims of activity three:
1) Motivating students to communicate in English orally within a context.
2) To pronounce the auxiliaries ‘was –were’ correctly.

This activity is performed orally by pupils guided by the teacher.

 Activity Four: Transform the verbs from the active into the passive
using "by”. Make any necessary changes.
  Aims of activity four:
1) To give students additional chances to practise the form with diverse
tenses and forms.
2) Making pupils aware of the use of 'by' when the subject of the active
sentence is definite.
 Answers to activity four.
A. Fumes from automobile exhaust pipes cause air pollution.
A-1. Air pollution is caused by fumes from automobile exhaust
pipes.
B. Water pollution will deplete many water zones of their oxygen
soon.
B-1.Many water zones will be depleted of their oxygen by pollution
soon.
C. The Algerian government will ban cigarette smoking next year.
C-1. Cigarette smoking will be banned by the Algerian
government next year.
D. The Post and Telecommunication Ministry has already issued a
lot of environmental stamps.
D-1. A lot of environmental stamps have already been issued by the
Post and Telecommunication Ministry
E. We haven’t imposed drastic limits on gas emissions and noise
yet.
E-1. No drastic limits have been imposed on gas emissions yet.

 Remark:
Sincethe
Since thepassive
passivevoice
voiceisisaavery
veryimportant
importantform
formtoto
learnand
learn anduse,
use,especially
especiallyfor
forthe
the''Literary
''Literarystreams",
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some
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negative, interrogativeand
andtag
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include sentenceswith
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objects.

 Additional practice. (Literary streams only)

**Unit
UnitThree
Three: : Waste
Wastenot,
not,want
wantnot.
not.
**Level:
Level: Second
SecondYears.
Years.
**Streams:
Streams: Literatures
Literatures&&Philosophy
Philosophyand
andForeign
ForeignLanguages.
Languages.
 Activity One: Re-write the following sentences in the passive
when possible. Justify your answers when it is not possible.
1) She cleans the rooms every week.
2) They produce televisions in Sidi Bel-Abbes.
3) The cat slept in the corridor.
4) Women use wool to make carpets.
5) I have done all the work.
6) Pupils have organized a party.
7) We usually go to school at 08hr.00.
8) Mohamed and his wife had not invited some friends to their party.
9) Did the guests bring all their children?
10) The secretary will type those letters.
11) Helena is going to buy a diamond necklace and an earring tomorrow.
12) What is your name?
13) Experts were performing dangerous experiments.
14) My aunt has been growing beautiful roses in her garden since 1970.
15) Doctors will have discovered a cure for AIDS in 20 years time.
16) Who has been cleaning the kitchen and washing the dishes last night?
17) Do you speak English?
 Activity Two: Complete the second sentences so that they mean
the same as the first ones given. Make any necessary changes.
18) She showed me the photos.
a) I ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The photos …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19) They will offer John a new job.
a) John ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) A new job …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) Meriem is teaching Kaddour an English lesson.
a) An English lesson ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Kaddour ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) Teachers give rewards to the best students.
a) Rewards ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The best students ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5) He sent his family a postcard.

a) The family ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 b) A postcard……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6) She reported all the news to the journalist.
a) The journalist ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) All the news ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7) A friend has lent us some money to buy a new house.
a) We……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Some money ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Activity Three: Re-write the second sentence so that it means the
same as the first one given.
1) We should protect the environment.
a) The environment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) They must vaccinate all the children.
a) All the children …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) She had to borrow the books from a friend.
a) The books ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) Drivers must respect the circulation law.
a) The circulation law …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5) Tomorrow, the parcel will be delivered by the postman.
a) - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………tomorrow.
6) People ought to help the poor.
a) The poor ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7) You must write a letter to your parents.
a) A letter …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Your parents ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8) We should educate children to behave well.
a) Children ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
09) We might make some suggestions.
a) Some suggestions ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10) They could not understand this lesson.
a) This lesson ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11) We must not give medicines to the small children. They may eat them.
a) Medicines …………………………………………………. They ………………………………………………………..
b) The small children …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 Note:
The activities (above) are to be given to pupils as handouts to work
privately
 Aim of activity one, two and three:
1) To transform statements into the passive and/or active in various tenses
and diverse forms.
2) To recognize the different possibilities of transforming passive
sentences with two objects. (A direct and/or indirect objects)
3) Omission of the passive form use (the impossibilities of transformation)

817476512.doc

 Write it right. (page: 63)

 Note:
The “write it right” rubric is not recommended at this stage.

 Say it loud and clear. (Page:64).

 Activity One: Read the text silently as you listen to your teacher and
continue marking the intonation on the words on bold type with the
appropriate arrow ( up or down )
 Aims of activity one:
1) To make students aware of the musicality of spoken English.
2) To practise the rise and fall of intonation while speaking or reading.
 Answers to activity four.
There are five types of alternative energies (down): solar (up), wind
(up), biomass (up), and hydroelectric (down)All of them can be produced
in our country because we have the following natural resources (down):
the wind (up), the sun (up), the mountains (up)…
However, solar energy is by far the most viable (down). It is cheaper
(up), safer (up) and less polluting (down).SONELGAZ has already built
power plants in Biskra (up), Djelfa (up), Hassi Rmel (up) and other
localities in the South of Algeria (down).
 Activity Two: Consider the consonants and vowel sounds in the
boxes and answer the following questions. (Class work)
 Note:
This activity could be confusing to many students due to the ‘very’
possible diversity of students’ linguistic backgrounds (different varieties
and locally spoken dialects of a language). The Arabic language is,
therefore, the language in question.
 Aims of activity two:
1) To compare English sounds to Arabic ones.
2) To recognize “problem sounds" and find remedies for them.
 Answers to acclivity two.
Students’ responses to these questions may vary, depending on each
student‘s sociolinguistic backgrounds.
 Example: Some students often have problems articulating the
sounds; / t/, / /, /d /, / / and / /.As they are in Arabic {‫ذ و ج‬,‫د‬,‫ث‬,‫} ت‬.
Generally, the sounds that could be difficult in common and which need
remedial practice are:
- Consonants such as; {/t , d, , /}.
- Vowels such as; {/ , /}.

 Activity Three: The underlined letters in the words below are

mispronounced. Correct the mistakes in the transcription.
 Aims of activity three:
1) To make students pronounce the highlighted words correctly.
2) To enable students transcribe words properly depending on a correct
reading of English words.
 Answers to acclivity two.
a. He put the letter /let / in the mailbox.
b. Thousands of beautiful /bju:tIfl/ trees were burned /b :nd/ down.
c. They were /we / saved /seIvd/.
d. The rivers have been polluted /p lu:tId/.
e. Many bird /b :d/ species are in danger of extinction.
f. The car has been washed /w t/.
 Source: OXFORD Advanced Learners’ Dictionary. Oxford University
Press; Second, Edition 1991.

817476512.doc

 Working with words. (page:65)

 The task: Look up the words entries in a dictionary: Conserve,
sewage, deplete. Then recapitulate the various steps you have gone
through to find meanings of the words.
- Later Read the dictionary entries on page 65 and put the keys in the
right boxes
 Note: The use of An English-English dictionary is very necessary
and strongly recommended in this rubric.
 Aims of the whole task.
1) To make students aware of the fact that dictionaries should be used only
when necessary.
2) To make students learn how to look up a word in a dictionary.
3) To learn how to use an English-English dictionary, or a dictionary with
English entries.
4) To enable students obtain a sufficient knowledge of an English-
dictionary abbreviations.
 Answers to the task:
I) Part one: Finding the words' meaning.
 Conserve – a verb means
 Deplete – a verb that means
 Sewage -
II) Part two:
The strategies for checking difficult vocabulary are as follows:
First, learners sort to a dictionary only once they can’t guess the
meaning of the difficult words from context. For this, they need to identify
the category of the words, see whether there are any synonyms, antonyms,
or paraphrases of these difficult words.
Secondly, they are sure that they can't do otherwise than checking a
dictionary for understanding the meaning of the difficult words that they
have singed out from the text; they will open the dictionary at the page
where the word is listed. In doing so, they will pay attention to the
alphabetical order.

III) Part three:

Most English-English dictionaries like Oxford learners' dictionaries use
slots of abbreviations directly after the words' transcription. Each
abbreviation has a specific meaning to help the user distinguish the part of
speech and correct use of the looked up. Here is a list of the keys for some
of these abbreviations:

Entries Abbreviations Illustration

A /weIst/ pronunciation
B ~ land compound/complex word
C (fig) life, figurative language
D (eg) example
E vt transitive verb
F (sth) something
G (sb) somebody
H (prov) proverb
I [U] uncountable noun
J go/run to ~ colloquial English
K [US], ~ American English
L (colloq) colloquial English
M ~- ful-adj adjective
N ~ - fully/adv adverb

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 Second Years

DEVELOPING SKILLS
DEVELOPING SKILLS

 Listening and speaking. (page:66)

 Your turn. (page:67)
 Write it up. (page:68)
 Reading and writing. (page:69)
 Write it out. (page:69)
 Putting things together. (page:72)
 Where do we go from here? (page:73)
 Exploring matters further. (pages:74-77)
 A world without oil.
 Energy consumption in modern times.
 The conservation of human resources.
 The world water supply.

 Listening and speaking. (page:66)

 Activity One: Look at the picture and complete the blanks in
sentences(a-b-c-d) using the correct form of verbs. (The verbs are given in
a rectangle to the left of the page).
 Aims of activity one:
1) To make students identify and interpret the photosynthesis process.
2) To practise the passive form in a certain context.
 Answers to activity one.
 a)- Carbon dioxide is derived from the air.
b) - water is absorbed from the soil.
c) - Sunlight energy is absorbed by he chlorophyll.
d) - Oxygen is released from plants.
e) - Sugar is produced during photosynthesis.
 Activity Two: Listen to your teacher and check your answers to the
questions in activity one.
Pupils listen to the teacher reading a passage that includes the correct
answers and check their previous answers.

* The listening script is included in the students' book, "Getting

* The listening script is included in the students' book, "Getting
Through", Year two, page181.
Through", Year two, page181.

 Activity Three: Listen again and note how "must be"," can't
be"and"shouldn't be" are pronounced. Cross out the wrong
transcriptions.
 Aims of activity three:
1) To recognize how modals are pronounced in the negative form.
2) To improve students’ pronunciation of specific language forms.
 Answers to activity three.
- Plants must be protected. /m sbI:/.
- They can’t be replaced by man-made converters. /k :mbI:/.
- They shouldn’t be cut down. / mbI:/.

 Your turn (page 67).

 Activity One: Turn the sentences below into the passive. Then read
them aloud paying attention to the pronunciation of the modals.
 Aims of activity one:
1) To recognize and practise the passive with modals.
2) To improve pupils pronouncing capacities by pronouncing the
modals: mustn't, shouldn't, should, can and may correctly.
 Answers to activity one:
 a. We mustn’t hunt animals in danger of extinction.
a/1)- Animals in danger of extinction mustn’t be hunted.
b. We shouldn’t throw recyclable objects.
b/1)- Recyclable objects shouldn’t thrown away.
c. We should stop desertification.
c/1)- Desertification should be stopped.
d. We can divide pollution into four types.
d/1)- Pollution can be divided into four types.
e. We may group alternative energies in five categories: wind, solar,
biomass and hydro-electric.
e/1)- Alternative energies may be grouped in five categories.
f. We must protect our human resources.
f/1)- Human resources must be protected.

The tips in the box are all about how an oral

The tips in the box are all about how an oral
presentation, a report, a speech, etc. is organized. It is
presentation, a report, a speech, etc. is organized. It is
also about the use of discourse connectors; sequencers,
also about the use of discourse connectors; sequencers,
addition, contrast, concluding, etc. The tip box is to be
addition, contrast, concluding, etc. The tip box is to be
dealt with as it aims at making students aware of the
dealt with as it aims at making students aware of the
strategies of making a speech delivery. It also aims at
strategies of making a speech delivery. It also aims at
enabling students acquire some linguistic techniques of
enabling students acquire some linguistic techniques of
an organized speech message(s).
an organized speech message(s).

817476512.doc

 Write it up. (Page: 68).

 The task: Write an oral presentation of the solar house in the
picture on page 68 depending on what you learnt in the previous ‘tip box’.
The teacher explains the task further and the new vocabularies related to
the topic. It is preferred that students work in small groups to make a
report.
 Aims of the task:
1) To acquire new ideas about possible alternative energy sources.
2) To recognize how a solar home is made up.
 3) To explore students’ newly learnt language forms and using them in a
particular context.
 Answers to activity one:
Students’ compositions may vary in shape, contents, length and
clarity. As a motivation for learners' creativity, the best production will be
corrected and written on the chalkboard. Otherwise , the class discusses
and use the following model.

Ladies and gentlemen, this is our new type of solar home.

It is better than other homes because it is environmentally
friendly. It is totally operated by solar energy.
During winter, outside air is captured by warm glass roof
panels. Then, warm air is forced down into a water tank by
an air handling unit.
Next, the water in the tank is heated and greater quantities
of warm water air are released. The hot air is then sent
down a duct to the crawlspace in under-floor area. After
that, warm water rises through floor registers to the living
space. Some of the heated air is absorbed by concrete slabs.
It is released at night. This process is reversed during
summer.

 Reading writing. (page:69)

 Activity One: The pictures on the left illustrate a magazine article.
Look at hem and complete each statement with the right item.(a, b, c or d)
 Aims of activity one:
1) To elicit students’ reactions and responses to the images.
2) To find the correct notes depending on a support materials.
 Answers to activity one:
1) The ear in picture “A” is assaulted by noise.
2) The ear in picture “B” is wearing a hearing aid.
3) The topic of the magazine article will be about "Noise Pollution"
 Activity Two: Read the text and check your answers to questions
(1, 2 and 3).
Instead of individual readings, one pupil reads the text loudly and then
doing the correction collectively on the chalkboard.
 Aims of activity two:
1) To train students on reading while looking for specific information and
notes.
 Activity Three: Read the article on the previous page again and find
the following notes on page 70.
 Answers to activity three:
a. The noun is irritability.
b. The verb is is borne out.
c. The adjective is mental.
 Activity Four: Choose the best title for the article (which could have
included the previous reading passage).Justify your answers.
 Aims of activity three and four:
1) To train students to pick out some certain language items from a
reading passage and to enrich their lexical and grammatical memories.
2) To make students able to read a passage and identify its secondary
and general ideas.
 Answers to activity four:
‘Another kind of pollution’ is the most appropriate answer. Because
pollution can have different forms and in many fields; air, garbage and
even noise contrary to what many people think that pollution affects only
the climate, seas and oceans.

 Tip Box (page: 70).

 Activity Five: Pick out examples from the text on the previous page
to complete the blanks in the ‘tip box’ below.
 Aims of activity five:
1) To improve students’ writing skills by;
i) Learning what a paragraph is.
ii) Learning different types of sentences (the differences of function
not grammar)
iii) Learning how a paragraph is constructed using different sentences.
iv) The independency of each sentence's idea.
 v) Learning how different sentences are joined to organize a well
written paragraph.
 Answers to activity five:
a-A sentence which focuses on the general idea. Topic sentence:
e.g., For a long time, noise has been known to cause sleeplessness
and irritability, and now other studies are linking it to a wide range of
mental and physical disturbances.
b- A sentence which gives details to support/ develop the general idea:
The supporting sentence
e.g., In Los Angeles, researchers have found that people living near
the airport have…
c- A sentence which provides a smooth transition from one idea to
another. The transitional sentence.
e.g., In the opinion of many hearing specialists, time is running out.
d-A sentence which supports the new idea. The new supporting sentence:
e.g., The number of mental diseases will be multiplied by two or three…
e- A sentence which logically concludes the ideas discussed in the
paragraph. The concluding sentence:
e.g., This health alert against……

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 Write it out. (page: 71)

 Activity One: Put the verbs between brackets into the correct form
of the passive.
 Note: A sentence is missing from the students’ book. Student,
therefore, are told about it before carrying out the activity.
 The missing sentence is:
j) At least two great civilizations (establish) there.
 Answers to activity one:
 The transformation of sentences into the passive voice.
 a. Throughout the world, deserts are created because pastures near arid
lands heavily are grazed and trampled.
b. Around towns, adjacent forest belts are denuded by people in their
search for firewood.
c. More productive plants are introduced into semi-arid lands. As a
result, indigenous plants necessary for the maintenance of the soil are
nudged out.
d. Many people think that desertification is caused only by a change in
climate, but the truth is that deserts are provoked by human actions.
e. Because of intensive production of cash crops like cotton and
groundnuts, soil nutrients are dissipated and the topsoil is eroded by
wind and water.
f. A long time ago, history was made in the deserts.
g. Today, about 140 million people are threatened by the spread of the
desert caused through the interaction of climatic fluctuations and man’s
abuse of his environment.
h. Desertification must be stopped now; otherwise deserts will be
transformed into a curse for man soon.
i. These civilizations were built in deserts because people knew how
to live in harmony with nature.
j. At least two great civilizations were established.

 Activity Two. The sentences in activity one are not in the right
order. Re-order them into a coherent newspaper article about
desertification.
 Aims of activity one and two:
1) To give students further opportunities to practise the passive voice with
longer sentences; complex, compound, complex compound sentences, in
different tenses and in a given context.
2) To identify the different types of sentences (seen in the previous tip
box).
3) To know the logical order and organization of the sentences in a
coherent paragraph.
 4) To make students aware of the use of punctuation and capitalization in
written English.
 Answers to activity one:
The paragraph is supposed to have the shape of a leaflet after it is
organized by every student with the teacher's guidance.
The logical order of sentences is:

f + j + i+ g + d + a + c + e + b

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 Where Do We Go From Here? (page:73)

 A self-evaluation sheet.
Students are told and encouraged to check and evaluate their learning
progress and needs. As a result, the teacher can learn more about students’
deficiencies and see what remedial activities should be reinforced.

 Exploring matters further.

(Extra reading and leisure)
 Note:
Students are encouraged to read all the text on pages (74- 75 and 76) at
home. But I recommend some activities about the text on page 77, for its
clarity, shortness and easiness to understand, as homework. The activities
could be printed and given to pupils as handouts to use at home.
 Reading Comprehension.
 The support text: The world’s water supply (page: 77)
- Read the text and then do the following activities.
I) Activity One: According to the text, are these statements “true”,
“false”, or “not mentioned”. Correct the false ones with notes from the
text.
1) 97 % of water on our planet is salt. “false”
2) In the future, there will be more water than it is now.
3) Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
4) 05 % of earth’s water is fresh.
5) Water is used only for washing clothes and bathing.
6) Water isn’t important for life.
 Answers to activity one.
1) 97 % of water on our planet is salt. “true”
2) In the future, there will be more water than it is now. “False”.
- The correction: In the future there will never be more water than it is
now. (§4)
3) Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen atoms. ''not
mentioned''
4) 05 % of earth’s water is fresh. “False”.
- The correction: Only about 03 % of earth’s water is fresh. (§3)
5) Water is used only for washing clothes and bathing. “False”.
- The correction: Water is also used for cooking, bathing, drinking,
transportation and recreation. It is important for human, plants and
animals. (§2).

6) Water isn’t important for life. “False”.

- The correction: Without water, life could not exist. (§1)
II) Activity Two: Read the text again and answer the following
questions.
a) What are the tenses which are largely used in the text? Give
examples.
b) What does the percentage 03 % refer to in the text?
c) Does water have any cycle in nature? Explain.
d) Where are “salt water” and “fresh water” stored in nature?
e) Why is water very important for life?
 Answers to activity two.
Answering the questions according to the text
a) The tense that is largely used in the text is the simple present and the
passive.
Examples:
i) We eat aquatic plants and animals.
ii) We think there is plenty of it ………
b) The percentage 03 % refers to the amount of ‘fresh water’ on earth.
c) Yes it does. It evaporates to the atmosphere and then comes back in a
form of rain and/ or snow. This means that we’re using the same water that
dinosaurs used millions of years ago.
d) “Salt water” is stored in the oceans, and “fresh water” is locked up in
ice caps and glaciers.
e) Water is very important because it is essential for all life, and without
it life could not exist.
 Aims of activity one and two:
1) To look for very specific details in the text.
2) To find out and know the general and secondary ideas of the text.
III) Activity Three: Read the text again and look for the following notes.
A) Find in the text words, phrases or expressions which are closest in
meaning to;
- Very important (§1) = ……………
- Collected and stored (§3) = …………
B) Find in the text words, phrases or expressions which are opposite in
meaning to;
- Not much (§1) = …………………
- Different (§4) = ………….……..

 Answers to activity three.

A) Synonyms;
- Very important (§1) = Essential
- Collected and stored (§3) = Locked up.
B) Opposites;
- Not much (§1) = Plenty.
- Different (§4) = the same.
 Aims:
1) To enrich student’s lexical memory by obtaining new words
and vocabularies.
IV) Activity Four: Syntax
A) - In the text there are (03) three passive sentences. Find them and
write them down.
B) – “We must manage water intelligently and carefully. “
1- Re-write this sentence beginning with:
a- Last year … intelligently and carefully.
b- In the future … intelligently and carefully.
C) – Re-write the sentences (a and b) in the passive voice.
 Answers to activity Four.
A) – The three passive sentences in the text are:
1- Most of the water on earth -97 % - is salt water (which) is stored
in the oceans. (§3)
2- Most of that (water) is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. (§3)
3- The same water is simply recycled over and over again. (§4)
B) – “We must manage water intelligently and carefully. “
a- Last year, water had to be managed intelligently and carefully.
b- In the future, will have to be managed intelligently and carefully
 Aims:
1) To give the student additional chances to consolidate and practise
some of the language points acquired in this didactic unit.

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Work on the project is supposed to begin as the unit itself begins.

However students may not be able to hand it by the end of the unit. After
they are given adequate time to develop it, the teacher schedules a date to
discuss every work, make comments and give the necessary advice.
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Teacher:
Teacher:Mr.Ahmed
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