Tableau Essentials I

APOGEE TRAINING SERIES

8/16/2018
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Your Training Team
Domenick Albanese
[email protected]

Jordan Wilson
[email protected]

Kathleen Callaghan
[email protected]

To learn more about Apogee’s Data

Science & Analysis offerings, check
out our website!
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Housekeeping
1. Please review & acknowledge APOGEE IT Policy and Sign-In
2. Asking a question
3. Restroom locations and access

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Course Outline
1. Welcome to Tableau…………………………………..6 6. Asking Your Data, “Where?”…………………. 98
2. Understanding Data Parts……………............. 21 Exercise 5: Train Path map………………………110
Exercise 1: Simpsons………………………………...25 Exercise 6: Tweet Heat map……………………114
3. Aggregating Your Data…………………………….. 38 7. Dashboards & Stories…………………………….115
4. Data Manipulation………………………………….. 51 8. Visualization Best Practices….……………… 123
Exercise 2: UK Car Accidents……………………. 74 9. Publishing Your Data.…………..……………… 130
5. It’s a Date!................................................... 75 10. Wrap Up………………….…………………………… 132
Quiz 1: Birthdates……………………………………..81 11. Exercise Instructions.…………………………… 133
Quiz 2: Birthdates……………………………………..82
6. Creating the Viz you Want.......................... 83
Quiz 3: Airbnb………………………………………….. 93
Exercise 3: Simpsons………………………………… 94
Exercise 4: Airbnb……………………………………..97

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Topics Covered
• Tableau User Interface • Intermediate Visual Analytics
• Connecting to Data • Sort
• Introduction to Joins • Filter
• Introduction to Unions • Sets
• Data Parts & Concepts • Pages
• Discrete and Continuous • Basic Mapping
• Dimensions and Measures • Point Maps
• Dates • Filled Maps
• Aggregation
• Path Maps
• Intro to Visual Analytics • Heat Maps
• Easy Calculation
• Easy Groups • Basic Graphic Standards
• Easy Hierarchies • Color
• Easy Sort • Data-ink Ratio
• Formatting • Preattentive Properties
• Mark labels and Annotations • Intro to Dashboards & Stories
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Welcome to
• What is Tableau, Data Science & BI?
• Key Features
• Why Tableau?
• User Interface

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What is Tableau, Data Science & BI?
• Tableau is a data visualization software that is used for data
science and business intelligence
• Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific
methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract
knowledge and insights from data in various forms, both
structured and unstructured
• Business intelligence (BI) is a technology-driven process for
analyzing data and presenting actionable information to help
executives, managers and other stake-holders make informed
business decisions

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Tableau is…. Tableau is not….
• a high quality, interactive • a data editor
data visualization tool • a data cleanup/ETL tool
• a self-service analytics tool • a network graphing tool
• read only • a database table creator
• scalable • a word processor
• a data fusion tool • a drawing package
• collaborative

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Key Features Rapid Analytical Workflow
• Does not copy data
– Queries the original data source Data source
– Sends computation to the data provides data Tableau
renders
– Retrieves only the viz data needed to visualization
render
– Never modifies your data Tableau
• Can access many types of data requests
data if
sources needed Analyst
– To a file (Excel, Text, CSV, etc.) views
– To a server (Tableau, Microsoft SQL, etc.) visualization

• Scales to large sizes Analyst

revises
Analyst
• Can query multiple sources worksheet
asks
• Summarizes results for rapid analysis questions

• Publishes the visualization once

– If live, it is always up to date
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Why Tableau?
1. Tableau helps to see and
understand the data
2. Tableau is flexible enough to
suit different needs and
different organizations
3. Tableau makes crafting
narratives easy with
dashboards, stories and visual
analytics
4. You don’t need to do any coding
5. Tableau leverages the power of
the database
6. Tableau has an active
professional network of users
7. Tableau is a leader within BI
visualization
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User Interface

Dimensions

Measures

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User Interface
Column Shelf

Row Shelf

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User Interface
Pages Shelf

Filter Shelf

Marks Cards

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User Interface

Pill

Mark

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Getting started with Tableau
• Airbnb Dataset Demo

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Airbnb: Listings
per neighborhood
• First, connect to the Airbnb Excel
file found in the Datasets folder by
dragging and dropping it into
Tableau

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Airbnb: Listings
per neighborhood
• First, connect to the Airbnb Excel
file found in the Datasets folder by
dragging and dropping it into
Tableau
• Let’s build a simple bar chart that
shows the number of Airbnb
listings per neighborhood in
Amsterdam!
• Simply double click on
neighborhood and number of
records
• Tableau automatically sums the
counts of Airbnb listings by
neighborhood and will format the
data as a bar chart

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Airbnb: Listings
per neighborhood
• Now let’s represent the same
information using a Word
Cloud!
• In a new sheet, drag
neighborhood onto Text in the
marks shelf
• Next, drag number of records
onto Size in the marks shelf
• By default, Tableau creates a
tree map
• To change the mark type,
simply select text in the
dropdown menu on the marks
shelf
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Airbnb: Listings
per neighborhood
• A third way to show the data is
geographically with a map
• In a new sheet, drag longitude
onto columns and latitude
onto rows and Tableau will
automatically generate a map
with a single point
• Drag Room ID onto Detail to
display a point for each listing
• Drag neighborhood onto Color
on the marks shelf to see the
listings by neighborhood

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Airbnb: Let’s put
it all together!
• Now we can create a
dashboard to present our
visualizations in a single view
• First create a new dashboard
by right-clicking on the icon on
the bottom of the user
interface and select new
dashboard
• Then simply drag the sheets
into the view to place them in
the dashboard

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 UNDERSTANDING
DATA PARTS
What pill and where?

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Discrete Variable Continuous Variable
• Represented by blue pills • Represented by green pills
• Data is Discrete if the values are • Data is Continuous if the values can
distinct and separate be any value within a continuous
• Usually categorical, but can be range
numeric or a date • Can only be numeric or a date
• If numerical, can only be whole • Examples:
numbers – Price
– Weight
• Examples:
– Neighborhood
– Underweight/Normal
/Obese classification
– Counts

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Dimension Measure
• Tableau will automatically pick out • Tableau will automatically pick out
fields it classifies as strings & Booleans fields it classifies as quantitative &
and classify them as dimensions numeric and classify them as
• When you click and drag a field from measures
the Dimensions area • When you drag a field from the
to Rows or Columns, Tableau creates
column or row headers Measures area to Rows or Columns,
Tableau creates a continuous axis.
• You can only turn a dimension into a
continuous variable if it’s a date • Can be converted into discrete
• Cannot be aggregated by a function variables
such as sum() or avg() • Can be aggregated or disaggregated

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How To Distinguish Dimensions vs. Measures:
• Measures will have an aggregation function shown before the name
when added to a shelf
– SUM, MIN, MAX, … , AGG
• If there is no aggregation function before the variable name, it’s a
dimension

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Exercise 1 Simpsons Part 1
• Exercise Objectives:
• Understand some of the cues
Tableau provides to help us
understand our variables
• Build intuition on different types of
variables
• Understand how Tableau uses
aggregation on variables

Exercise Materials
Exercise 1 Simpsons-Part 1-Starter.twbx
Exercise 1 Simpsons-Part 1-Solution.twbx

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 Check your
Understanding
• Can a variable be either a dimension
or a measure?

• Can a non-numeric variable be

continuous?

• Can a numeric variable be discrete?

• What color does Tableau use to

identify a Discrete variable?

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Discrete Continuous

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Discrete vs. 5 1

Continuous
• Discrete variables are
displayed as blue pills 4 2

• Continuous variables are

displayed as green pills

• Where can we find them?

1. Column Shelf
3
2. Rows Shelf
3. Marks Card
4. Filters Card
5. Pages Card

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Discrete vs.
Continuous
What happens when a Discrete Field is
added to the columns or rows shelf?
Tableau creates a horizontal or
vertical representation of the
data displayed as a Header!

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Discrete vs.
Continuous
What happens when a Discrete Field is
added to the columns or rows shelf?
Tableau creates a horizontal or
vertical representation of the
data displayed as a Header!
What happens when a Continuous
Field is added to the columns or rows
shelf?
Tableau creates a horizontal or
vertical representation of the
data displayed as an Axis!

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Check your ?
?
Understanding
Q1: What Field Type is on the
Columns shelf?

Q2: What Field Type is on the Rows

shelf?

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Discrete vs. Continuous
• …Throw some Color on It!

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Discrete vs.
Continuous
What happens when a Discrete Field
is added to Color on the Marks shelf?

Tableau creates a categorical palette!

What happens when a Discrete Field is added to the
colors shelf?

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Discrete vs.
Continuous
What happens when a Continuous
Field is added to Color on the Marks
shelf?
Tableau creates a spectrum palette!

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What Pill and Where?
• …with a Heat Map

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Check your
?
Understanding ?

Q1: What kind of field is on the

Columns Shelf?

Q2: What kind of field is on the Rows

Shelf?
?

Q3: What kind of field is on the Color

on the Marks Shelf?

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Let’s Review!
• Choosing dimension or measure
affects how values are calculated
• Choosing discrete or continuous
affects how values are displayed
• Dimensions are usually discrete (blue)
• Measures are usually continuous (green)
• Fields can be treated differently in different
visualizations

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 AGGREGATING
YOUR DATA
Slicing and Dicing your Data

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Aggregation
• Aggregation occurs when values of
multiple rows are combined as the input
to form a single value of more significant
meaning
• Marks summarize the data by aggregating
the data and summarizing the result
• Commonly used aggregate functions:
• SUM
• MIN/MAX
• AVG
• COUNT
• AGG
• In this Airbnb example, Tableau is
aggregating the Price by Neighborhood
using AVG (average)

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Let’s Use Aggregation to Turn This Data Table…

Function Subfunction Year Amount GDP CPI

National Defense-related activities 2013 16,034,000,000 16,202,700,000,000 2.3028
Defense
Energy Emergency energy preparedness 2014 206,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy conservation 2014 1,987,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy information, policy, and 2014 542,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392
regulation
Energy Energy supply 2014 10,640,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392
Health Consumer and occupational 2014 4,746,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392
health and safety
Health Health care services 2014 412,526,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392
Health Health research and training 2014 33,523,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

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 …Into This Summary Table!

Function Year SUM(Amount) MAX(Amount)

Energy 2013 11,042,000,000 9,038,000,000

Health 2013 358,315,000,000 321,849,000,000

Energy 2014 13,375,000,000 10,640,000,000

Health 2014 450,795,000,000 412,526,000,000

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How Does Tableau See Our Data?
• Tableau reads from tables of data
– Each row represents one record
– Each column represents one field
Function Subfunction Year Amount GDP CPI
National Defense-related activities 2013 16,034,000,000 16,202,700,000,000 2.3028
Defense

Energy Emergency energy preparedness 2014 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

206,000,000

Energy Energy conservation 2014 1,987,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy information, policy, and regulation 2014 542,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy supply 2014 10,640,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Health Consumer and occupational health and safety 2014 4,746,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Health Health care services 2014 412,526,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Health Health research and training 2014 33,523,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

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Begin with the Federal Spending dataset
Function Subfunction Year Amount GDP CPI
National Defense-related activities 2013 16,034,000,000 16,202,700,000,000 2.3028
Defense

Energy Emergency energy preparedness 2014 206,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy conservation 2014 1,987,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy information, policy, and 2014 542,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

regulation

Energy Energy supply 2014 10,640,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Health Consumer and occupational health 2014 4,746,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

and safety
Health Health care services 2014 412,526,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392
Health Health research and training 2014 33,523,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

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Filtering Data Rows
Function Subfunction Year Amount GDP CPI
National Defense-related activities 2013 16,034,000,000 16,202,700,000,000 2.3028
Defense

Energy Emergency energy preparedness 2014 206,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy conservation 2014 1,987,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy information, policy, and 2014 542,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

regulation

Energy Energy supply 2014 10,640,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Health Consumer and occupational health 2014 4,746,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

and safety
Health Health care services 2014 412,526,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392
Health Health research and training 2014 33,523,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Database only retains data rows that match the criteria on the filter shelf

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Selecting Columns (Fields)
Function Subfunction Year Amount GDP CPI
Energy Emergency energy preparedness 2014 206,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy conservation 2014 1,987,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Energy Energy information, policy, and 2014 542,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

regulation

Energy Energy supply 2014 10,640,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Health Consumer and occupational health 2014 4,746,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

and safety
Health Health care services 2014 412,526,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392
Health Health research and training 2014 33,523,000,000 17,011,400,000,000 2.3392

Database only retains columns that are used on the visualization

(i.e. fields that appear on a shelf other than the filter shelf)

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The Resulting Data
Function Year Amount
Energy 2013 9,038,000,000
Energy 2013 1,240,000,000
Energy 2013 217,000,000
Energy 2013 547,000,000
Health 2013 321,849,000,000
Health 2013 32,881,000,000
Health 2013 3,585,000,000
Energy 2014 206,000,000

Energy 2014 1,987,000,000

Energy 2014 542,000,000
Energy 2014 10,640,000,000
Health 2014 4,746,000,000
Health 2014 412,526,000,000
Health 2014 33,523,000,000

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Partitioning Function by Year
Function Year Amount Function Year Amount
Energy 2013 Energy 2014 206,000,00
0
9,038,000,000
Energy 2013 Energy 2014 1,987,000,000
Energy 1,240,000,000 Energy
2013 Energy 2013 Energy 2014 542,000,000 2014
217,000,000
Energy 2014 10,640,000,000
Energy 2013
547,000,000

Function Year Amount Function Year Amount

Health 2013 Health 2014 4,746,000,000
Health 321,849,000,000
Health 2013
Health
2013 32,881,000,000 Health 2014 412,526,000,000 2014
Health 2013 Health 2014 33,523,000,000
3,585,000,000

Tableau partitions data rows by dimensions so each partition contains only rows with the same values (members) for each dimension

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Aggregating the Energy Spending

Function Year Amount

Energy 2013
9,038,000,000
Energy 2013 Function Year SUM(Amount) MAX(Amount)
1,240,000,000
Energy 2013 Energy 2013 11,042,000,000 9,038,000,000

217,000,000 Single summary row representing all data rows in the

Energy 2013
547,000,000 Energy 2013 partition

Tableau aggregates the measures within each partition to yield a single row summarizing each partition, using
an aggregation function e.g., SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, COUNT, COUNTD …

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Aggregating the Results

Function Year SUM(Amount) MAX(Amount)

Energy 2013 11,042,000,000 9,038,000,000

Health 2013 358,315,000,000 321,849,000,000

Energy 2014 13,375,000,000 10,640,000,000

Health 2014 450,795,000,000 412,526,000,000

Summary Results Sent to Tableau

One row per partition

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Aggregate Functions and Data Flow

Query
Tableau Select Function, Year, Database
SUM(Amount), Max(Amount)
from …. Group By Function, Year
Construct (optimized) query
Joins, Unions, Filtering,
Aliases, Sorting, Table Selection, Partition,
Calculations, Rendering Query Results Aggregation, most calculations
(Summary Data)

Function Year SUM(Amount) MAX(Amount)

Energy 2013 11,042,000,000 9,038,000,000

Health 2013 358,315,000,000 321,849,000,000
Energy 2014 13,375,000,000 10,640,000,000
Health 2014 450,795,000,000 412,526,000,000

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 DATA MANIPULATION
Federal Spending Dataset

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Concepts
• Join: Joining is a method for combining related data from multiple tables based on a
common field.
• Calculation: A new field (or column) in your data source, the values of which are
determined by a calculation that you control. The new field is saved to
your data source.
• Quick Sort: Tableau can quickly arrange dimensions in your visualization in ascending or
descending order by hovering over the axis and clicking the sort icon.
• Hierarchy: Hierarchies allow us to organize and drill down into our data. Tableau will
automatically create hierarchies. You can drag-and-drop to create custom
hierarchies.
• Group: Use groups to combine dimension members into higher-level categories.
Groups are marked with a paper-clip icon in the Data pane. Groups,
however, are not dynamic.
• Union: Combine two or more tables by appending rows from one table to another. To
union your data in Tableau, the tables must come from the same connection.
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Federal Spending:
Annotating your Viz
• Let’s build and annotate this
graph to emphasize total
spending in the most recent
year.
• First, connect to the Federal
Spending Excel file found in the
Datasets folder by dragging and
dropping it into Tableau
• Navigate to a new sheet and
start by dragging Amount onto
rows and Year onto columns
• Display Amount for the latest
year by right clicking the 2015
mark and create an Annotation
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Federal Spending:
Joining Data
• Now, let’s account for inflation by
navigating to the Data Source Tab
and joining the CPI table
• Notice Tableau Automatically
joined the data by year
• Navigate back to the Spending
Sheet so we can now account for
inflation!
• Where did the annotation go?
• Navigate back to the Data source
tab and change the Join Type to
Left

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Federal Spending:
Joining Data
• Now, let’s account for inflation by
navigating to the Data Source Tab
and joining the CPI table
• Notice Tableau Automatically
joined the data by year
• Navigate back to the Spending
Sheet so we can now account for
inflation!
• Where did the annotation go?
• Navigate back to the Data source
tab and change the Join Type to
Left

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Federal Spending:
Joining Data
• Now, let’s account for inflation by
navigating to the Data Source Tab
and joining the CPI table
• Notice Tableau Automatically
joined the data by year
• Navigate back to the Spending
Sheet so we can now account for
inflation!
• Where did the annotation go?
• Navigate back to the Data source
tab and change the Join Type to
Left

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Federal Spending:
Joining Data
• Now looking at our graph the
Annotation is back! Why?
• Left Join : “Includes all values in
left table and all matches from the
right table. Members without
matches will show up as nulls on
the right.”
• Inner Join: “Includes only values
with matches in both tables”
• It appears as though the CPI table
did not include data for year 2015!

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Federal Spending:
Calculated Fields
• Create this viz to see how inflation
affects Federal Spending
• First, right click the measures pane
and create a calculated field
• Let’s create the calculated field
“Amount In Constant Dollars” to
account for inflation
• Don’t worry too much about this formula, we’re
just becoming familiar with creating/applying
calculations to a viz

• Drag Amount in Constant Dollars

onto the Amount axis to visualize
two Measure Values on a single
graph

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Federal Spending:
Calculated Fields
• Create this viz to see how inflation
affects Federal Spending
• First, right click the measures pane
and create a calculated field
• Let’s create the calculated field
“Amount In Constant Dollars” to
account for inflation
• Don’t worry too much about this formula, we’re
just becoming familiar with creating/applying
calculations to a viz

• Drag Amount in Constant Dollars

onto the Amount axis to visualize
two Measure Values on a single
graph

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Federal Spending:
Calculated Fields
• Create this viz to see how inflation
affects Federal Spending
• First, right click the measures pane
and create a calculated field
• Let’s create the calculated field
“Amount In Constant Dollars” to
account for inflation
• Don’t worry too much about this formula, we’re
just becoming familiar with creating/applying
calculations to a viz

• Drag Amount in Constant Dollars

onto the Amount axis to visualize
two Measure Values on a single
graph

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Federal Spending:
Calculated Fields
• Create this viz to see how inflation
affects Federal Spending
• First, right click the measures pane
and create a calculated field
• Let’s create the calculated field
“Amount In Constant Dollars” to
account for inflation
• Don’t worry too much about this formula, we’re
just becoming familiar with creating/applying
calculations to a viz

• Drag Amount in Constant Dollars

onto the Amount axis to visualize
two Measure Values on a single
graph

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Federal Spending:
Calculated Fields
• Create this viz to see how inflation
affects Federal Spending
• First, right click the measures pane
and create a calculated field
• Let’s create the calculated field
“Amount In Constant Dollars” to
account for inflation
• Don’t worry too much about this formula, we’re
just becoming familiar with creating/applying
calculations to a viz

• Drag Amount in Constant Dollars

onto the Amount axis to visualize
two Measure Values on a single
graph

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Federal Spending:
Spending by Subfunction
• Now, lets find out who the top
spending contributors are
• Drag Subfunction Code to rows
and Amount to columns
• Perform a quick sort and tableau
automatically sorts Amount in
descending order
• Drop Amount on color to generate
a diverging palette centered
around 0
• Looks like we are going to need
more information on these
spenders!
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Federal Spending:
Spending by Subfunction

• Navigate back to the data

source and join in the Functions
sheet to identify Subfunction by
name
• Tableau automatically creates a
join using Subfunction Code as
the unique identifier
• Navigate back to the Sort by
Spending sheet and drag
Subfunction to rows
• Spending can now be identified
by subfunction
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Federal Spending:
Spending by Subfunction

• Navigate back to the data

source and join in the Functions
sheet to identify Subfunction by
name
• Tableau automatically creates a
join using Subfunction Code as
the unique identifier
• Navigate back to the Sort by
Spending sheet and drag
Subfunction to rows
• Spending can now be identified
by subfunction
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Federal Spending:
Hierarchies
• Now lets create a hierarchy to
see how “negative” spending
affects our data.
• First, drag Subfunction onto
Function in the dimensions
shelf
• Rename this hierarchy to
“Functions”
• Drag the Functions hierarchy to
columns and Amount rows
• Create hollow circles by
changing the mark type to
shape and reducing the size

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Federal Spending:
Hierarchies
• Now lets create a hierarchy to
see how “negative” spending
affects our data.
• First, drag Subfunction onto
Function in the dimensions
shelf
• Rename this hierarchy to
“Functions”
• Drag the Functions hierarchy to
columns and Amount rows
• Create hollow circles by
changing the mark type to
shape and reducing the size

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Federal Spending:
Hierarchies
• Drag Amount to Color to create
a diverging palate.
• Drill Up and Down the
hierarchy to see different Levels
of Spending

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Federal Spending:
Groups
• Let’s aggregate the data and
group Functions into
Superfunctions
• First, drag Functions to rows
and Amount to the Colors
Card

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Federal Spending: Superfunction Function

• Education, Training,
Groups Employment, and Social
Services
Human • Health
• Income Security
Resources
• Right click on Function in the • Medicare
• Social Security
dimensions pane and Create a • Veterans Benefits and Services
Group • Allowances
• Commerce and Housing Credit
• Change the field name to • Community and Regional
Development
“Superfunction” Physical
• Energy
Resources
• Natural Resources &
• Now, group all Functions that Environment
• Transportation
belong to the HR Superfunction and
rename it to “Human Resources”
• Create the Physical Resources
Superfunction and then check the
include other box to group the
remaining functions
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Federal Spending:
Groups
• Locate Superfunction on the
Dimensions Pane and drag it to
the Functions Hierarchy
• Add the Functions hierarchy to
the rows shelf. Then expand it
to drill down into the data

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 Check your
Understanding
• Does a left join exclude any data from
the left table?

• Can you drag individual fields from a

hierarchy to the view?

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Let’s Review!
• Joins allows deeper analysis when all
of the data is not included in one table
• Calculations can be created to
manipulate existing data
• Quick sorts allow for fast analysis
• Creating a hierarchy allows you to drill
down data and find anomalies
• Grouping data allows for higher
aggregation

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Exercise 2 U.K. Car Accidents
• Exercise Objectives:
• Practice sorting and
grouping fields
• Learn how to Union Data

Exercise Materials
Exercise 2 UK Accidents-Starter.twbx
Exercise 2 UK Accidents-Solution.twbx

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 IT’S A DATE!
Date Formatting in Tableau

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How does Tableau handle dates?
• Dates represent a point in time specific to the day level of detail.
• Every date contains three mandatory components: month, day, year
– January 20, 2017 is a date
– 1984 is not a date
– December 1941 is not a date
• When connecting to Excel or text data sources, you may have to
change the datatype from String to Date if Tableau couldn't be
certain all the values are valid dates (or use the DateParse() or
MakeDate() functions)

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What is a DateTime?
• Date Times must have all the components of dates, but also
include: hour, minute, second.
• Unspecified trailing components, such as seconds, are treated
as zero.
– January 20, 2017 10:30 is a datetime
• If all the values lack time information (i.e. have a time of
00:00:00), then changing to a Date type is more efficient and
avoids cluttering controls with time detail

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Truncated Date

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Date Part

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Date Menu
• When you place a date/datetime field on a
shelf, you can specify to:
Date Parts
– extract part of the date/datetime value Act as Discrete Fields by default

– truncate the value to a particular level

– or leave the value unaltered (exact date) Truncated Dates
• You also can treat the resulting value as Act as Continuous Fields by default

discrete or continuous Unaltered Date

• Or you can treat the field as a measure using Act as Continuous Fields by default

aggregation functions like min() and max()

• These combinations give you tremendous
flexibility in how you handle dates

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Quiz 1: Recreate this Viz!

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Quiz 2: Recreate this Viz!

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 CREATING THE VIZ
YOU WANT!
Formatting your Data

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Concepts
• Advanced Sort: Tableau sorts data by arranging dimensions in a specified order. Each
dimension that appears in the worksheet can be sorted independently of any
other dimension. You can choose to sort by the data source order, alphabetic order, a field or
manually from the sort dialog box.
• Filters: Tableau filters provide the user the ability to restrict the data that is
available in individual views or even the entire data source by a dimension,
measure or set.
• Bins: Tableau bins are useful in creating a range of continuous data, similar to
‘buckets’ that makes it possible to visualize a continuous field like a discrete field.
• Sets: Sets are custom fields based on dimensions that are used to subset your
data. They can be created manually or computed. Either dimensions or
measures can be used to determine what is included or excluded from a set
using conditional logic
• Pages: Dropping a field on the Pages Shelf allows you to analyze your data based on individual values
contained within a field. A common use of pages is to add a Date field to show how your
visualization changes over time.
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Airbnb: Sorting
• There are several ways to sort
dimensions in Tableau
• Manually sort by clicking on a
neighborhood name and
dragging it
• To create a dynamic sort, click
on the sort descending icon on
the task bar

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Airbnb: Sorting
• There are several ways to sort
dimensions in Tableau
• Manually sort by clicking on a
neighborhood name and
dragging it
• To create a dynamic sort, click
on the sort descending icon on
the task bar

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Airbnb: Sorting
• You can also use a dynamic
sort to arrange the
neighborhoods by average
price
• First, drag Price onto the Color
shelf and choose Average as
the aggregation
• Next, right-click on the
Neighborhood pill to open the
Sort dialogue box and select
Price as the Field and Average
as the Aggregation

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Airbnb: Filtering
• To filter Neighborhoods by # of
Bedrooms, drag the Bedrooms
field onto the Filters shelf and
select “All Values”
• Right-click on the Bedrooms
pill and select “Show Filter”
from the drop-down menu
• A slider appears!

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Airbnb: Filtering
• To filter # of bedrooms one at a
time, change Bedrooms to a
discrete field in the drop down
menu
• Select Use All in the dialogue
box
• Again, select Show Filter in the
drop-down menu
• To change the interactive filter
menu, open the drop-down
menu and select the desired
filter menu

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Airbnb: Filtering
• Which neighborhood has the
most 2-bedroom listings?

• In which neighborhood are 2-

bedroom listings the most
expensive on average?

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Accessing the Format Bar

OR

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Format Bar
• What kind of format
instruction we want to give
– Font, Alignment, Shading,
Borders, Lines, Fields [i.e.
AVG(Price)]

• Tabs – scope of instruction

• Detailed Options

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Recreate this Viz!

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Exercise 3 Simpsons Part 2
• Exercise Objectives:
• Apply & edit filters
• Learn how to change & apply a
color palette
• Learn how to edit a title in a
workbook, and how to insert
variable names
• Play around with the format
pane!
Exercise Materials
Exercise 3 Simpsons Starter 2.twbx
Exercise 3 Simpsons Solution 2.twbx
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What are bins?
• A bin is a range of values that
are grouped together

• A way to convert a continuous

variable into a discrete variable

• Bins are often used in

Histograms

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Airbnb:
Creating Bins
• Let’s create bins for our Price
measure
• Right-click on the field in the
data pane and select
Create > Bins.
• Edit the Size of bins to be 50
and click OK
• A new dimension is created
• Drag the new bin dimension to
the Columns shelf and
Number of Records on the
Rows shelf

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Exercise 4 Airbnb
• Exercise Objectives:
• Create a set & understand
how/when to use it
• Explore pages and apply
them to a viz to gain better
insights in our data

Exercise Materials
Exercise 4 Airbnb Starter.twbx
Exercise 4 Airbnb Solution.twbx

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 ASKING YOUR DATA,
“WHERE?”
Mapping in Tableau

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Why Use a Map?
• Gives us the ability to answer the question “where?” when it
comes to our data
• Provides geographical context to our data
• Gives new insight not immediately recognizable with a table,
linear graph or pie chart
• Examples of geographic questions:
– Where are teacher turnover rates the highest?
– How many grocery stores are in each neighborhood?
– What state has the most Big Foot sightings?

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Latitude &
Longitude
• Any point on a map can be represented
with latitude and longitude points
• Latitude indicates distance north or
south from the equator and Longitude
indicates distance east or west from the
Prime Meridian
• If your dataset includes latitude and
longitude fields, Tableau can
automatically plot them on a map
• If your dataset does not include latitude
and longitude fields but has geographic
place names such as city, country or
state, Tableau can determine their
coordinates with the generated latitude
and longitude fields

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Coordinate Points
• Every point on the globe has unique
latitude and longitude coordinates
• In Tableau, coordinates need to be in
decimal format
• Tableau can automatically plot points
using the latitude and longitude
fields
• By default, Tableau will give an
aggregate average of the latitude and
longitude entries by whatever fields
you have selected for your map
• If no other fields are selected,
Tableau will generate a single
coordinate point representing the
average latitude and longitude

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Airbnb: Point Maps
• Refer back to the Airbnb map
we created in the beginning of
the course
• Tableau automatically
recognizes geographic field
names like city, state and
country
• A globe icon in the data pane
represents a geographic field
• To plot a location double click
or drag the field onto the sheet
• By default, Tableau will plot
geographic locations with a
symbol mark

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Airbnb: Point Maps
• Tableau automatically
recognizes geographic field
names like city, state and
country
• A globe icon in the data pane
represents a geographic field
• To plot a location double click
or drag the field onto the sheet
• By default, Tableau will plot
geographic locations with a
symbol mark

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Saudi Influence:
Filled Maps
• To begin, open the Tableau starter
workbook Indicators of Saudi
Influence
• Double-click on a geographic field
such as city or country and
Tableau creates a symbol map by
default
• Drag a measure field onto color in
the marks shelf and Tableau
automatically converts to a filled
map
• Drag a dimension onto color and
Tableau reverts back to a symbol
map
• To manually choose between a
filled or symbol map, change the
mark type in the drop-down
menu
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Saudi Influence:
Filled Maps
• Group locations on a map to
create custom territories (i.e.
countries based continent)
• Select the locations (countries,
states, etc.) that make up the
territory and group them by
clicking on the paper-clip
• Each group name will appear
as a dimension and functions
like any other group
• The original geographic field
can be removed from the view
to show only the custom
territory
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Path Maps
• Path maps geographically show
the movement of information
or objects from one location to
another and their magnitudes
• The thickness of the flow line
represents the magnitude, or
amount, of movement
• Flow lines are drawn from one
point of origin and branch out
to an end point
• Arrows may be used to show
direction or if the movement is
ingoing or outgoing

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Path Maps
• To create a path you will need
the following fields: Path ID is a distinct value
– Path ID for each path in the data.
This tells Tableau which
– Path order locations group together
– Location coordinates along a path
(latitude & longitude)
• Path ID and Path Order are
calculated fields and typically Path Order is a field that
do not exist in the original assigns an order by which
dataset to connect the points
along the path (for
example, date and time)

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Flight Delays:
Path Maps
• To begin, open the Tableau
starter workbook Flight Delays
in the Starter Workbooks
folder
• To create your path map
visualization, start by double-
clicking on your latitude and
longitude fields to generate a
map
• Next, drag your Path ID field
onto Detail in your Marks Shelf
• By default, Tableau creates a
point map. Select Line in the
drop-down menu to create a
path
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Flight Delays:
Path Maps
• Finally, drag your Path Order
field onto Path in your Marks
Shelf
• You can filter fields such as
Origin in this example to make
your visualization more
readable
• You can drag measure fields to
color and size on the Marks
Shelf to add more information
to the visualization

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Exercise 5 Path Maps
• Exercise Objectives:
• Learn how to use map
features to analyze track
data
• Learn how to leverage the
Page shelf to animate data
for presentation
Exercise Materials
Exercise 5 Belgian Trains Starter.twbx
Exercise 5 Belgian Trains Solution.twbx

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Heat Maps
• When working with large
datasets, points often become
cluttered making the maps
difficult to decipher
• Heat maps allow us to
aggregate data points into
surfaces representing different
density ranges
• By rendering lots of point-level
detail more intuitively as ‘hot-
spots’, we can decipher broad
geographic patterns more
effectively

Images: dataremixed.com

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Heat Maps
• First create a calculated field
(one for each latitude and
longitude field) to round the
decimal values to the desired
level of specificity

ROUND([Latitude],2)

• Change the calculated fields to

geographic fields
• Add the calculated latitude and
longitude fields to the sheet to
create a grid of points and drag
Room ID to detail

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Heat Maps
• Change Longitude_Rounded
and Latitude_Rounded to
Dimensions
• Change the symbol to square
on the Marks Shelf and
increase the size so that the
squares are touching

• Drag a measure field onto

color and edit the colors and
opacity as desired

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Exercise 6 Heat Maps
• Exercise Objectives:
• Learn how to create a
geographic heat map
• Apply zoom controls to
analyze dense spatial data
• Practice creating Calculated
Fields
Exercise Materials
Exercise 6 Twitter HeatMap Starter.twbx
Exercise 6 Twitter HeatMap Solution.twbx

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 DASHBOARDS &
STORIES
Creating a Narrative

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What is a
dashboard?
• A dashboard is a collection
of several worksheets and
supporting information
shown in a single place so
you can compare and
monitor a variety of data
simultaneously.
• When you create a
dashboard, you can add
views from any worksheet
in the workbook.
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What is a story?
• In Tableau a story is a
sequence of visualizations
that work together to
convey information.
• You can create stories to
tell a data narrative,
provide context,
demonstrate how decisions
relate to outcomes or to
simply make a compelling
case. Image: Tableau Public

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Layout Containers
• A good way to organize your
dashboard is with Layout
containers!
• These containers create an
area in the dashboard where
objects automatically adjust
their size and position based
on the other objects in the
container.

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Layout Containers
What if I simply want to drag
and drop sheets onto the
dashboard?

We can Switch to Floating

Containers!

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Filter Actions
• By default, filters only
apply to the sheets
they came from
• Let’s change this!

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 Check your
Understanding
What happens to the underlying
sheets after a Filter Action has
been applied to a view on a
dashboard?

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Dashboards… Stories…
• Dashboards allow you to • Stories are narrated
present multiple sheets, text, walkthroughs of a few sheets or
images or web pages with dashboards that lead your
some interactivity that ties audience through key insights
all the views together from the underlying data
• When changes are made to a • When changes are made to a
sheet on a dashboard, it sheet on a story, it does not
changes the underlying change the underlying sheet or
sheet dashboard

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 VISUALIZATION BEST
PRACTICES
Above all else, show the data

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Concepts
• Color: Using color properly is an effective way to draw your
viewers in and can help them better understand the
underlying data
• Preattentive Properties: A preattentive visual property is one that is processed
subconsciously by a viewer and can be harnessed to
make it easier for a viewer to understand a visualization
through design
• Data-Ink Ratio: The proportion of ink that is used to present actual data
compared to the total amount of ink used in the entire
display

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Effective Use of Color

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Effective
Use of Color
• Sequential: Color is ordered
from low to high
• Diverging: Two sequential
colors with a neutral
midpoint
• Categorical: Contrasting
colors for individual
comparison
• Highlight: Color used to
highlight something
• Alert: Color used to get
attention

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Preattentive
Properties Form

• A preattentive visual
property is one which is
processed in spatial
memory without our Movement
conscious action
• There are four
preattentive visual
properties:
– Color Color Position

– Form
– Movement
– Spatial Positioning

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Data-Ink Ratio
A large share of ink on a
graphic should present data- Data-ink ratio = data-ink / total ink (pixels)
information, the ink changing • = proportion of ink (pixels) devoted to non-redundant
as the data change. Data-ink is display of information
the non-erasable core of a • = 1.0 – proportion of a graphic that can be erased
without loss of information
graphic, the non-redundant ink
arranged in response to Maximize the data-ink ratio, within reason
variation in the numbers
represented. • Erase non-data-ink, within reason
• Erase redundant data-ink, within reason

Tufte, 1983

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Low Data-Ink High Data-Ink
7 7

6 6

5
5

4
4 Real Estate
Consumer 3
3 Leases
Commercial 2
2
1

1
0
1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
0
1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Real Estate Consumer Leases Commercial

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 PARTICIPATE IN OUR
COMMUNITY!
Tableau Public

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Tableau Public
Click here to sign in or create a
free account to access the
Tableau community of
professionals where you can
publish work, browse others’
work, ask questions and get
inspired

Global Market Overview

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 • Connecting to your data
What we’ve learned • Understanding data parts
• Creating basic calculations
• Joining data from multiple data
sources
• Using the user interface to
create impactful visualizations
• Develop dynamic dashboards &
stories
• Leveraging mapping capabilities
Charts covered:
– Bar Chart – Heat Map
– Line Chart – Timeline
– Word Cloud – Path Maps
– Dot Map – Heat Maps
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Continue Learning! The following Apogee University Courses
cover additional topics such as field &
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• Tableau Essentials II
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To learn more, visit our website.
8/16/2018 TABLEAU ESSENTIALS I | APOGEE PROPRIETARY - UNCLASSIFIED
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