occur ‫يحدث‬

casualty ‫ضحية‬- ‫مصاب‬

demand ‫يطالب بـ‬

incident ‫حدث عارض‬
financial ‫مالي‬

compensation ‫تعويض‬

tabloid ‫صحيفة شعبية‬

leave out ‫يهمل‬ omission ‫الحذف‬
Newspapers ‫الصحف‬ broadsheet ‫صحيفة رسمية‬
placement ‫الوضع‬
Bias ‫التحيز‬
spin ‫االلتفاف‬
pirate ‫يقرصن‬

violate ‫يخالف‬
survey ‫استطالع راي‬
copyright law ‫قانون حقوق الملكية‬
lane ‫حارة‬ Piracy ‫القرصنة‬
copy ‫ينسخ‬
the public ‫العامة‬
type up ‫ينسخ‬
affair ‫شأن‬ Nouns
editor ‫محرر‬
convict ‫ متهم‬- ‫مدان‬
staff ‫طاقم العمل‬
apprenticeship ‫فترة تدريب‬

bias ‫تحيز‬
mislead ‫يضلل‬
warning ‫تحذير‬
attract ‫يجذب‬
Nouns route ‫مسار‬
check ‫يفحص‬
Verbs authority ‫سلطة‬
post ‫ينشر‬
article ‫مقال‬
spread ‫ ينشر‬- ‫ينتشر‬
content ‫محتوى‬
Unit 1: Read all about it
balanced ‫متزن‬
announce ‫يعلن‬
misleading ‫مضلل‬
claim ‫ يزعم‬- ‫يدعي‬
contrasting ‫متناض‬
cheat ‫ يغش‬- ‫غشاش‬
inaccurate ‫غير دقيق‬ Adjectives
ruin ‫يفسد‬
trapped ‫محاصر‬
Verbs block ‫يسد‬
constant ‫ثابت‬
investigate ‫يحقق في‬

spin ‫ يلف‬- ‫يدور‬

objective ‫ موضوعي‬- ‫هدف‬
publish ‫ينشر‬
whilst ‫بينما‬
Other
cycle ‫دورة‬
shocked ‫مصدوم‬

nosy ‫متطفل‬
have a responsibility ‫لديه مسئولية‬
illegal ‫غير قانوني‬
dig out ‫يحفر‬
criminal ‫ اجرامي‬- ‫جنائي‬
in general ‫بشكل عام‬ Adjectives
strict ‫حازم‬
make sure ‫يتأكد‬ Expressions
digital ‫رقمي‬
in turn ‫بدوره‬
long-awaited ‫طال انتظاره‬
impact on ‫تأثير على‬

refer to ‫يحيل الى‬

at a low cost ‫بتكلفة منخفضة‬

Expressions with bated breath ‫بفارغ الصبر‬

do an amazing job ‫يقوم بعمل مدهش‬

 determine to ‫يصر على‬
determination ‫اصرار‬
determined ‫ مصر‬- ‫مصمم‬
compete in / to ‫ينافس في‬
round ‫جولة‬
award ‫ جائزة‬- ‫وسام‬ win an award ‫يفوز بوسام‬
Gramd Slam ‫بطوالت جراند سالم‬
competition ‫منافسة‬
athlete ‫العب رياضي‬
court ‫ محكمة‬- ‫ملعب‬
Nouns rank ‫مرتبة‬- ‫يرتب‬- ‫تصنيف‬- ‫يصنف‬
opining ‫افتتاحي‬ opining game ‫مبارة افتتاحية‬
physicist ‫فيزيائي‬
minority ‫اقلية‬ majority ‫اغلبية‬ lecturer ‫محاضر‬
pharmacist ‫صيدلي‬
eye contact ‫تواصل بصري‬
role model ‫مثل اعلى‬
conclusion ‫ خاتمة‬- ‫استنتاج‬
Nouns podcast ‫اذاعة رقمية‬
bar graph ‫رسم بياني‬
profile ‫ ملف تعريف‬- ‫صورة‬
figure ‫ شكل‬- ‫احصائية‬
author ‫مؤلف‬ scholarship ‫منحة دراسية‬ recieve a scholarship ‫يحصل على منحة‬

cheerful ‫ مبتهج‬- ‫مرح‬

overcome ‫يتغلب على‬ obstacle ‫عقبة‬
cross with ‫غاضب من‬ cross ‫غاضب‬
qualify in ‫يتأهل في‬/ qualify as
good-natured ‫لطيف‬ grumpy ‫حاد الطبع‬ ‫يتأهل كـ‬
qualify ‫يتأهل‬
well-behaved ‫حسن السلوك‬ qualification ‫مؤهِل‬ qualified ‫مؤهَل‬
cruel ‫قاسي‬ Adjectives inspire ‫يلهم‬ inspiration ‫الهام‬ inspiring ‫مل ِهم‬
miserable ‫بائس‬ stereotype ‫صورة نمطية‬
defy ‫يتحدى‬- ‫يعصي‬
impatient ‫غير صبور‬ prejudice ‫تعصب‬- ‫تحيز‬
Verbs
alternative ‫بديل‬ innovate ‫يبتكر‬
disabled ‫معاق‬ assume ‫يفترض‬
to + v + ing
reflective ‫عاكس‬ reflection ‫انعكاس‬ reflect ‫يعكس‬
contribute ‫يساهم‬ contribution ‫مساهمة‬
summarised ‫صفة بمعنى ملخص‬ summary ‫ملخص‬ summarise ‫يلخص‬ Verbs
make a contribution to ‫يقوم‬
complaining ‫شاكي‬ complaint ‫شكوى‬ complain ‫يشكو‬
‫بمساهمة لـ‬
speculate about ‫يتكهن بـ‬ Unit 2: Her Story generate ‫يولد‬ generate electricity ‫يولد كهرباء‬
tend to ‫يميل الى‬
remarkable ‫ملحوظ‬
carry on ‫يستمر‬
major ‫رئيسي‬
care about ‫يهتم بشأن‬ Adjectives
mental ‫ نفسي‬- ‫ذهني‬
conform to ‫ينصاع الى‬
equal ‫متساوية‬ an equal amount of ‫كمية متساوية من‬
based on ‫قائم على‬
Exp & Coll & Prep
agree with ‫يتفق مع‬ look up to ‫يحترم‬
seem to ‫يبدو ان‬ name after ‫يسمي على اسم‬
relate to ‫يرتبط بـ‬ graduate from ‫يتخرج من‬
encourage ---- to -- ‫ يشجع‬--- ‫ان‬ confident about ‫واثق بشأن‬
get into trouble ‫يتورط في متاعب‬ Exp & Coll & Prep proud of ‫فخور بـ‬
in conclusion ‫في الختام‬ point out ‫يوضح‬
insist on ‫يصر على‬
believe in ‫يؤمن بـ‬
in increase in ‫زيادة في‬
specialize in ‫يتخصص في‬
 has - have + P.P
‫معلوم‬
has fixed - have watched
‫شكله‬
has - have + been + P.P
‫مجهول‬
has been fixed - have been watched

just - already - lately - recently - so far - up till now - ever - before - yet - over + ‫فترة‬
‫التصريف الثاني‬
for 30 days - for a year ‫معلوم‬
for + ‫طول المدة‬ watched - attended
For how long ‫في السؤال‬ ‫شكله‬
was - were + P.P
since last week - since 5 o'clock ‫الكلمات الدالة‬ ‫امتا اختاره‬ ‫المجهول‬
was watched - was attended
Since when ‫منذ متى‬ since + ‫اسم المدة‬
ago - yesterday - last - in + ‫سنة في الماضي‬
We haven't met since we were kids. since + ‫ماضي بسيط‬
Yesterday, I studied.
‫بيدلوا على استمرار‬ for & since ‫امتا اختاره‬ ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
It's time / It's high time ‫حان وقت‬
‫في نهاية النفي والسؤال‬ yet
The other day ‫ذلك اليوم‬
Have you ever seen this man? ‫في النص‬
Past Simple
ever ‫عطف االفعال‬ He finished school and went home.
This is the strangest man I have ever seen. ‫مع اسلوب التفضيل‬ Present Perfect
ever - before ‫من قبل‬ used to + inf
Have you seen this man before? ‫في االخر‬
before ing
I haven't met the manager before. ‫اول مرة في حياتي اعمل كده‬ be - get - become used to +
used to ‫اعتاد ان‬ noun
have been to ‫ورجع‬
‫مالحظات‬ He no longer smokes.
have gone to ‫ولسه مرجعش‬
‫راح مكان‬ no longer - any longer - anymore = used to He doesn't smoke anymore.
have been in ‫مالحظات‬ ‫العادات‬
‫اقام هناك لفترة‬ He used to smoke.
for - since
‫النفي‬
He looks tired. ‫النتيجة مضارع‬
‫السبب والنتيجة‬ would + inf ‫مش بتيجي في‬ ‫السؤال‬
He has been working for 10 hours. ‫السبب مضارع تام‬
‫افعال الحالة‬
I have read 3 books this month. ‫حدث قابل للزيادة والتكرار‬

for Unit 1 & 2 ‫حاجة كانت موجودة زمان ومش موجودة دلوقتي‬

The last + ‫فترة‬ for ‫الماضي البسيط مع‬ He has worked as a taxi driver for 10 years.
for the last week
He worked as a taxi driver for 10 years. Now, he is a teacher.
The last
Since

since the last meeting The last + ‫اسم‬ was - were + v + ing
‫معلوم‬
since the last time was watching - were attending
‫شكله‬
was - were being + P.P
had + P.P ‫معلوم‬ ‫مجهول‬
‫شكله‬ was being attended - was being watched
had been + P.P ‫مجهول‬
yesterday + ‫فترة‬
By 5 yesterday, I had finished all the work. by + ‫فترة في الماضي‬ ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
‫امتا اختاره‬ Past Perfect Yesterday evening, I was studying.
‫الروابط‬ ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
at + ‫ساعة في الماضي‬ At 5 yesterday, she was peparing lunch.
Past Continious
He looked tired. ‫النتيجة ماضي‬
‫السبب والنتيجة‬ From ..... to ........ From 5 to 7 yesterday, we were watching the match.
He had been working for 10 hours. ‫السبب ماضي تام‬
While we were studying, the light went out.

While I was ill, my friends came to visit me.

While

v + ing While playing, I fell.

‫ينفع اجيب بعدها‬
‫مع الروابط‬ ‫حرف جر‬ While at home, I was watching the game.
‫امتا اختاره‬

as

just as

‫بجيب بعدها اسم صريح‬

During ‫اثناء‬ During the trip,

During our stay in London,

‫روابط اخرى‬ ‫اللحظية‬

ing ‫بجيب بعده‬
see - hear

On ‫عند‬
On hearing / On seeing

On seeing the snake, she screemed.