GYAN DEEP SHIKSHA BHARATI

CHEMISTRY
PROJECT FflE
ON
CONTENTS OF COLV
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PREPARED BY: SUBMITTED TO :

Shiwangi Mr. Amit Singh
Roll No.: PGT CHEMISTRY
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CHEMISTRY
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On
Content of Cold Drinks
Available in the Market
INDEX

• CERTIFICATE

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• OBJECTIVE

• THEORY

• MATERIALS REQUIRED

• CHEMICALS REQUIRED

• PROCEDURE

• OBSERVATION

• CONCLUSION

• BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Shiwangi , a bonafide student of

Gyan Deep Shikha Bharati School, of Class-XII, has
successfully completed his Chemistry project "COMPARATIVE

STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS

OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET" during the

year 2024 - 2025 as per CBSE guidelines

External Examiner Internal Examiner

Date:- - - - Date:- - - -
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere gratitude towards our chemistry teacher

who had given us the opportunity and space to explore new

avenues for the chemistry project; Chemistry Laboratory

Assistant for the standing with us throughout our

endeavours; CBSE for providing us with a platform to explore

our creativities, my friends for their unconditional support

and cooperation; The books and websites need a special

mention here as they laid the foundation of our projects and

of course, my parents, without whose guide and

perseverance the project would never have been possible.

 OBJECTIVE

COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF

DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN THE

MARKET
INTRODUCTION

Soft drinks are non-alcoholic water-based flavoured drinks

that are optionally sweetened acidulated and carbonated.
Some carbonated soft drinks also contain cafferine, mainly
the brown coloured cola drinks.

The global soft drinks industry is highly powerful, being

largely controlled by two multinational companies viz., Coca
Cola and Pepsi Co. Coca Cola lead the carbonated soft drinks
market in most of the countries with its flagship brand Coca
Cola having more then 60% of the market share.

In recent years, a debate is gaining strength regarding

whether the high-calorie soft drinks vending machines should
be allowed in schools. Opponents of the soft drinks vending
machines believe that soft drinks consumption is a significant
contributor to the recent increase in childhood obesity and
tooth decay among children of the school-going age. Allowing
soft drinks sales in schools encourage the children to believe
that they are safe and lead to more consumption.
A soft drinks tropically contains carbonated water, a
sweetener and a natural or artificial flavouring substance. The
sweetener may be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice,
sugar substitutes ( in case of diet-drinks), or some
combination of these. Soft drinks may also contain caffeine,
colourings, preservatives and other ingredients.

Soft drinks are called "soft" in contrast to hard drinks

(alcoholic beverages). Small amounts of alcohol may be
present in soft drinks also, but the alcohol content must be
less than 0.5% of the total value for the drink to be
considered non-alcoholic. Fruit punch , tea and other such
non alcoholic beverages are technically soft drinks by this
definition, but generally are not as such.
Soft drinks may be served chilled over ice cubes at room
temperature . In rare cases some soft drinks like Dr. Pepper
can be served warm. Soft drinks are available in many
formats including cans ,glass bottles and PET bottles (the
latter ranging from 600 ml to 2 L containers).Soft drinks are
also widely available at fast food restaurants , movie
theatres, convenience stores, casual dining restaurants, bars
and soda fountain machines . Soda fountain drinks are
typically served in paper or plastic disposable cups .Soft
drinks may be drunk with straws or sipped directly from the
bottle / glass .
MATERIALS REQUIRED

• Test Tubes

• Test Tube Holder

• Stop Watch

• Beaker

• pH Paper

• Trippod Stand

• China Disc

• Wire Gauge

• Water Bath

CHEMICALS REQUIRED

• Iodine Solution

• Potassium iodide

• Sodium hydroxide

• Fehling's A & B solutions

• Lime water

• Concentrated HN03

• Benedict solution

• Ammonium molybdate
DETECTION OF pH

1-2 drops of sample of cold drinks of each brand were taken

and put on the pH paper. The change in the colour of pH

paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH

scale.

OBSERVATION:

Serial Name of Cold Drink Colour Change pH Value

No.
1. Limca Pinkish 3-4
2. Sprite Yellowish orange 3-4
3. Thumbs Up Pink 1-2
4. Mirinda Pinkish orange 2-3
5. Mountain Dew Orange 3-4

INFERENCE:

Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of

citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks are of

different brands are different due to the variation in amount

of acidic content.
TEST FOR GLUCOSE

Glucose is a reducing sugar. Its presence is detected by the

following tests:
1. BENEDICT'S SOLUTION TEST:
A small of each cold drinks of different brand were taken in
test tube and a few drops of Benedict's reagent were added.
The test tubes were heated for a few seconds. Formation of
reddish colour confirmed the presence of glucose in the cold
drink samples.
OBSERVATION:

Serial Name of Cold Observation Conclusion

No. Drink
1. Limca Reddish colour Glucose presence
2. Sprite Reddish colour Glucose presence
3. Thumbs Up Reddish colour Glucose presence
4. Mirinda Reddish colour Glucose presence
5. Mountain Dew Reddish colour Glucose presence

INFERENCE:

All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict's
reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. FEHLING'S SOLUTION TEST:

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in

separate test tubes and few drops of Fehling's A solution and
Fehling's B solutions were added in equal amounts. The test
tubes were heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Apprearance
of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in
cold drink samples.
OBSERVATION:

Serial Name of Observation Conclusion

No. Cold Drink
1. Limca Reddish brown ppt Glucose presence
2. Sprite Reddish brown ppt Glucose presence
3. Thumbs Up Reddish brown ppt Glucose presence
4. Mirinda Reddish brown ppt Glucose presence
5. Mountain Reddish brown ppt Glucose presence
Dew

INFERENCE:

All the samples give positive test for glucose with Fehling' A &

B solutions. Hence all the cold drinks tested contain glucose.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE {CO2)
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples
were passed through lime water turned milky.

OBSERVATION:

Serial Name of Cold Observation Conclusion

No. Drink
1. Limca Milky lime water CO2 is present
2. Sprite Milky lime water CO2 is present
3. Thumbs Up Milky lime water CO2 is present
4. Mirinda Milky lime water CO2 is present
5. Mountain Dew Milky lime water CO2 is present

INFERENCE:

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water.

The carbon dioxide {CO2) is dissolved in water to form
caebonic acid which is responsible for the tangy taste of the
drinks.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
Ca{OH)i[s] + C02[g] ➔ CaC03[s] + H20[l]
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE

Samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate

test tubes and ammonium molybdate followed by cone. HN03
were added to it. The solutions were then heated and the
colours of the precipitates were observed.

OBSERVATION:

Serial Name of Observation Conclusion

No. Cold Drink
1. Limca Canary Yellow ppt. Phosphate (PQ4) present
2. Sprite Canary Yellow ppt. Phosphate (P04) present
3. Thumbs Up Canary Yellow ppt. Phosphate (P04) present
4. Mirinda Canary Yellow ppt. Phosphate (P04) present
5. Mountain Canary Yellow ppt. Phosphate (PQ4) present
Dew

INFERENCE:

All the soft drinks contain phosphate ions which are detected
by the presence of canary yellow colour in the precipitate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
NaHP04 + 12(NH4)MoQ4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ + 21 NH.iN"O3 +
12H20 ➔ (NH4)PO4.12 MoO3
TEST FOR ALCOHOL

Samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate

test tubes and iodine, followed by potassium iodide and
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were added to each test
tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for
about 30 minutes. A yellow coloured precipitate confirmed
the presence of alcohol in the cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:
Serial Name of Cold Observation Conclusion
No. Drink
1. Limca Yellow ppt. Alcohol present
2. Sprite Yellow ppt. Alcohol present
3. Thumbs Up Yellow ppt. Alcohol present
4. Mirinda Yellow ppt. Alcohol present
5. Mountain Dew Yellow ppt. Alcohol present

INFERENCE:
All the brands of cold drinks tested contain some alcohol.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
CH3CH20H + 4'2 + 6NaOH ➔ CH3+ HC02Na + SN al + SH2O
TEST FOR SUCROSE

5 ml Samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in a

china dish heated very strongly until it changed colour. A
black coloured residue let confirmed the presence of sucrose
in the cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:

Serial Name of Cold Observation Conclusion

No. Drink
1. Limca Black residue Sucrose present
2. Sprite Black residue Sucrose present
3. Thumbs Up Black residue Sucrose present
4. Mirinda Black residue Sucrose present
5. Mountain Dew Black residue Sucrose present

INFERENCE:

All the brands of cold drinks tested contain sucrose. But

amount of sucrose content varies in each brand. Mirinda

contain the highest sucrose among the brands tested.

RESULT

After conducting several tests it was concluded that the

different brands of cold drinks namely:

1. Limca

2. Sprite

3. Thumbs Up

4. Mirinda

5. Mountain Dew

All contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate ions and

carbon dioxide. All are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH

values of different brands, it is found that Thumbs up is the

most acidic and Limca, Sprite and Mountain dew are least

acidic in nature among the brands tested .

CONCLUSION

Among the five samples of soft drinks tested ,Sprite has the
maximum amount of dissolved CO2 and Miranda has the
minimum amount of CO2.

Harmful effects of soft drinks:

1. Soft drinks are more harmful than sugar solution as the
contain more sugar in large amount which can cause
diabetes.
2. Soft drinks may cause weight gain as they interfere with
the body natural ability to supress felling of hunger.
3. Soft drinks also have the ability and a tendency to
dissolve calcium and so they are harmful for our bones
also.
4. Soft drinks also contain phosphoric acid which has a pH
value of 2.8.they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.

Some Alternative uses of soft drinks:

1. Soft drinks can be used for toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust from chrome and car bumpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. They may also be used for removing grease stains from
clothes.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The websites from which I have taken help are as

follows:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softdrink.

• https://www.scribed.com/docu ment/313227818/An

alysis-of -cold Drinks.

• https://www,sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

52214750015000165.

• https://www.sodaking.eo.za/news/84-the-history-of

soft-drinks.