CONTENTS

1. Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting

2. History and Development of DNA Fingerprinting
3. How DNA Fingerprinting Works
4. Techniques Used in DNA Fingerprinting
5. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting in Forensics
6. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting in Medicine
7. Ethical Considerations in DNA Fingerprinting
8. Limitations and challenges of DNA fingerprinting
9. Thank You for Your Attention
APPI.ICATIONS 01' DNA l'INGERPRINTING
IN MEDICINE

Beyond forensic science, DNA fingerprinting has

critical applications in medicine. It is used in genetic
testing for inherited diseases, enabling early diagnosis
and prevention strategies. Additionally, it aids in
personalized medicine, allowing tailored treatment
plans based on genetic predispositions. As science
advances, DNA fingerprinting continues to lead to
innovative breakthroughs in understanding genetic
disorders, enhancing patient care and outcomes.
APPI.ICATIONS 01' DNA l'INGERPRINTING
IN l'ORENSICS
Utilizing DNA analysis in solving crimes

Crime Scene Investigation Paternity Testing

DNA fingerprinting is pivotal in crime scene In family law. DNA fingerprinting plays a key role in
investigations. enabling forensic teams to match DNA paternity testing, establishing biological relationships
found on evidence, such as hair or blood, with with accuracy. By comparing DNA samples. courts
potential suspects or victims, strengthening cases can resolve disputes efficiently and fairly.
considerably.

Missing Persons Cases Disaster Victim Identification

DNA fingerprinting assists in identifying missing In tragic events such as natural disasters. DNA
persons by matching samples from unidentified fingerprinting is vital for identifying victims. By
bodies with those provided by relatives. aiding in comparing DNA from remains to that of relatives,
reunification and closure for families. agencies can accurately confirm identities.
TECHNIQUES USED IN DNA
l'INGERPRINTING

A variety of techniques are employed in DNA

fingerprinting, each serving a specific purpose.
Common methods include Restriction Fragment
Length Polymorphism (RFLP), which analyzes the
lengths of DNA fragments produced by restriction
enzymes. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies
DNA samples allowing for better analysis. More
advanced techniques. such as Short Tandem Repeat
(STR) analysis. focus on specific locations in the DNA.
providing highly accurate identification. These
advancements have significantly improved the
reliability and accessibility of DNA fingerprinting in
various applications.
HOW DNA l'INGERPRINTING WORKS
Understanding the underlying process of DNA analysis

Sample Collection DNA Extraction Analysis and Comparison

The process begins with the Once collected. the DNA is The extracted DNA undergoes
collection of DNA samples from extracted from eel Is using analysis through electrophoresis
various sources. including blood. chemical solutions that break and other techniques to reveal
saliva. or hair. Careful down cell membranes. This step unique patterns. These patterns
procedures ensure the integrity is crucial to isolate usable ore compared against
of these samples for accurate genetic material for further databases or samples to
analysis. examination. identify individuals. accurately
matching them with a high
degree of certainty.
I.IMITATIONS AND CHAI.I.ENGE& 01' DNA
l'INGERPRINTING
Recognizing the constraints of DNA analysis

Sample Quality Issues

The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting relies heavily on
sample quality. Degraded or contaminated samples can
produce unreliable results. complicating investigations and
potentially leading to misidentification.

Cost and Accessibility

Despite advancements. DNA fingerprinting can be
expensive and not fully accessible in all regions. This can
limit its usage in certain cases. highlighting the need for
more affordable and equitable solutions.
UNDERSTANDING
DNA
l'IN GERP RIN TIN G:
T ECHNIQUES,
USES,AN D
E THICAi.
IMP I.ICATION S
INTRODUCTION TO DNA l'INGERPRINTING

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a

forensic method used to identify individuals based on
their unique genetic makeup. This scientific technique
analyzes specific patterns in the DNA to provide
reliable evidence in various legal and medical
situations. As a powerful tool in criminal investigations
and paternity testing, DNA fingerprinting has
revolutionized the way we understand genetics and
identity.
CONTENTS

1. Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting

2. History and Development of DNA Fingerprinting
3. How DNA Fingerprinting Works
4. Techniques Used in DNA Fingerprinting
5. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting in Forensics
6. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting in Medicine
7. Ethical Considerations in DNA Fingerprinting
8. Limitations and challenges of DNA fingerprinting
9. Thank You for Your Attention
TECHNIQUES USED IN DNA
l'INGERPRINTING

A variety of techniques are employed in DNA

fingerprinting, each serving a specific purpose.
Common methods include Restriction Fragment
Length Polymorphism (RFLP), which analyzes the
lengths of DNA fragments produced by restriction
enzymes. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies
DNA samples allowing for better analysis. More
advanced techniques. such as Short Tandem Repeat
(STR) analysis. focus on specific locations in the DNA.
providing highly accurate identification. These
advancements have significantly improved the
reliability and accessibility of DNA fingerprinting in
various applications.
APPI.ICATIONS 01' DNA l'INGERPRINTING
IN l'ORENSICS
Utilizing DNA analysis in solving crimes

Crime Scene Investigation Paternity Testing

DNA fingerprinting is pivotal in crime scene In family law. DNA fingerprinting plays a key role in
investigations. enabling forensic teams to match DNA paternity testing, establishing biological relationships
found on evidence, such as hair or blood, with with accuracy. By comparing DNA samples. courts
potential suspects or victims, strengthening cases can resolve disputes efficiently and fairly.
considerably.

Missing Persons Cases Disaster Victim Identification

DNA fingerprinting assists in identifying missing In tragic events such as natural disasters. DNA
persons by matching samples from unidentified fingerprinting is vital for identifying victims. By
bodies with those provided by relatives. aiding in comparing DNA from remains to that of relatives,
reunification and closure for families. agencies can accurately confirm identities.
HOW DNA l'INGERPRINTING WORKS
Understanding the underlying process of DNA analysis

Sample Collection DNA Extraction Analysis and Comparison

The process begins with the Once collected. the DNA is The extracted DNA undergoes
collection of DNA samples from extracted from eel Is using analysis through electrophoresis
various sources. including blood. chemical solutions that break and other techniques to reveal
saliva. or hair. Careful down cell membranes. This step unique patterns. These patterns
procedures ensure the integrity is crucial to isolate usable ore compared against
of these samples for accurate genetic material for further databases or samples to
analysis. examination. identify individuals. accurately
matching them with a high
degree of certainty.
HISTORY AND DEVEI.OPMENT 01' DNA
l'INGERPRINTING
A brief look at its origins and milestones

Initial Discoveries
In 1984. Dr. Alec Jeffreys discovered the technique of DNA
fingerprinting, marking a significant milestone in genetic
science. This breakthrough allowed for the identification of
individuals based on variations in their DNA sequences.
leading to its adoption in legal cases.

Evolution of Techniques
Since its inception. DNA fingerprinting has evolved.
incorporating advancements such as polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis.
increasing accuracy and sensitivity in testing and
expanding its applications across various fields.