INDEX:

 Aim of the project

 Introduction

 Theory

 Required Materials

 Pre-requisite Knowledge

 Procedure

 Observations

 Calculations

 Result

 Bibliography
Aim:
To determine the dosage of bleaching powder required
for sterilization or disinfection of different samples.

INTRODUCTION:
NEED OF WATER:

 Water is an important and essential ingredient in our quest for survival on

this planet. It is very essential for carrying out various metabolic processes
in our body and also to carry out haemoglobin throughout the body
 A daily average of 1 gallon per man is sufficient for drinking and cooking
purposes. A horse, bullock or mule drinks about 11 gallons at a time.
Standing up, an average allowance of 5 gallons should be given at a time
for a man, and 10 gallons for a horse or a camel.
 An elephant drinks 25 gallons, each mule or ox drinks 6 to 8 gallons, each
sheep or pig 6 to 8 pints. These are minimum quantities.

ONE CUBIC FOOT OF WATER = 6 GALLONS (1 gallon = 10 lbs.)

 In order to fulfil such a huge demand of water, it needs to be purified and

supplied in an orderly and systematic way.
 But with the increasing world population, the demand for drinking water
has also increased dramatically and therefore it is very essential to
identify resources of water from which we can use water for drinking
purposes. Many available resources of water do not have it in drinkable
form. Either the water contains excess of Calcium or Magnesium salts or
any other organic impurity or it simply contains foreign articles which
make it unfit and unsafe for drinking.
 What Are The Actual Processes
Involved In Disinfecting And Purifying
Water?
 The combination of following processes is used for municipal
drinking water treatment worldwide:


 Pre-chlorination: for algae control and
arresting any biological growth.
 Aeration – along with pre-chlorination for
removal of dissolved iron and manganese.
 Coagulation - for flocculation
 Coagulant aids (also known as polyelectrolyte’s) – to
improve coagulation and for thicker floc formation
 Sedimentation – for solid separation
 Filtration – for removal of carried over floc
 Disinfection – for killing bacteria

 Out of these processes, the role of Bleaching powder is only in the

last step. i.e. for Disinfection of water.

Requirements:
a) Apparatus

 Burette
 Titration flask
 100ml graduated cylinder
 250ml measuring flask
 Weight box
 Glazed tile
 Glass wool

b) Chemicals

 Bleaching Powder
  Glass wool
 01 N Na2 S2 O3 Solution
 10% KI solution
 Different samples of water
 Starch solution.

Pre-requisite knowledge:
 A known mass of the given sample of bleaching powder is dissolved
in water to prepare a solution of known concentration. This solution
contains dissolved chlorine, liberated by the action of bleaching
powder with water.

CaOCl2 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + Cl2

 The amount of Chlorine present in the above solution is determined

by treating a known volume of the above solution with excess of
10% potassium iodide solution, when equivalent amount of Iodine is
liberated. The Iodine, thus liberated is then estimated by titrating it
against a standard solution of Sodium Thiosulphate, using starch
solution as indicator.

Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2

I2 + 2Na2S2O3 Na2S4O6 + 2NaI

 A known volume of one of the give samples of water is treated with

a known volume of bleaching powder solution. The amount of
residual chlorine is determined by adding excess potassium iodide
solution and then titrating against standard sodium thiosulphate
solution
 From the readings, the amount of chlorine and hence bleaching
powder required for the disinfection of a given volume of the given
sample of water can be calculated.

Procedure:
Preparation of Bleaching Powder solution
 Weigh accurately 2.5g of the given sample of bleaching
powder and transfer it to a 250 ml conical flask. Add about
100-150ml of distilled water. Close the flask by stopper and
shake it vigorously. The suspension thus obtained is filtered
through glass wool and the filtrate is diluted with water (in a
measuring flask) to make the volume 250ml. The solution
obtained is 1% bleaching powder solution.
 Take 20ml of bleaching powder solution in a stoppered
conical flask and add it to 20ml of 10% KI solution. Stopper
the flask and shake it vigorously. Titrate this solution against
0.1N Na2S2O3 solution taken in the burette. When the solution
in conical flask becomes light yellow in colour, add about 2ml
starch solution. The solution now becomes blue in colour.
Continue titrating till the blue colour just disappears. Repeat
the titration to get a set of three concordant readings.
 Take 100ml of the water sample in a 250ml stoppered conical
flask and add it to 10ml of bleaching powder solution. Then
add 20ml of KI solution and stopper the flask. Shake
vigorously and titrate against 0.1N Na 2S2O3 solution using
starch solution as indicator.
 Repeat the step 3 with other samples of water and record the
observations.

Observations:
 Volume of bleaching powder taken is 20ml.
 Volume of KI solution added is 20ml.
 Volume of different samples of water is 100ml.

Titration Table for Distilled Water

Sr. No. Initial Final Volume of Concordant
Reading of Reading 0.2N Reading
Burette Na2S2O3
1. 2 10.1 8.1
2. 10.1 18.4 8.3 8.2
3. 18.4 26.6 8.2
 Titration Table for Tank Water
Sr. No. Initial Final Volume of Concordant
Reading of Reading 0.2N Reading
Burette Na2S2O3
1. 15.1 25.2 10.1
2. 25.2 35.2 10.0 10.1
3. 35.2 45.4 10.2

Titration Table for Pond Water

Sr. No. Initial Final Volume of Concordant
Reading of Reading 0.2N Reading
Burette Na2S2O3
1. 7.2 12.1 4.9
2. 12.1 16.9 4.8 4.8
3. 16.9 21.9 4.7
Calculations
1) Tank Water (Sample 1)
 Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100 ml of tap
water
= (10.1 - 8.2) ml of 0.2N of Na2S2O3 solution
= 1.9ml of 0.2N of Na2S2O3 solution.

Since 250 ml bleaching powder solution contains 2.5g bleaching

powder,

1ml of bleaching powder solution contains 0.01g of bleaching

powder.

20ml of bleaching powder solution consumes 8.2ml of 0.2N of

Na2S2O3 , so 1ml of Na2S2O3 solution consumes 2.0/8.2 ml of
bleaching powder solution.

Volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100 ml of

water = 1.9 x 20/8.2 ml

1.9 x 20/8.2 ml of bleaching powder solution contains 1.9 x 20 x

0.01/8.2 g bleaching powder

Amount of bleaching powder to disinfect 1 litre of water is

= 1.9 x 20 x 0.01 x 1000

8.2 x 100

= 0.4634 g

2) Pond Water (Sample 2)

Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of pond
water

= (8.2 – 4.8) ml of 0.2N Na2S2O3 solution

= 3.4 ml

Accordingly,

Volume of bleaching powder solution required to disinfect 1

litre of water.
 = 3.4 x 20 x 0.01 x 1000

8.2 x 100

= 0.8293 g

Result
Amount of the given sample of bleaching powder
required to disinfect one litre of water for

Tank water (Sample 1) = 0.4634 g

Pond water (Sample 2) = 0.8293 g

 Acknowledgement
I am very thankful to everyone who all supported me, for I have
completed my assignment effectively and on time .

I am equally grateful to my teacher Mr Arif Ansari. He gave me

moral support and guided me in different matters regarding the topic. He
has been very kind and patient while suggesting me the outlines of this
project and correcting my doubts. I thank him for overall support.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents who helped
me a lot in gathering different information, collecting data and guiding me
from time to time in making this project. Despite their busy schedules
they helped me in each way possible to make this project unique.

Thank you

Archit Dwivedi

Class – XII’A’
 Certificate
Certified to the bonafied work done by Archit Dwivedi regular
student of 12th ‘A’ Ryan International School of the Chemistry Project on
“Sterilization of water with Bleaching Powder” during the year 2023-24.
The present study is his original work which he has submitted for project
report.

Signature of External Signature of Teacher

Signature of Principal
 Bibliography
1. Google.com
2. Wikipedia.org
3. Vlib.us
4. toppersarena.com
5. jmoneyham.com
6. ianrpubs.unl.edu
To determine the dosage of bleaching
powder required for sterilization or
disinfection of different samples of
water.