Teacher copy

Teacher (Circle) Mrs Clarke Mrs McKinlay Miss Thompson Mr Trohear

Year 10 Geography Fieldwork June 2024

Title: River study in Sunnyhurst wood

Aim: Is the cross section of the stream at Sunnyhurst wood deeper and
narrower downstream of the river management?

Location: Sunnyhurst brook in Sunnyhurst Wood, Darwen

Theory: Bradshaw model

Without management (the manmade boating lake and river straightening) the
channel should get wider and deeper as the river flows downstream.

Theory: Variation of the model with management (the manmade boating lake and
river straightening)

The cross-section before the management will be wider and shallower than the
cross profile after the management. The channel depth follows the Bradshaw
model but the channel width will be different to the Bradshaw theory. This is
because sediment is deposited in the lake due to
the slower flow of water. This leads to a river that
is ‘hungry for sediment’ after the management. There is less material to deposit
and erosion rates remain constant, this means that the cross profile is deeper
and narrower.

River
management

Cross Section
X- Upstream

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 Cross Section
Y- Downstream

Data collection method description: Measure the width

and depth of the river. Hold a rope across the river that has tape on it at 20cm
intervals. Every 20cm measure the depth of the river using a metre rule and
record the depth.

Equipment: Rope with tape on it at 20cm intervals, metre rule

Sampling (how many cross sections?): 2

Benefits of the data collection method:

 Easy and quick to do as the tape already has the markers on for where
the river depth needs to be measured. This also makes the method
accurate as long as the rope is held taught.
 Systematic sampling - collecting data in an ordered or regular way.

Issues with the data collection method:

 We only collected the data once in both the upper and lower section of the
river.
 We only collected the data in the summer. We might get different results
at different times of year.
 The tape is not precise as it is 2 cm wide, so we did not measure at
exactly 20cm intervals

How could I improve my data collection method?

 We could have done 3 cross sections at each location and taken an

average; this would have made the data more reliable.
 Would could have collected data at more than two sites down the river, as
these might have been anomalies.

What other data could I collect?

 Sketches of the river width before and after the management with a metre
rule in it for scale

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  Annotated photographs of the river width before and after the management
with a metre rule in for scale

Risks:

 Falling/Sipping falling into the river

 Getting lost
 Drowning

Risk action:

 Monitor the river level and do not enter the river if the discharge is too high
 Wear trainers/walking shoes/wellies for grip
 Have a first aider available
 Have a first aid kit
 Have the trip mobile number in case of separation

Results: Cross Section X Upstream of the river management

Measured 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Width
(Cm)
Measured
Depth
(Cm)

Measured 22 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420
Width 0
(Cm)
Measured
Depth
(Cm)

Measured 44 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640
Width 0
(Cm)
Measured
Depth
(Cm)

Width of river channel: _______________ Average depth: ________________

Cross Section Y Downstream of the river management

Measure 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

d Width

3
(Cm)
Measure
d Depth
(Cm)

Measure 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420
d Width
(Cm)
Measure
d Depth
(Cm)

Measured 44 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640
Width 0
(Cm)
Measured
Depth
(Cm)

Width of river channel: ___________________ Average depth: ____________

Summary of findings:

Did the river channel get deeper downstream of the river management? Yes/No
Did the river channel get narrower downstream of the river management?
Yes/No

Was this what you expected? Yes/No

Pick out the anomaly and explain it here. The anomaly is at 180cm on Y, I
measured -27cm. There was a piece of concrete that made the river shallower
than it would have been.

Suggest why we used this location to test your aim:

 Within 20 mins from school

 Ease access two sites for comparison on good footpaths
 Sate entry to the river to test the hypothesis
 A fairly shallow river which made it safe even after rainfall
 Able to come back and repeat the survey to get more results as it is not
privately owned

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Title: Regeneration in Blackburn

Aim: Do the impacts of regeneration in Blackburn decrease with distance

away from the town centre?

Location: Blackburn

Theory: Blackburn’s centre has been regenerated, which means that millions of
public money has been spent to improve the decline of the area. Examples
include the new bus station, the Northern Quarter area around the cathedral and
Blakey Moor. There is now award-winning accommodation, high quality
restaurants, cafes and tea rooms, a vibrant shopping centre, green spaces, art
galleries, sport and leisure facilities and entertainment venues.

If regeneration creates economic opportunities and benefits the environment:

1) There should be less attractive buildings further from the town centre, as
newly regenerated areas are in the centre. There will be less investment further
away, so the buildings will not be maintained.
2) There would be declining traffic management further from the town centre
because access around the bus station and train station would be well managed
in the centre with many traffic lights and pedestrian crossings, as many people
use that area for business and retail, as it has been regenerated, however, there
will have been less regeneration away from the centre so there will be less
attractive businesses and less investment. Less traffic management is needed
away from the centre and main roads.
3) There would be fewer public amenities such as bins, benches, lighting, public
toilets further from the town centre as less people will use businesses and
attractions further away from the regeneration, so residents will not need these
amenities. In the centre there would be lots of public amenities because many
people come to the centre for attractions, such as retail and to visit the cathedral.
4) There would be worst accessibility further from the town centre because those
areas have not been regenerated, so less people visit businesses in these areas
and it is far away from the train station and bus station, where the integrated
transport networks are. Accessibility would be higher in the town centre because
it is where the regenerated bus station and train station are, so there is an
integrated transport network.

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 Site 1
Site 3

Site 4

Site 2

Site 5

Data collection method: Environmental Quality Survey

Equipment: None

Data collection method description:

5 EQS surveys at 200m intervals moving NE to SW (moving away from the town
centre) as there is a lot of regeneration next to the cathedral.
The scores will be from 1-5 (5 being the best score) and the categories will be
building attractiveness, traffic management, public amenities
(lighting/signage/benches/bins etc.) and accessibility

Sampling (how many readings?): 5

Benefits of the data collection method:

 Systematic
 It gives a systematic representation of 5 areas between school and the
regenerated area of Blackburn

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Issues with the data collection method:

 Subjective

How could I improve the data collection?

 Collect the class data and then work on an average for each area and
section
 Collect more data by doing to 10 sites 100m apart, rather than 5 200m
apart

What other data could I collect?

 Land use survey to map and compare regeneration building use (café, hotels,
new houses) with non-regeneration buildings use (newsagents, older
houses) to see if the pattern of regeneration declines from Blackburn town
center.
 Sketches to compare regenerated and non-regenerated areas (as detailed in
the land use explanation).
 Photographs and ask people’s opinions about the environmental quality
categories

Risks:

 Traffic/road safety
 Public – drunk or drug use
 Weather – hot or cold
 Tripping over

Risk action:

 Two members of staff are with each group and will be in hi viz. They will
guide the students across roads and and use crossings where possible.
 Students have been briefed on wearing sensible clothing and footwear
 If we come across any inebriated publlic, we will change the route safely.

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Results:

Site Distance Description Building Traffic Public Accessibility Total Average

from the attractiveness management amenities score
town (lighting/
centre signage/
(m) benches/
bins,
etc.)
1 0 Cathedral
Quarter

2 200 Opposite
the Lounge

3 400 William
Eccles
Memorial
4 600 By A&M
Exhausts

5 800 Opposite
Quick
Tyres

Summary of findings:

1) Were there less attractive buildings further from the town centre? Yes/no
because…

2) Was there declining traffic management further from the town centre?
Yes/no because…

3) Were there fewer public amenities such as bins, benches, lighting, public
toilets further from the town centre? Yes/no because…

4) Was there worse accessibility further from the town centre? Yes/no
because…

Was this what you expected? Yes/No

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Pick out the anomaly and explain it here. The anomaly is at site 3 we were next
to the A6078 so the traffic management score was higher at 3 even though there
was no regeneration in the area.

Suggest why we used this location to test your aim:

 Safe, accessible and walking distance from school,

 We don’t need permission for access as it’s public access
 There is a range of survey points available to show changes in regeneration
over the distance, as there is more regeneration in Blackburn and it
decreases towards school.
 Able to come back and repeat the survey to get more results as it is not
privately owned

Suggest why we could not go in a straight line surveying sites 1 to 5 every 200m
from NE to SW.

As there we buildings in the way and private roads