2024 International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC)

Detecting Atmosphere Contamination with IOT

Devices
Sridhar Patthi Neelamadhab Padhy
Scholar, M.Tech (CSE) Associate Professor, Department of CSE
GIET University, Gunupur GIET University, Gunupur
[email protected] [email protected]
2024 International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC) | 979-8-3503-4985-6/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ESIC60604.2024.10481597

Abstract— The growing necessity to keep track of have a higher chance of emerge persistent lung diseases like
contamination that is occurring in atmosphere is evident due to asthma.
the significant increase in industrial activities in recent years.
Atmosphere contamination not only hampers daily life but also To record atmosphere pollution, researchers around the
poses a severe risk to the health of our eco-methodology and the world have developed methodology to track various harmful
overall well-being on earth. Recognizing the urgency to gauge miasma such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide
the impact of human activities on the atmosphere, this work (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). This
introduces a methodology dedicated to recording the paper elaborates the creation and developing of an intelligent
atmosphere pollution. A device which monitors the methodology to record the atmosphere contamination. It also
contamination that is occurring in atmosphere in the real-time explores the capability of the methodology to detect and
and accurately records on the distant host is constructed using measure the levels of pollutants using a miasma sensing
an Arduino microcontroller which provides an updated element with an Arduino microcontroller and a Wi-Fi module.
information via the cyber space. The methodology measures The primary goal of this research work is to establish an agile
atmosphere quality using the millionth (PPM) metric and these atmosphere contamination recording framework capable of
measures are utilized for data analysis. The measurements measuring, analysing, and recording atmosphere quality data
captured by the methodology are precise. The results are onto a distant host while maintaining up-to-date information
verified through the hardware's prototype model and are also
accessible over the cyber space.
accessible remotely through any intelligent ambulant device via
the cloud. These inferences are kept informed to the user which II. RELATED WORK
are about the contamination in atmosphere in environment,
enabling them to record informed conclusions about their health An Intercommunication-based individual vehicle air
and activities. pollution monitoring and identification by IoT [1]. To identify
the forest fire incidents by focusing on the affected areas using
Keywords— Microcontroller, millionths, pollution, sensors [2]. A predictive machine learning model that takes
confidences, intelligent ambulant the data from IoT device and predicts the carbon dioxide and
some other gases which are toxic [3]. A study on real-time air
I. INTRODUCTION pollution monitoring using wireless sensors on public
Atmosphere is a vital component of our environment, transport vehicles [4]. A device which has a network
constituting a mixture of elements such as harmful miasma, heterogeneous and homogeneous device which is an efficient
and trace amounts of rarer substances in the earth's method of measuring and monitoring air pollutants [5].The
atmosphere. For all living beings, health and life to thrive, it General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) sensing element is
is imperative that the atmosphere we respire is devoid of designed which is a connection-less dispense ambulant
harmful pollutants. Any alteration to the atmosphere's natural atmosphere contamination recording methodology [6]. The
composition can give rise to a serious threat to all life on earth. models designed for sensing the atmosphere contamination
are changing day by day with the advancements in the
Atmosphere contamination is defined as the connection-less communications and also in the sensing
contamination of the atmosphere by many harmful substances, element technologies [7]. New technologies in IoT, cyber
like miasma, in initiates that are detrimental to human health, space of things is giving a scope in creation for agile
more over to animals and plants. These pollutants are environments in which the objects or machines interact with
quantified in terms of millionth (ppm) or micrograms per each other, they cooperate with each other and new evolutions
cubic meter (µg/m^3). Prime impurity are those where are designed [8].
harmful miasma or substances are discharged into the
atmosphere, whereas subsidiary impurities form when prime In this technological world, a rapid growth in designing
impurities chemically interact with other elements in the the methodology which are able to measure the atmosphere
atmosphere. contamination have a lot of high observations where [9] also
there is a methodology designed to record the atmosphere
The impact of atmosphere contamination on living beings quality at home. This methodology which is designed by the
is significant, with effects that include respiratory difficulties, use of request and respond protocol combines the address and
coughing, and exacerbation of situations such as breathing the data centric protocols which would record the atmosphere
issues and emphysema. It also compromises visibility and is quality at home. This design methodology displays the
responsible for approximately seven million premature reading on the screen through the sensing element detection
demises worldwide per year, representing one in eight of all which compares the indoor and outdoor atmosphere quality.
premature deaths. Of these, almost 5,70,000 children are Another research [10] where UAV is designed which is
under five who succumb to respiratory infections connected to known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle which can records the
indoor and outdoor pollution, more over exposure to second- atmosphere contamination where the accessibility is poor. In
hand smoke. Children living in polluted environments also this design the methodology was equipped with a Pixhawk
autopilot for UAV control and a raspberry pi for sensing and

979-8-3503-4985-6/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE

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 2024 International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC)

collating atmosphere contamination data. The proposed

algorithm which helps in analyze the gathered contamination
data. A participatory sensing element methodology for
detecting atmosphere contamination in Sydney was designed
in [11]. The sensing elements were fixed on to the vehicles
and ambulant application was used to collect the readings and Fig 1. The block diagram of prototype model
upload data to required repository. Recursive Converging The architecture of the initiate structure is explained in five
Quartiles (RCQ) draft was used and designed to gather distinct levels as described in Fig 2. At the foundational level,
together and it also eliminated data redundant by discarding environmental parameters are captured directly using various
the unrequired readings [12] to improve the effectiveness of sensors.
connection-less atmosphere contamination recording
methodology. The energy is saved as the sensing element
nodes and the links which are connection-less are linked to
server. The server gets the data through the collated sensing
element nodes. An advancement in the technology led to
proposing a grouping design for the atmosphere
contamination detection [13].
The initiate algorithm yielded values with less time
complexity when compared with other algorithm probabilistic
fuzzy c-means (PFCM) [14]. In this paper, it was initiated a
model that showed the results of atmosphere pollutants in real-
time. To get the level of contamination in the atmosphere, an
optimal connection-less sensing element network (WSN) was
initiated in [15] where the methodology resulted in a content
and accordance combination flow. The sensing elements were
able to handle weather at different temperatures. There was
also requirement for the sensing elements to be designed to
confirm that the connectivity between the machines works at
all conditions. Online recording of atmosphere pollutants was
initiated when a sensing element-based methodology is
designed with the technology of cyber space of things [16].
When the contamination is high in a particular locality and is
above a certain threshold, an agile message service is provided
to the public. A repository server which is connection-less to
machine that records the contamination at different locations
is designed. This back-end server collects all the real time data
from different locations which are marked as stations would
reproduce the information from web and ambulant
applications [17]. With the improved technologies raspberry
pie is used to identify the distortion, disturbance and
contamination in the environment along with the sensing
devices [18].
III. METHODOLOGY - HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED
The prototype model has been developed in order to Fig 2. Initiate methodology outline
identify the level of contaminations in the atmosphere. The list The second level involves examining the features and
of major components is made available in Table 1. An functionalities of the sensing elements. The third level
Arduino Uno microcontroller is integrated with MQ series encompasses the processes of decision-making and
miasma sensing elements such as MQ2, MQ3, MQ7, MQ135. measurement, which includes setting threshold levels,
The particulate matter sensing element is a type of sensing adjusting sensitivity, and determining the timing and spatial
element that is used to recognize dust particles in atmosphere aspects of data collection. The fourth level is dedicated to the
that fall under 2.5ppm, a BMP 280 series is used to identify acquisition of data from the sensing elements. Finally, the fifth
temperature and pressure. level pertains to the environs intuitive circumstances where
Table 1. Hardware components used for detection the data, once collected and processed by the microcontroller,
Arduino Uno MQ2 sensing element MQ135 sensing element is transmitted via the cyber space for further analysis through
PCB board MQ3 sensing element PM2.5 sensing element the Wi-Fi module. This allows users to conveniently track the
Liquid Crystal intuitive features in real-time on their agile gadgets. The flow
MQ7 sensing element BMP280 sensor
Display chart in the Fig 3. explains the initiate work.

The block diagram to detect the atmosphere contamination Fig 3. outlines the operational flow where the Arduino’s
methodology is presented in Fig. 1, which explains the library is first utilized to transmit a display command to the
functionality of the prototype model. Liquid Crystal Display screen

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 2024 International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC)

IV. DEVELOPED PROTOTYPE STRUCTURE AND

IMPLEMENTATION
The prototype model with Arduino Uno microcontroller
integrated with MQ series sensors is presented in Fig 4. The
atmosphere quality metrics are gathered by the MQ135
sensing element, which is designed to output an analog
voltage that correlates with the absorption of contaminant in
the Atmosphere, measured in millionth (ppm). This data is
initially showcased on the Liquid Crystal Display before
being relayed to the Wi-Fi module.
The Wi-Fi module sends the recorded data to the
administrator over the cyber space. It is specifically
programmed to communicate with "Thing Speak", an
application hosted on a distant server. This platform allows for
the data to be accessed universally through any cyber space-
enabled device.
Fig 4. The prototype model

V. MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF INITIATED MODEL

The level initiate of pollutants in the atmosphere is
measured in millionth (ppm) or percentage.

Conversion factors include the following:

1 ppm =1.145 mg/m3
1 mg/m3=0.873ppm
1% = 1/100
1 ppm = 1/1000000
1 ppm = 0.0001%
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this initiate methodology, "Thing Speak" serves as the
online platform for processing and examining the atmosphere
quality data sensed by the sensing elements. Thing Speak
works as open-source cyber space of things platform that
offers an application programming interface for data storage
and retrieval from the devices interconnected through the
cyber space using HTTP.
A sample of one month i.e. from 28 February 2023 to 28
March 2023 is considered to record the data in Kukatpally in
Hyderabad. The model is tested on all the days from 7:00 AM
to 08:00 AM. Recording on 9th March are provided in Table
2.
Table 2: Results from hardware setup on 9th March
Parameter of Pollutant PPM
Methane 0.01
Smoke 0.00
Alcohol 0.00
Benzene 0.00
Hexane 0.06
CO 0.20
CO2 2.54
Toluene 0.48
NH4 3.92
Acetone 0.41
It also facilitates connectivity to a vast array of embedded
methodology and web services, which paves the way for the
Fig 3. The flow chart of initiate structure development of sensing element record demand capable of
The sensing element's data is transformed into a string frequent updates. The findings for different pollutants, as
layout to facilitate the updating process on the distant server, captured and displayed by the methodology, are presented in
ensuring that the latest atmosphere quality information is Figures 5 through 10 for 8 days as shown in the respective
always available. figures.

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 2024 International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC)

Fig 8. Atmosphere quality on selected days with smoke as sample pollutant

Fig 5. Aerosol as sample pollutant atmosphere quality
Fig 8 shows that the smoke parameter is impact as per the
Fig. 5 explains that the pollutants are less prior the sensing smoke release into air on different days. The purity in the
element was applied and recording the readings of aerosol as Atmosphere is gradually decreasing as per the smoke
sample. There was a decrease in the Atmosphere quality from increases. The variation is seen from 8 points to 70 points.
0 points to 100 points when the sensing element detected the
aerosol.

Fig 9. Atmosphere quality on selected days with bio-miasma as sample

pollutant

“Thing speak” platform was integrated to receive the

Fig 6. Sample pollutant as dust quality of atmosphere measurements from remote methodology. The reading of the
Fig. 6 depicts that the dust parameter in the parameters was marked on different data visualization
atmosphere is least on 28th of February and was increased day techniques and the below Fig.10 shows day wise status.
by day. Some days there is an increase and some days there
is no change in the quality in the Atmosphere. Only the
parameters which are considered only doesn’t impact the
purity in atmosphere. They would be some other parameters
which are minor in recording but would affect the purity a lot
more in mixture with other parameters.

Fig 7. Atmosphere quality on selected days with a Miasma as sample

Pollutant
The recording from Fig 7 shows the atmosphere quality is on
comparatively better when compared to the previous
pollutant parameters. As the Miasma parameter is high level
pollutant the impurities in air also increased and the purity in
atmosphere decreased.

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 2024 International Conference on Emerging Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC)

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