Grade 07: Maths

'S
Chapter Notes
U
YJ
B
 Chapter Notes

'S
The Triangle and Its
U Properties

Grade 06
YJ
B

54
 Topics to be Covered

1. Introduction

2. Median

'S
3. Altitude
U
4. Angle Properties
• Exterior angle property
YJ
• Angle sum property

5. Triangle
Inequalities
B

6. Special Triangles
• Equilateral triangle
• Isosceles triangle
• Right-angled triangle

55
 Mind Map

Exterior Angle
Property

Angle Sum Property

Angles Properties Triangle Inequalities

'S
U
The Triangle and
Median Altitude
YJ
its Properties

Special Triangles
B

Equilateral Triangle

Isosceles Triangle

Right-angled
Triangle

56
 1. Introduction

A triangle is a simple closed curve made of three line

segments.
• It has three vertices, three sides and three angles.

B C

'S
In ∆ABC:
• Sides: AB, BC, CA
• Angles: ∠ABC, ∠BCA, ∠CAB
• U Vertices: A, B, C

2. Median
YJ
A median of a triangle is a line segment that joins a vertex
to the mid-point of the side that is opposite to that vertex.
• A triangles has only 3 medians, which always intersect
at point called the centroid.
A
B

F
E
O
B D C
In ∆ABC:
• AD is the median that bisects BC.
• BE is the median that bisects AC.
• CF is the median that bisects AB.
• O is the centroid.

57
 3. Altitude

An altitude of a triangle is a line segment that starts from

the vertex and meets the opposite side at right angles.
• The altitude is the shortest distance from the vertex to
its opposite side.
• Every triangle has 3 altitudes, one from each vertex.
• The 3 altitudes always meet at a single point, no
matter what the shape of the triangle is, called the
orthocentre.

'S
A

F
U O E
YJ
B C
D

In ∆ABC:
• AD is the altitude to side BC.
• BE is the altitude to side AC.
• CF is the altitude to side AB.
B

• O is the orthocentre.

58
 4. Angle Properties

4.1. Exterior Angle Property

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its
interior opposite angles.
A
E
∠1
∠𝑥
∠2 ∠𝑦

'S
B C D
Consider ∆ABC:
∠ACD is an exterior angle.
U
To show: 𝑚∠ACD = 𝑚∠A + 𝑚∠B
Construction: Draw a CE parallel to AB
Justification:
• ∠1 = ∠𝑥 [CE ∥ AB and AC is the transversal]
YJ
• ∠2 = ∠𝑦 [CE ∥ AB and BD is the transversal]
• ∠1 + ∠2 = ∠𝑥 + ∠𝑦 = 𝑚∠ACD
• Hence, 𝑚∠A + 𝑚∠B = 𝑚∠ACD

4.2. Angle Sum Property

B

The total measure of the three angles of a triangle is

180°.
A

B C
Consider ∆ABC:
Here, 𝑚∠A + 𝑚∠B + 𝑚∠C = 180°

59
 5. Triangle Inequalities

• The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is

greater than the length of the third side.
• The difference between the lengths of any two sides of
a triangle is smaller than the length of the third side.

'S
U B C

Consider ∆ABC:
YJ
• AB + BC > AC
• AC + BC > AB
• AB + AC > BC

• BC - AB < AC
• AC - BC < AB
AC – AB < BC
B

60
 6. Special Triangles

6.1. Equilateral Triangle

A triangle in which all the three sides are of equal lengths
is called an equilateral triangle.
A

'S
B C
Consider ∆ABC which is an equilateral triangle:
• AB = BC = CA
U
• ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°

6.2. Isoceles Triangle

YJ
A triangle in which two sides are of equal lengths is called
an isosceles triangle.
P
B

Q R
Consider ∆PQR which is an equilateral triangle:
• PQ = QR
• ∠Q = ∠R [i.e., base angles opposite to the equal sides
are equal]

61
 6. Special Triangles

6.3. Right-angled Triangle

A triangle in which one of its angle is called a right-angled
triangle.
• The side opposite to the right angle is called the
hypotenuse and the other two sides are known as the
legs of the right-angled triangle.
• In a right-angled triangle, the square on the
hypotenuse = sum of the squares on the legs. This is
known as Pythagoras’ Theorem.

'S
X

U
YJ
Y Z
Consider ∆XYZ which is a right-angled triangle:
• XZ is the hypotenuse
• ∠Y = 90°
• XZ2 = XY2 + YZ2
B

• In an equilateral triangle the medians and the

altitudes are the same.
• In an isosceles triangle the median from the
vertex joining the two equal sides bisects the base
at 90°.
• In a right-angled triangle the legs of the triangle
are two of the altitudes.

62
 Grade 07: Maths
Exam Important Questions
The Triangle and Its Properties

44
 The Triangle and Its Properties

Topic : Exam Important Questions

1. Find the value of 𝑥 in the given figure.

[2 marks]

 A. 10 cm

 B. 8 cm

 C. 6 cm

 D. 20 cm
By applying Pythagoras’ property:
2 2 2
x = (6 cm) + (8 cm)
2 2
⇒ x = 100 cm
⇒ x = 10 cm
[2 marks]

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

2. A 15 𝑚 long ladder reached a window 12 𝑚 high from the ground on placing it

against a wall at a distance 𝑎. Find the distance of the foot of the ladder from
the wall.

[2 marks]
Let the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall be 𝑎.
Now applying Pythagoras’ property:
2 2 2
(a) + (12 m) = (15 m)

[0.5 mark]
2 2 2
(a) + (12 m) = (15 m)

2 2 2
⇒ a = 225 m − 144 m
2 2
⇒ a = 81 m

⇒ a = 9 m
[1.5 marks]
Hence, the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall is 9 m.

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

3. A tree is broken at a height of 5 𝑚 from the ground and its top touches the
ground at a distance of 12 𝑚 from the base of the tree. Find the original height
of the tree.

[3 marks]
Let, the length of the broken part (inclined to the ground) be x.
[0.5 mark]

Applying Pythagoras’ theorem in the triangle formed,

2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ (5 m) + (12 m) = x ⇒ 25 m + 144 m = x

2 2
⇒ x = 169 m

⇒ x = 13 m
[1.5 marks]

Hence, the original height of the tree

= 5 m + 13 m = 18 m

[1 mark]

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

4. Which of the following can be the sides of a right-angled triangle?

(i) 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm
(ii) 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm
In the case of right-angled triangles, identify the right angles.
[4 marks]
(i) The sides of a right-angled triangle always follow Pythagoras’ property.
[0.5 mark]
Now, (2.5 cm) + (6 cm) 2 2

2 2
= 6.25 cm + 36 cm
2
= 42.25 cm
2
= (6.5 cm)

So, (2.5 cm) + (6 cm) = (6.5 cm)

2 2 2

Hence, these are the sides of a right-angled triangles.

The length of the hypotenuse is 6.5 𝑐𝑚.

[1.5 marks]

(ii) The sides of a right-angled triangle always follow Pythagoras’ property.

[0.5 mark]
Now, (2 cm) + (2 cm)
2 2

2 2
= 4 cm + 4 cm

2
= 8 cm
2
= (4√2 cm)

So, (2.5 cm) 2

+ (6 cm)
2
= (4√2 cm)
2
≠ 5 cm

Hence, these are not the sides of a right-angled triangles.

[1.5 marks]

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

5. The diagonals of a rhombus measure 16 cm and 30 cm. Find its perimeter.

[4 marks]
Given: Diagonals AC = 30 cm and DB = 16cm.
Since the diagonals of the rhombus bisect at right angle to each other.

DB 16
T heref ore, OD = = = 8 cm
2 2

AC 30
And, OC = = = 15 cm
2 2

[1 mark]

Now, in right angle triangle DOC,

2 2 2
(DC) = (OD) + (OC)

2 2 2
⇒ (DC) = (8) +)(15)

2
⇒ (DC) = 64 + 225 = 289

⇒ DC = √289 = 17 cm

[2 marks]
Perimeter of rhombus = 4 × side
= 4 × 17 = 68 cm
Thus, the perimeter of rhombus is 68 cm.
[1 mark]

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

6. AM is the median of triangle ABC. Is AB + BC + CA > 2AM?

[2 marks]
In △ABC we have two sub triangles △ABM and △AMC.

So, in triangle △ABM using the inequality of the triangle that the sum of any
two sides is always greater than or equal to the third side.

We have, AB+BM>AM ………….(1)

[0.5 mark]

Using the same in △AMC, MC+CA>AM ………….(2)

​[0.5 mark]

Adding equation (1) and (2), We get

AB+(BM+MC)+AC> 2AM
AB+BC+CA> 2AM

Hence AB+BC+CA> 2AM is proved to be true.

[1 mark]

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

7. The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 13 cm and 16 cm. The third side
should lie between 'a' cm and 'b' cm for the triangle to be formed. What will be
the value of a + b?

 A. 26

 B. 29

 C. 32

 D. 35
The third side of a triangle must be greater than the difference between the
other two sides.

That is, third side > (16 - 13) which is 3.

Also, the sum of lengths of any two sides of a triangle is always greater than
the third side.

That is, third side < (16 + 13) which is 29.

Hence, a + b = 3 + 29 = 32.

8. The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 6 cm and 8 cm. Between which two
numbers can length of the third side fall?
[3 marks]
We know that the sum of two sides of a triangle is always greater than the
third.

Therefore, third side has to be less than the sum of the two sides. The third
side is thus, less than 8 cm +6 cm = 14 cm.
[1 mark]

The side cannot be less than the difference of the two sides. Thus, the third
side has to be more than 8 cm – 6 cm = 2 cm.
[1 mark]

The length of the third side could be any length greater than 2 and less than
14 cm.

[1 mark]

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

9. The sides AB and AC of △ABC are produced to P and Q respectively.

The bisectors of exterior angle at B and C of △ABC meet at O.

1
Prove that : ∠BOC = 90° − ∠A.
2

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties
Solution:
According to the given figure and question, we have:

∘
∠CBP = 180 − ∠ABC
(BO is the bisector of ∠CBP)

1
∠CBO = ∠CBP
2

1
∘
∠CBO = (180 − ∠ABC)
2

1
∘
∠CBO = 90 − ∠ABC . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
2

∘
Similarly, ∠BCQ = 180 − ∠ACB

( CO is the bisector os ∠BCQ)

1
∠BCO = ∠BCQ
2

1
∘
∠BCO = (180 − ∠ACB)
2

1
∘
∠BCO = 90 − ∠ACB . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
2

∘
∠BOC = 180 − (∠CBO + ∠BCO)

1 1
∘ ∘ ∘
∠BOC = 180 − (90 − ∠ABC + 90 − ∠ACB)
2 2

1 1
∘ ∘
∠BOC = 180 − 180 + ∠ABC + ∠ACB
2 2

1
∠BOC = (∠ABC + ∠ACB)
2

∘
(We have : 180 − ∠BAC = ∠ABC + ∠ACB by triangle property)

1
∘
⇒ ∠BOC = (180 − ∠BAC)
2

1
∘
∴ ∠BOC = 90 − ∠BAC
2

Hence proved.

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Exam Important Questions
 The Triangle and Its Properties

10.
Find the value of the unknowns 𝑥 and y in the given triangle.

[2 marks]

Using Exterior Angle Property of a triangle.

⇒ 50° + x = 120°

⇒ x = 120° − 50°

⇒ x = 70° [1 mark]

Using the angle sum property of a triangle.

⇒ 50° + x + y = 180°

⇒ y = 180° − 50° − 70°

⇒ y = 60° [1 mark]

11. Think and answer the following questions.

I) Can you think of a triangle in which two altitudes of the triangle are two of its
sides?
II) Will an altitude always lie in the interior of a triangle?
[2 marks]
Right-angled triangle is the triangle in which two altitudes of the triangle are
two of its sides.
[1 mark]
No, altitude may lie in the interior or the exterior of a triangle.
[1 mark]

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Exam Important Questions
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Exercise 6.1 Page: 116

1. In Δ PQR, D is the mid-point of .

(i) is ___.

Solution:-

Altitude

An altitude has one endpoint at a vertex of the triangle and another on the line containing the opposite side.

(ii) PD is ___.

Solution:-

Median

A median connects a vertex of a triangle to the mid-point of the opposite side.

(iii) Is QM = MR?

Solution:-

No, QM ≠ MR because D is the mid-point of QR.

2. Draw rough sketches for the following:

(a) In ΔABC, BE is a median.

Solution:-

A median connects a vertex of a triangle to the mid-point of the opposite side.

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

(b) In ΔPQR, PQ and PR are altitudes of the triangle.

Solution:-

An altitude has one endpoint at a vertex of the triangle and another on the line containing the opposite side.

(c) In ΔXYZ, YL is an altitude in the exterior of the triangle.

Solution:-

In the figure, we may observe that for ΔXYZ, YL is an altitude drawn exteriorly to side XZ which is extended
up to point L.

3. Verify by drawing a diagram if the median and altitude of an isosceles triangle can be the same.

Solution:-
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Draw a line segment PS ⊥ BC. It is an altitude for this triangle. Here, we observe that the length of QS and
SR is also the same. So PS is also a median of this triangle.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Exercise 6.2 Page: 118

1. Find the value of the unknown exterior angle x in the following diagram:

(i)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= x = 50o + 70o

= x = 120o

(ii)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= x = 65o + 45o

= x = 110o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

(iii)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= x = 30o + 40o

= x = 70o

(iv)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= x = 60o + 60o

= x = 120o

(v)
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= x = 50o + 50o

= x = 100o

(vi)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= x = 30o + 60o

= x = 90o

2. Find the value of the unknown interior angle x in the following figures:

(i)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

= x + 50o = 115o

By transposing 50o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 50o

= x = 115o – 50o

= x = 65o

(ii)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= 70o + x = 100o

By transposing 70o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 70o

= x = 100o – 70o

= x = 30o

(iii)

Solution:-

We know that,
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

The given triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the angle opposite to the x is 90o.

= x + 90o = 125o

By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o

= x = 125o – 90o

= x = 35o

(iv)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

= x + 60o = 120o

By transposing 60o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 60o

= x = 120o – 60o

= x = 60o

(v)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

The given triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the angle opposite to the x is 90o.

= x + 30o = 80o

By transposing 30o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 30o

= x = 80o – 30o

= x = 50o

(vi)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

The given triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the angle opposite to the x is 90o.

= x + 35o = 75o

By transposing 35o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 35o

= x = 75o – 35o

= x = 40o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Exercise 6.3 Page: 121

1. Find the value of the unknown x in the following diagrams:

(i)

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= ∠BAC + ∠ABC + ∠BCA = 180o

= x + 50o + 60o = 180o

= x + 110o = 180o

By transposing 110o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 110o

= x = 180o – 110o

= x = 70o

(ii)
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

The given triangle is a right-angled triangle. So, the ∠QPR is 90o.

Then,

= ∠QPR + ∠PQR + ∠PRQ = 180o

= 90o + 30o + x = 180o

= 120o + x = 180o

By transposing 110o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 110o

= x = 180o – 120o

= x = 60o

(iii)

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= ∠XYZ + ∠YXZ + ∠XZY = 180o

= 110o + 30o + x = 180o

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

= 140o + x = 180o

By transposing 140o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 140o

= x = 180o – 140o

= x = 40o

(iv)

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= 50o + x + x = 180o

= 50o + 2x = 180o

By transposing 50o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 50o

= 2x = 180o – 50o

= 2x = 130o

= x = 130o/2

= x = 65o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

(v)

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= x + x + x = 180o

= 3x = 180o

= x = 180o/3

= x = 60o

∴ the given triangle is an equiangular triangle.

(vi)

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= 90o + 2x + x = 180o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

= 90o + 3x = 180o

By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o

= 3x = 180o – 90o

= 3x = 90o

= x = 90o/3

= x = 30o

Then,

= 2x = 2 × 30o = 60o

2. Find the values of the unknowns x and y in the following diagrams:

(i)

Solution:-

We know that,

An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

Then,

= 50o + x = 120o

By transposing 50o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 50o

= x = 120o – 50o

= x = 70o

We also know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= 50o + x + y = 180o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

= 50o + 70o + y = 180o

= 120o + y = 180o

By transposing 120o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 120o

= y = 180o – 120o

= y = 60o

(ii)

Solution:-

From the rule of vertically opposite angles,

= y = 80o

Then,

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= 50o + 80o + x = 180o

= 130o + x = 180o

By transposing 130o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 130o

= x = 180o – 130o

= x = 50o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

(iii)

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= 50o + 60o + y = 180o

= 110o + y = 180o

By transposing 110o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 110o

= y = 180o – 110o

= y = 70o

Now,

From the rule of linear pair,

= x + y = 180o

= x + 70o = 180o

By transposing 70o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 70o

= x = 180o – 70

= x = 110o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

(iv)

Solution:-

From the rule of vertically opposite angles,

= x = 60o

Then,

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= 30o + x + y = 180o

= 30o + 60o + y = 180o

= 90o + y = 180o

By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o

= y = 180o – 90o

= y = 90o

(v)
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Solution:-

From the rule of vertically opposite angles,

= y = 90o

Then,

We know that,

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= x + x + y = 180o

= 2x + 90o = 180o

By transposing 90o from LHS to RHS, it becomes – 90o

= 2x = 180o – 90o

= 2x = 90o

= x = 90o/2

= x = 45o

(vi)

Solution:-

From the rule of vertically opposite angles,

=x=y

Then,

We know that,
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

The sum of all the interior angles of a triangle is 180o.

Then,

= x + x + x = 180o

= 3x = 180o

= x = 180o/3

= x = 60o
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Exercise 6.4 Page: 126

1. Is it possible to have a triangle with the following sides?

(i) 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm

Solution:-

Clearly, we have

(2 + 3) = 5

5=5

Thus, the sum of any two of these numbers is not greater than the third.

Hence, it is not possible to draw a triangle whose sides are 2 cm, 3 cm and 5 cm.

(ii) 3 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm

Solution:-

Clearly, we have

(3 + 6) = 9 > 7

(6 + 7) = 13 > 3

(7 + 3) = 10 > 6

Thus, the sum of any two of these numbers is greater than the third.

Hence, it is possible to draw a triangle whose sides are 3 cm, 6 cm and 7 cm.

(iii) 6 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm

Solution:-

Clearly, we have

(3 + 2) = 5 < 6

Thus, the sum of any two of these numbers is less than the third.

Hence, it is not possible to draw a triangle whose sides are 6 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm.

2. Take any point O in the interior of a triangle PQR. Is

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

(i) OP + OQ > PQ?

(ii) OQ + OR > QR?

(iii) OR + OP > RP?

Solution:-

If we take any point O in the interior of a triangle PQR and join OR, OP, OQ.

Then, we get three triangles ΔOPQ, ΔOQR and ΔORP are shown in the figure below.

We know that,

The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.

(i) Yes, ΔOPQ has sides OP, OQ and PQ.

So, OP + OQ > PQ

(ii) Yes, ΔOQR has sides OR, OQ and QR.

So, OQ + OR > QR

(iii) Yes, ΔORP has sides OR, OP and PR.

So, OR + OP > RP

3. AM is a median of a triangle ABC.

Is AB + BC + CA > 2 AM?

(Consider the sides of triangles ΔABM and ΔAMC.)

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.

Now consider the ΔABM,

Here, AB + BM > AM … [equation i]

Then, consider the ΔACM

Here, AC + CM > AM … [equation ii]

By adding equations [i] and [ii], we get,

AB + BM + AC + CM > AM + AM

From the figure we have, BC = BM + CM

AB + BC + AC > 2 AM

Hence, the given expression is true.

4. ABCD is a quadrilateral.

Is AB + BC + CD + DA > AC + BD?

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.

Now consider the ΔABC,

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Here, AB + BC > CA … [equation i]

Then, consider the ΔBCD

Here, BC + CD > DB … [equation ii]

Consider the ΔCDA

Here, CD + DA > AC … [equation iii]

Consider the ΔDAB

Here, DA + AB > DB … [equation iv]

By adding equations [i], [ii], [iii] and [iv], we get,

AB + BC + BC + CD + CD + DA + DA + AB > CA + DB + AC + DB

2AB + 2BC + 2CD + 2DA > 2CA + 2DB

Take out 2 on both the side,

2(AB + BC + CA + DA) > 2(CA + DB)

AB + BC + CA + DA > CA + DB

Hence, the given expression is true.

5. ABCD is quadrilateral. Is AB + BC + CD + DA < 2 (AC + BD)

Solution:-

Let us consider ABCD as a quadrilateral, and P is the point where the diagonals intersect. As shown in the
figure below.

We know that,

The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.

Now consider the ΔPAB,

Here, PA + PB < AB … [equation i]

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Then, consider the ΔPBC

Here, PB + PC < BC … [equation ii]

Consider the ΔPCD

Here, PC + PD < CD … [equation iii]

Consider the ΔPDA

Here, PD + PA < DA … [equation iv]

By adding equations [i], [ii], [iii] and [iv], we get,

PA + PB + PB + PC + PC + PD + PD + PA < AB + BC + CD + DA

2PA + 2PB + 2PC + 2PD < AB + BC + CD + DA

2PA + 2PC + 2PB + 2PD < AB + BC + CD + DA

2(PA + PC) + 2(PB + PD) < AB + BC + CD + DA

From the figure, we have, AC = PA + PC and BD = PB + PD

Then,

2AC + 2BD < AB + BC + CD + DA

2(AC + BD) < AB + BC + CD + DA

Hence, the given expression is true.

6. The lengths of two sides of a triangle are 12 cm and 15 cm. Between what two measures should
the length of the third side fall?

Solution:-

We know that,

The sum of the length of any two sides is always greater than the third side.

From the question, it is given that two sides of the triangle are 12 cm and 15 cm.

So, the third side length should be less than the sum of the other two sides,

12 + 15 = 27 cm

Then, it is given that the third side can not be less than the difference of the two sides, 15 – 12 = 3 cm

So, the length of the third side falls between 3 cm and 27 cm.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Exercise 6.5 Page: 130

1. PQR is a triangle, right-angled at P. If PQ = 10 cm and PR = 24 cm, find QR.

Solution:-

Let us draw a rough sketch of a right-angled triangle.

By the rule of Pythagoras’ Theorem,

Pythagoras’ theorem states that for any right-angled triangle, the area of the square on the hypotenuse is
equal to the sum of the areas of squares on the legs.

In the above figure, RQ is the hypotenuse,

QR2 = PQ2 + PR2

QR2 = 102 + 242

QR2 = 100 + 576

QR2 = 676

QR = √676

QR = 26 cm

Hence, the length of the hypotenuse QR = 26 cm

2. ABC is a triangle, right-angled at C. If AB = 25 cm and AC = 7 cm, find BC.

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Solution:-

Let us draw a rough sketch of the right-angled triangle.

By the rule of Pythagoras’ Theorem,

Pythagoras’ theorem states that for any right-angled triangle, the area of the square on the hypotenuse is
equal to the sum of the areas of squares on the legs.

In the above figure, RQ is the hypotenuse,

AB2 = AC2 + BC2

252 = 72 + BC2

625 = 49 + BC2

By transposing 49 from RHS to LHS, it becomes – 49

BC2 = 625 – 49

BC2 = 576

BC = √576

BC = 24 cm

Hence, the length of the BC = 24 cm

3. A 15 m long ladder reached a window 12 m high from the ground on placing it against a wall at a
distance a. Find the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Solution:-

By the rule of Pythagoras’ Theorem,

Pythagoras’ theorem states that for any right-angled triangle, the area of the square on the hypotenuse is
equal to the sum of the areas of squares on the legs.

In the above figure, RQ is the hypotenuse,

152 = 122 + a2

225 = 144 + a2

By transposing 144 from RHS to LHS, it becomes – 144

a2 = 225 – 144

a2 = 81

a = √81

a=9m

Hence, the length of a = 9 m

4. Which of the following can be the sides of a right triangle?

(i) 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm

(ii) 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm

(iii) 1.5 cm, 2cm, 2.5 cm

In the case of right-angled triangles, identify the right angles.

Solution:-

(i) Let a = 2.5 cm, b = 6.5 cm, c = 6 cm

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Let us assume the largest value is the hypotenuse side, i.e., b = 6.5 cm.

Then, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

b2 = a2 + c2

6.52 = 2.52 + 62

42.25 = 6.25 + 36

42.25 = 42.25

The sum of squares of two sides of the triangle is equal to the square of the third side,

∴ the given triangle is a right-angled triangle.

The right angle lies on the opposite of the greater side, 6.5 cm.

(ii) Let a = 2 cm, b = 2 cm, c = 5 cm

Let us assume the largest value is the hypotenuse side, i.e. c = 5 cm.

Then, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

c2 = a2 + b2

52 = 22 + 22

25 = 4 + 4

25 ≠ 8

The sum of squares of two sides of the triangle is not equal to the square of the third side,

∴ the given triangle is not a right-angled triangle.

(iii) Let a = 1.5 cm, b = 2 cm, c = 2.5 cm

Let us assume the largest value is the hypotenuse side, i.e., b = 2.5 cm.

Then, by Pythagoras’ theorem,

b2 = a2 + c2

2.52 = 1.52 + 22

6.25 = 2.25 + 4

6.25 = 6.25

The sum of squares of two sides of the triangle is equal to the square of the third side,
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

∴ the given triangle is a right-angled triangle.

The right angle lies on the opposite of the greater side 2.5 cm.

5. A tree is broken at a height of 5 m from the ground, and its top touches the ground at a distance of
12 m from the base of the tree. Find the original height of the tree.

Solution:-

Let ABC is the triangle and B be the point where the tree is broken at the height of 5 m from the ground.

Treetop touches the ground at a distance of AC = 12 m from the base of the tree,

By observing the figure, we came to conclude that a right-angle triangle is formed at A.

From the rule of Pythagoras’ theorem,

BC2 = AB2 + AC2

BC2 = 52 + 122

BC2 = 25 + 144

BC2 = 169

BC = √169

BC = 13 m

Then, the original height of the tree = AB + BC

= 5 + 13

= 18 m

6. Angles Q and R of a ΔPQR are 25o and 65o.

Write which of the following is true:

(i) PQ2 + QR2 = RP2

 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

(ii) PQ2 + RP2 = QR2

(iii) RP2 + QR2 = PQ2

Solution:-

Given that ∠Q = 25o, ∠R = 65o

Then, ∠P =?

We know that sum of the three interior angles of a triangle is equal to 180o.

∠PQR + ∠QRP + ∠RPQ = 180o

25o + 65o + ∠RPQ = 180o

90o + ∠RPQ = 180o

∠RPQ = 180 – 90

∠RPQ = 90o

Also, we know that the side opposite to the right angle is the hypotenuse.

∴ QR2 = PQ2 + PR2

Hence, (ii) is true.

7. Find the perimeter of the rectangle whose length is 40 cm and a diagonal is 41 cm.

Solution:-
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Let ABCD be the rectangular plot.

Then, AB = 40 cm and AC = 41 cm

BC =?

According to Pythagoras’ theorem,

From the right angle triangle ABC, we have

= AC2 = AB2 + BC2

= 412 = 402 + BC2

= BC2 = 412 – 402

= BC2 = 1681 – 1600

= BC2 = 81

= BC = √81

= BC = 9 cm

Hence, the perimeter of the rectangle plot = 2 (length + breadth)

Where, length = 40 cm, breadth = 9 cm

Then,

= 2(40 + 9)

= 2 × 49

= 98 cm

8. The diagonals of a rhombus measure 16 cm and 30 cm. Find its perimeter.

Solution:-
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Let PQRS be a rhombus, all sides of the rhombus have equal length, and its diagonal PR and SQ are
intersecting each other at point O. Diagonals in the rhombus bisect each other at 90o.

So, PO = (PR/2)

= 16/2

= 8 cm

And, SO = (SQ/2)

= 30/2

= 15 cm
 NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 -
The Triangle and its Properties

Then, consider the triangle POS and apply the Pythagoras theorem,

PS2 = PO2 + SO2

PS2 = 82 + 152

PS2 = 64 + 225

PS2 = 289

PS = √289

PS = 17 cm

Hence, the length of the side of the rhombus is 17 cm

Now,

The perimeter of the rhombus = 4 × side of the rhombus

= 4 × 17

= 68 cm

∴ the perimeter of the rhombus is 68 cm.