1.

7 Momentum 79

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UNIT 1
CHAPTER 1.7

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MOMENTUM o
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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 80
EASY
Question 1

2 A footballer kicks a ball vertically upwards. Initially, the ball is stationary.

(a) His boot is in contact with the ball for 0.050 s. The average resultant force on the ball during
this time is 180 N. The ball leaves his foot at 20 m / s.

Calculate

(i) the impulse of the force acting on the ball,

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impulse = ...........................................................[2]

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(ii) the mass of the ball,

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mass = ...........................................................[2]
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(iii) the height to which the ball rises. Ignore air resistance.
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height = ...........................................................[3]

(b) While the boot is in contact with the ball, the ball is no longer spherical.

State the word used to describe the energy stored in the ball.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 81
EASY
Question 2

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hammer being used to drive a nail into a piece of wood.

hammer head

nail

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wood

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Fig. 2.1

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The mass of the hammer head is 0.15 kg.
The speed of the hammer head when it hits the nail is 8.0 m / s.
The time for which the hammer head is in contact with the nail is 0.0015 s.

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The hammer head stops after hitting the nail.

(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the hammer head.o

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change in momentum = ...........................................................[2]
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(b) State the impulse given to the nail.

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impulse = ...........................................................[1]

(c) Calculate the average force between the hammer and the nail.
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average force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 5]
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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 82
EASY
Question 3

3 (a) State what is meant by the principle of conservation of energy.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a girl throwing a heavy ball.

ball

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Fig. 3.1

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(i) State the energy changes that take place from when the girl begins to exert a force on
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the ball until the ball hits the ground and stops moving.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
ith

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................[2]
s

(ii) The mass of the ball is 4.0 kg. The girl exerts a force on the ball for 0.60 s. The speed of
the ball increases from 0 m / s to 12 m / s before it leaves the girl’s hand.
ic

Calculate:
ys

1. the momentum of the ball on leaving the girl’s hand

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momentum = ...........................................................[2]

2. the average resultant force exerted on the ball.

average resultant force = ...........................................................[2]

[Total: 7]
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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 83
EASY
Question 4
6

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a shooting competition, where air rifles fire soft metal pellets at distant targets.

target

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air rifle

Fig. 3.1

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When an air rifle is fired, it exerts an impulse of 0.019 N s on the pellet.

(a) Define impulse.

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...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]
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(b) The pellet has a mass of 1.1 × 10–4 kg.
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Determine:

(i) the speed with which the pellet leaves the rifle
ith
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speed = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) the kinetic energy of the pellet as it leaves the rifle.

s
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kinetic energy = ........................................................ [3]

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© UCLES 2019 0625/41/O/N/19

Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 84
EASY
Question 5

1 Fig. 1.1 shows an ice-hockey player moving on ice. He is preparing to hit the solid disc called a
puck.

ice-hockey player

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ice

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hockey stick
disc

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Fig. 1.1

The disc of mass 0.16 kg is moving horizontally across the surface of the ice at a speed of 15 m / s.

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the momentum of the disc.

o
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magnitude of momentum = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The hockey player strikes the disc with his hockey stick and the momentum of the disc
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changes. The disc gains momentum of 3.0 kg m / s at 45° to the original direction of travel of
the disc, as shown in Fig. 1.2.
s

direction of
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disc momentum gained

ys

45°
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original direction of travel

Fig. 1.2 (view from above)

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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 85

(i) State the magnitude of the impulse exerted on the disc and the direction, in degrees, of
the impulse relative to the original direction of travel.

magnitude of impulse = ...............................................................

direction of impulse: ............................ ° to original direction

[1]

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(ii) Determine the magnitude of the new momentum of the disc and its new direction relative

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to the original direction of travel by drawing a scale diagram.

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magnitude of new momentum = ...............................................................

direction of new momentum: ........................... ° to original direction

[4]

[Total: 7]
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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 86
MEDIUM
Question 6

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a dummy of mass 70 kg used in a crash test to investigate the safety of a new car.

passenger dummy
barrier compartment
windscreen

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Fig. 2.1

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The car approaches a solid barrier at 20 m / s. It crashes into the barrier and stops suddenly.

(a) (i) Calculate the momentum of the dummy immediately before the crash.

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momentum = ................................................................. [2]
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(ii) Determine the impulse that must be applied to the dummy to bring it to rest.
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impulse = ................................................................. [1]

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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 87

(b) In the crash test, the passenger compartment comes to rest in 0.20 s.

Calculate the deceleration of the passenger compartment.

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deceleration = ................................................................. [2]

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(c) The seat belt and air bag bring the dummy to rest so that it does not hit the windscreen.
2
The dummy has an average deceleration of 80 m / s .

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Calculate the average resultant force applied to the dummy, of mass 70 kg.

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force = ................................................................. [2]
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(d) The deceleration of the dummy is less than the deceleration of the passenger compartment.

Explain why this is of benefit for the safety of a passenger.

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...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 88
MEDIUM
Question 7

1 An aeroplane of mass 2.5 × 105 kg lands with a speed of 62 m / s, on a horizontal runway at time
t = 0. The aeroplane decelerates uniformly as it travels along the runway in a straight line until it
reaches a speed of 6.0 m / s at t = 35 s.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the deceleration of the aeroplane in the 35 s after it lands

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deceleration = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the aeroplane as it decelerates

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force = ......................................................... [2]

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(iii) the momentum of the aeroplane when its speed is 6.0 m / s.
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momentum = ......................................................... [2]

(b) At t = 35 s, the aeroplane stops decelerating and moves along the runway at a constant speed
of 6.0 m / s for a further 15 s.
ith

On Fig. 1.1, sketch the shape of the graph for the distance travelled by the aeroplane along
the runway between t = 0 and t = 50 s. You are not required to calculate distance values.
w

distance
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0
0 35 50
time / s

Fig. 1.1
[3]

© UCLES 2020 0625/41/M/J/20

Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 89
MEDIUM
Question 8

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a wooden trolley of mass 1.2 kg at rest on the rough surface of a bench.

trolley
ball

Fig. 2.1

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A ball of mass 0.52 g travels horizontally towards the trolley. The ball embeds itself in the wood of

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the trolley. The trolley moves with an initial speed of 0.065 m / s.

(a) Calculate:

(i) the impulse exerted on the trolley

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impulse = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) the speed of the ball as it hits the trolley.

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speed = ......................................................... [2]

(b) As the trolley moves across the rough surface, it slows down and stops.
w

Explain, in terms of the work done, the energy change that takes place as the trolley slows
down.

...................................................................................................................................................
s

...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]
Ph

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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 90
MEDIUM
Question 9

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a collision at very slow speed between two cars travelling along a straight road.

car B
car A

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Fig. 3.1

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Car B, of mass 800 kg, is moving at 2.0 m / s and collides with car A, of mass 1000 kg, which is
stationary. After the collision, both cars travel in the same direction as the initial direction of car B.

(a) After the collision, car A moves at 1.3 m / s.

o
Show that the speed of car B after the collision is approximately 0.4 m / s.
M
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w

[3]

(b) (i) Calculate the impulse exerted by car A on car B.

s
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impulse = ........................................................ [2]

(ii) State the impulse exerted by car B on car A.

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impulse = ........................................................ [1]

[Total: 6]

© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 91
HARD
Question 10

2 (a) Define impulse.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a rocket and its exhaust gases.

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rocket

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exhaust gases

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Fig. 2.1 o
The exhaust gases are emitted from the rocket with a velocity of 1400 m / s and at a rate
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of 2800 kg / s.

(i) Show that the force exerted on the rocket by the exhaust gases is 3900 kN.

State the equation you use.

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[2]
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(ii) Calculate the maximum mass that this force can lift from the ground. Ignore air resistance.
ys
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maximum mass = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali
1.7 Momentum 92
HARD
Question 11

1 (c) Some time later, the rocket is far from the Earth. The effect of the Earth’s gravity on the
motion of the rocket is insignificant. As the rocket accelerates, its momentum increases.

(i) State the principle of the conservation of momentum.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(ii) Explain how the principle of the conservation of momentum applies to the accelerating
rocket and the exhaust gases.

...........................................................................................................................................

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...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................... [2]
o [Total: 8]
M
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Cambridge IGCSE Physics Mohammed Ali

Classified Paper 4 Physics with Mo Ali