Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

BDwbU 4 ivmvqwbK mvi

BDwbU 4 ivmvqwbK Avgiv Rvwb Dw™¢` Zvi e„w× I wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ gvwU †_‡K Kgc‡¶ 16wU Lv`¨ Dcv`vb MªnY
mvi K‡i| gvwU‡Z Gme Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZ _vK‡j ev Dw™¢‡` AfveRwbZ j¶Y †`Lv w`‡j evB‡ii
Drm †_‡K mvi`ª‡e¨i AvKv‡i Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| G mvi`ªe¨ Kj-KviLvbvq ivmvqwbK
cÖwµqvq evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i evRviRvZ Kiv nq| Rwgi De©iZv e„w× I AwaK dmj
djv‡bvi Rb¨ Kj-KviLvbvq cÖ¯‘Z evRv‡i cÖvß mvi `ªe¨ Rwg‡Z e¨eüZ nq|
G BDwb‡U wewfbœ cv‡V ivmvqwbK mv‡ii msÁv, wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK mv‡ii bvg, ¸Yvejx,
Rwg‡Z ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q, Pyb cÖ‡qvM Ges ivmvqwbK mv‡ii DcKvwiZv I
AcKvwiZv m¤^‡Ü ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiKmn we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV 4.1 ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwiwPwZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dm‡dU I cUvk mg„× mvi¸‡jvi bv‡gi ZvwjKv ˆZix Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ g j Dcv`v‡bi kZKiv cwigvbmn †MŠY Dcv`vb mvi¸‡jvi bv‡gi ZvwjKv ˆZix Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
♦ GKvwaK Lv‡`¨vcv`vb mg„× mvimg~‡ni bv‡gi ZvwjKv ˆZix Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

dm‡ji djb evov‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvwUi De©iZv e„w×i Rb¨ Dw™¢‡`i GK ev GKvwaK AZ¨vek¨Kxq
Lv`¨ Dcv`vb mieiv‡ni j‡¶¨ Kj-KviLvbvq evwYwR¨Kfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z †h ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ Rwg‡Z
cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zv‡K ivmvqwbK mvi e‡j| mnR K_vq †h mKj mvi ivmvqwbK cÖwµqvq Kj-
KviLvbvq cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K ivmvqwbK mvi e‡j|

ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cÖKvi †f`

ivmvqwbK mvi wewfbœ
ivmvqwbK mvi wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i | Z‡e mvaviYZ Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i
cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i | Z‡e ivmvqwbK mv‡ii †kªbxwefvM Kiv nq| we‡kl ‡Kv‡bv Lv‡`¨vcv`vb mieivn Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j
mvaviYZ Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi †m RvZxq mvi e¨envi Kiv nq| Avgiv 2.2 cv‡V wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK mvi, Zv‡`i ivmvqwbK
Ici wfwË K‡i ivmvqwbK ms‡KZ I Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi cwigvY m¤^‡Ü †R‡bwQ| GLv‡b wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK mvi I Zv‡`i
mv‡ii †kªbxwefvM Kiv nq| e¨env‡ii gvÎv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi
Rwg‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mieiv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ mvi¸‡jv wbæiƒc-
µwgK bs mv‡ii bvg
1 BDwiqv
2 A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU
3 A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU bvB‡UªU
4 K¨vjwmqvg A¨v‡gvwbqvg bvB‡UªU
5 A¨v‡gvwbqvg †K¬vivBW
6 WvB-A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU
7 A¨vbnvBWªvm A¨v‡gvwbqv

HASHEM1.DOC 1
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

8 †mvwWqvg bvB‡UªU
9 cUvwkqvg bvB‡UªU

we‡k¦ e¨eüZ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mv‡ii g‡a¨ BDwiqv Ab¨Zg cÖavb Ges eûj e¨eüZ mvi| evsjv‡`‡k
e¨eüZ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mv‡ii g‡a¨I BDwiqv cÖavb| G QvovI Aí cwigvY A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU I
WvB-A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU I e¨eüZ nq| we‡k¦i DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i cÖvq
meKwU bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mviB e¨envi Kiv nq|

dm‡dU mvi
Rwg‡Z dmdivm mieiv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ mvi¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc -
µwgK bs mv‡ii bvg
1 mycvi dm‡dU
2 wUªcj mycvi dm‡dU ev wUGmwc
3 WvB-A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU ev wWGwc
4 g‡bv A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU
5 nvBcvi dm‡dU

dmdivm-RvZxq mv‡ii g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k wUGmwc, wWGwc Ges nvBcvi dm‡dU e¨eüZ nq|

cUvwkqvg mvi
Rwg‡Z e¨eüZ cUvwkqvgmg„× mvi¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc -
µwgK bs mv‡ii bvg
1 wgD‡iU Af cUvk ev Gg wc
2 cUvwkqvg mvj‡dU
3 cUvwkqvg bvB‡UªU
4 cUvwkqvg Kve©‡bU
5 cUvwkqvg evBKve©‡bU
6 cUvwkqvg g¨vM‡bwmqvg mvj‡dU

cUvwkqvgmg„× mv‡ii g‡a¨ cUvwkqvgmg„× mv‡ii g‡a¨ wgD‡iU Af cUvk evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ nq|
wgD‡iU Af cUvk bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm Ges cUvwkqvg mvi Qvov Ab¨vb¨ g~L¨ Dcv`vb †hgb - K¨vjwmqvg,
evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk g¨vM‡bwmqvg I mvjdvi mvi Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qv‡Mi †Zgb cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q bv| wKš‘ AvaywbKKv‡j
e¨eüZ nq|
&D”P djbkxj km¨ I wbweo dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ g„wËKv I K…wl e¨e¯’vq mvjdvi mv‡ii
e¨envi ïiæ n‡q‡Q| mvjdvimg„× mv‡ii g‡a¨ wRcmvg (18% mvjdvi) evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ
nq|

†MŠY Dcv`vb mvi

†MŠY Dcv`vb mvi g~L¨ Dcv`vb mv‡ii g‡ZvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z‡e G mvi e¨env‡i Lye mZK©Zv
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| Rwg‡Z †MŠY Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZ wbwðZfv‡e Rvbv Ges cwigvY m¤^‡Ü my®úó
aviYv _vKvi ciB G mvi e¨envi Kiv DwPZ|

HASHEM1.DOC 2
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

eZ©gv‡b e¨eüZ †MŠY Dcv`vb mvi¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc -

µwgK bs †MŠY Dcv`vb mv‡ii bvg
kZKivv g j Dcv`vb
1 †eviv· 11(B)
2 †evwiK A¨vwmW 17(B)
3 wR¼ mvj‡dU 36(Zn)
4 wR¼ A·vBW 78(Zn)
5 wR¼ Kve©‡bU 56(Zn)
6 A¨v‡gvwbqvg gwje‡WU 54(Mo)
7 †mvwWqvg gwje‡WU 46(Mo)
8 wKDwcÖK A·vBW 79(Cu)
9 Kcvi mvj‡dU 25(Cu)
10 †dwiK mvj‡dU 20(Fe)
11 †divm mvj‡dU 20(Fe)
12 g¨v½vwbR A·vBW 48(Mn)
13 g¨v½vwbR mvj‡dU 24(Mn)

Gme †MŠY Dcv`vb mvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k mPivPi †eviv·, †evwiK A¨vwmW, wR¼ A·vBW
Gme †MŠY Dcv`vb Ges wR¼ mvj‡dU e¨eüZ nq|
mvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k
mPivPi †eviv·, †evwiK wgkª mvi
A¨vwmW, wR¼ A·vBW Ges
wR¼ mvj‡dU e¨eüZ nq| KZK¸‡jv mvi Av‡Q †h¸‡jv †_‡K Dw™¢` GKvwaK Lv‡`¨vcv`vb cvq| G ai‡bi mvi¸‡jv wbæiƒc
-
µwgK bs mv‡ii bvg Lv‡`¨vcv`vb
1 A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I mvjdvi
2 WvB A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I dmdivm
3 K¨vjwmqvg bvB‡UªU K¨vjwmqvg I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
4 wUªcj mycvi dm‡dU dmdivm I K¨vjwmqvg
5 nvBcvi dm‡dU dmdivm I K¨vjwmqvg
6 cUvwkqvg mvj‡dU cUvwkqvg I mvjdvi
7 cUvwkqvg bvB‡UªU cUvwkqvg I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
8 wRcmvg K¨vjwmqvg I mvjdvi
9 wR¼ mvj‡dU wR¼ I mvjdvi

Abykxjb (Activity): Avcbvi Gjvq mPvivPi e¨eüZ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm I cUvwkqvgmg„×

mvi, †MŠY Dcv`vb mvi Ges GKvwaK Lv‡`¨vcv`vb mg„× mv‡ii bv‡gi ZvwjKv ˆZix Kiæb|

HASHEM1.DOC 3
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cv‡VvËi g j¨vqb -4.1

1| evsjv‡`‡k mvjdvi RvZxq Kx mvi e¨eüZ nq?
K) wRcmvg M) cUvwkqvg mvj‡dU
L) A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU N) wRsK mvj‡dU
2| †Kvb mvi †_‡K Dw™¢` bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I dmdivm GB `yBwU Lv‡`¨vcv`vb cvq?
K) nvBcvi dm‡dU M) wUGmwc
L) WvB A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU N) A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU
3| †evwiK A¨wm‡W Kx cwigvb †evib _v‡K?
K) 11% M) 17%
L) 14% N) 21%
4| wRsK mvj‡d‡U `¯Ívi cwigvb KZ _v‡K?
K) 18% M) 60%
L) 36% N) 78%

HASHEM1.DOC 4
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cvV 4.2 ivmvqwbK mv‡ii ¸Yvejx

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK mv‡ii ˆewkó¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ Rwg‡Z G mvi¸‡jv e¨envi Ki‡j gvwU‡Z Kx cÖwZwµqv nq Zv e¨vLv K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
Dw™¢` cywó Dcv`v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i eû cÖKv‡ii ivmvqwbK mvi i‡q‡Q| Z‡e e¨env‡ii
e¨vcKZv Abymv‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ivmvqwbK mvi mg n‡”Q BDwiqv, A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU, mycvi
dm‡dU ev AwW©bvwi mycvi dm‡dU, wUªcj mycvi dm‡dU, WvB-A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU, wgD‡iU
Af cUvk, wRcmvg, wR¼ mvj‡dU BZ¨vw`| Rwg‡Z e¨env‡ii c~‡e© G mKj mv‡ii ¸Yvejx
m¤^‡Ü my®úó aviYv _vKv `iKvi bZzev A‡bK mgq ¶wZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Avgiv GLv‡b G
mvi¸‡jvi ¸Yvejx Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

BDwiqv
ivmvqwbK mv‡ii g‡a¨ BDwiqv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi GwU; mviv-we‡k¦ eûj cwigv‡Y I
bvB‡Uªv‡RbRvZxq mv‡ii e¨vcK nv‡i e¨eüZ n‡”Q| GwU GKwU AwaK Nb bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi| bvB‡Uªv‡RbRvZxq mv‡ii
g‡a¨ BDwiqv‡ZB me‡P‡q g‡a¨ BDwiqv‡ZB me‡P‡q †ewk cwigv‡Y bvB‡Uªv‡Rb _v‡K| BDwiqv GK ai‡Yi mv`v `vbv`vi
†ewk cwigv‡Y bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
_v‡K| c`v_©| Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ag© n‡PQ - GwU cvwb MÖvnx c`v_©, evq i ms®ú‡k© Avm‡j evq †_‡K
cvwb MÖnY K‡i, Gi cvwb MÖnxZv msL¨v 25-30| hw`I G mvi mn‡RB cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq wKš‘
mvaviY Ae¯’vq GwU Rjxq ev®ž †kvlY K‡i bv Z‡e m¨vuZmu¨v‡Z AvenvIqvq `vbv M‡j †h‡Z
cv‡i| evRv‡i mPivPi cÖvߨ BDwiqvq bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cwigvY _v‡K 40-45%, Z‡e
ivmvqwbKfv‡e weï× BDwiqvq bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cwigvY _v‡K 46-47%| K…wÎg Dcv‡q Kj-
KviLvbvq Drcvw`Z mvi QvovI BDwiqv ‰Re ivmvqwbK †hŠM wn‡m‡e gvwU‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i|
M„ncvwjZ cïi g~‡Î BDwiqv _v‡K Ges gvwU G Drm †_‡KI BDwiqv cvq| Gw`K †_‡K wePvi
Ki‡j BDwiqv‡K ‰Re mvi wnmv‡eI aiv hvq| Z‡e mviv we‡k¦ Kj-KviLvbvq e¨vcKwfwˇZ G
mvi Drcvw`Z n‡PQ|
G mvi Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j gvwU‡Z ivmvqwbK wewµqv Qvov A‡bK dmjB mivmwi BDwiqv
wn‡m‡e GwU cwi‡kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov Mv‡Q bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi AfvRwbZ j¶Y cwijw¶Z n‡j
BDwiqvi `ªeY ˆZwi K‡i wmÂb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ mivmwi Dw™¢‡`i cvZvq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Dw™¢` cÎ -
i‡Ü«i gva¨‡g BDwiqv cwi‡kvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i| d‡j †ivMvµvšÍ I webó wkKohy³ Dw™¢` m‡ZR
n‡q hvq|
BDwiqv mvi gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci cvwbi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q ˆRe ivmvqwbK cÖwµqvq A¨v‡gvwbqvg
cÖ¯‘Z nq| Dw™¢` mvaviYZ bvB‡UªU I A¨v‡gvwbqvg AvKv‡i BDwiqv mvi MÖnY K‡i| A¨v‡gvwbqvg
cwiYZ nIqvi mgq wKQy cwigvY BDwiqvi evqexq AcPq msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z BDwiqvi
BDwiqv mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv
`ªyZ Ges ¯’vqxZ¡I Kg| ïay AcPqB nq bv DØvq‡bi mgq ex‡Ri A¼z‡iv`Mg ev Pviv Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i| Pybhy³ ¶vixq
cÖ‡qv‡Mi GK mßv‡ni gvwU‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨vm Drcbœ nq| Pyqvwbi gva¨‡gI BDwiqv bó nq, d‡j Rwg‡Z BDwiqv
g‡a¨B MvQ cwi‡kvlY ïiæ GKev‡i e¨envi bv K‡i K‡qKevi e¨envi Kiv nq| BDwiqv mv‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv `ªyZ Ges
K‡i| ¯’vqxZ¡I Kg| cÖ‡qv‡Mi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨B MvQ cwi‡kvlY ïiæ K‡i|

A¨‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU
GwU GKwU A‰Re bvB‡Uªv‡Rbhy³ ivmvqwbK mvi| c~‡e© G mv‡ii e¨envi e¨vcK wQj| BDwiqv
mvi cÖPjb nIqvi ci Gi e¨envi †bB ej‡jB P‡j| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU
a~mi n‡Z njy` ev Clr jvj‡P is Gi n‡q _v‡K| GwU GKwU `vbv`vi mvi Ges `vbv Lye k³

HASHEM1.DOC 5
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

e‡j G mvi gy³fv‡e M‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| GwU gvwU‡Z AèZ¡ m„wó K‡i| G mv‡i 21% bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
Ges 24% mvjdvi _v‡K| AèZ¡ m„wó K‡i e‡j G mvi Clr ¶vixq gvwU‡Z †ewk e¨envi nq| Pv,
Kwd Ges †jeyRvZxq dm‡ji Rb¨ A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU DËg| GwU cvwb‡Z mn‡R `ªexf‚Z nq|
cwb‡Z `ªyZ `ªexf‚Z nIqv m‡Ë¡I G mvi Pyqvwbi gva¨‡g bó nq bv KviY gvwUi K‡jv‡qW Øviv
A¨v‡gvwbqvg Avqb AvU‡K _v‡K| GwU GKwU `ªyZ Kvh©Kix bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi Ges 7-10 w`‡bi
g‡a¨ dm‡j cwi‡kvl‡Yi j¶Y †`Lv †`q| G mv‡ii cvwb MÖnxZv msL¨v 19.2|

mycvi dm‡dU
mycvi dm‡dU GKwU cÖvPxb mv`v-a~mi e‡Y©i dm‡dU mvi| G mvi‡K AwW©bvwi mycvi dm‡dUI
ejv nq| iK dm‡d‡Ui mv‡_ mvjwdDwiK A¨vwm‡Wi wewµqvi d‡j G mvi Drcv`b Kiv nq|
dmdwiK A¨vwm‡Wi cwigvY Abyhvqx wZb ai‡bi mycvi dm‡dU mvi Drcbœ nq| mycvi dm‡dU
ev AwW©bvwi mycvi dm‡d‡U dmdwiK A¨vwm‡Wi cwigvY _v‡K 18%, Wej mycvi dm‡d‡U
32% Ges wUªcj mycvi dm‡d‡U 48% _v‡K| GwU GKwU wbi‡c¶ mvi Ges ax‡i ax‡i cvwb‡Z
`ªexf‚Z nq| cÖvq 80% dmdivm cvwb‡Z `ªebxq| gvwUi wc.GBP. 5.5-7.5 Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡jB
†Kej G mvi e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| mycvi dm‡dU mv‡i 8% dmdivm Av‡Q| dmdivm QvovI
Mv‡Qi cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`¨vcv`vb K¨vjwmqvg I mvjdvi G mv‡i we`¨vgvb| G mv‡i K¨vjwmqvg I
mvjdvi h_vµ‡g 20% I 12% _v‡K| dm‡d‡Ui Dcw¯’wZ Kg e‡j G mv‡ii e¨envi K‡g
†M‡Q| GgbwK wUGmwc mv‡ii e¨vcK e¨env‡ii d‡j G mv‡ii e¨envi †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Z‡e
G mv‡i mvjdv‡ii Dcw¯’wZ GKwU we‡kl myweav|
Rjxq `ªe‡Y AwW©bvwi mycvi dm‡d‡Ui Aègvb 3.0 Ges Av`ª©Zv 12%| AwW©bvwi mycvi dm‡dU
mvi K‡qKgvm e¯Ívq f‡i †d‡j ivL‡j Zv k³ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov mv‡ii Aèxq `ªe¨ e¯ÍviI
¶wZ mvab K‡i|

wUªcj mycvi dm‡dU

G mvi wUGmwc bv‡gB eûj cwiwPZ Ges dmdivmRvZxq cÖavb ivmvqwbK mvi| e¨env‡ii w`K
iK dm‡d‡Ui mv‡_ †_‡K BDwiqvi ciB Gi ¯’vb| iK dm‡d‡Ui mv‡_ dmdwiK A¨vwm‡Wi wewµqv NwU‡q
dmdwiK A¨vwm‡Wi wewµqv
ewYwR¨Kfv‡e KviLvbvq G mvi Drcv`b Kiv nq Ges mycvi dm‡d‡Ui †P‡q G‡Z wZb¸Y
NwU‡q ewYwR¨Kfv‡e
KviLvbvq G mvi Drcv`b dmdwiK A¨vwmW _vKvq G bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G mv‡i 45% dm‡dU Ges 14% K¨vjwmqvg
Kiv nq Ges mycvi _v‡K| GwU `vbv`vi, †MvjvK…wZ Ges a~mi ev †g‡U i‡Oi| Z‡e ev`vwg ev mv`v i‡OiI n‡Z
dm‡d‡Ui †P‡q G‡Z cv‡i| KvuPvgvj iK dm‡d‡Ui eY©MZ ˆewkó¨ Abymv‡i mv‡ii e‡Y© cv_©K¨ nq| cvDWvi wn‡m‡e
wZb¸Y dmdwiK A¨vwmW wUGmwc evRv‡i cvIqv hvq Z‡e cvDWv‡ii †P‡q `vbvRvZxq mvi AwaK RbwcÖq| `vbv
_vKvq G bvgKiY Kiv
ga¨gvKvi hvi d‡j gvwU‡Z wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z myweav nq| `vbvi Av`©ªZv LyeB Kg Ges `vbv
n‡q‡Q|
†ek k³ e‡j G mvi bvovPvov, cwienY, msi¶Y I cÖ‡qvM †ek myweavRbK| G mv‡i ‡Kv‡bvI
welv³ Dcv`vb _vKvi m¤¢vebv Kg e‡j bvovPvovq nv‡Z †Zgb cÖwZwµqv †`Lv hvq bv| G mv‡ii
MÜ Aèxq| wUGmwc mvi k‡m¨ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Gi cÖfve cÖvq 8/9 gvm ch©šÍ ejer _v‡K| G mvi
e¨env‡i dm‡d‡Ui Pyqvwb ev Ab¨vb¨ DØvqx AcPq LyeB Kg ev †bB ej‡jB P‡j Ges cwigv‡Y
wKQyUv †ewk n‡q †M‡jI dm‡j welv³Zv †`Lv †`qvi m¤¢vebv Kg|

WvB-A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU
GwU dmdivm I G mvi wWGwc mvi bv‡gI cwiwPZ| GwU dmdivm I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Dfq Lv‡`¨vcv`vbB mieivn
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Dfq K‡i| G mv‡i weï× Ae¯’vq 54% dm‡dU Ges 20% bvB‡Uªv‡Rb _v‡K| wUGmwc mvi †hgb
Lv‡`¨vcv`vbB mieivn
K‡i| G mv‡i weï× RgvU euv‡a G mvi †Zgb RgvU euv‡a bv d‡j ¸`vgRvZ I cwienY Zyjbvg jKfv‡e mnR| GwU
Ae¯’vq 54% dm‡dU Ges GKwU `vbv`vi mvi Ges Rwg‡Z wQwU‡q cÖv‡qvM Kiv nq| G mv‡i bvB‡Uªv‡Rb I dm‡dU
20% bvB‡Uªv‡Rb _v‡K| gy³fv‡e GKwU ivqvwbK e¯‘ wn‡m‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i d‡j mv‡i †KvbI AcPq N‡U bv| G mvi Lye

HASHEM1.DOC 6
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

Aèvfvevcbœ gvwU‡Z e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq KviY `ªebxq dmdiv‡mi AwaKvsk gvwU‡Z Ave× n‡q
hvq| ZvQvov Pybhy³ gvwU‡Z G mvi Dchy³ bq KviY dmdivm K¨vjwmqv‡gi mv‡_ Ave× nq|
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨vmiƒ‡c bó n‡Z cv‡i Ges †Kv‡bv ‡Kv‡bv ex‡Ri A¼z‡iv`M‡g ¶wZ
Ki‡Z cv‡i| G mvi gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci A¨v‡gvwbqv I dm‡dU Mv‡Qi MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq|

wgD‡iU Ae cUvk
G mv‡ii ivmvqwbK bvg G mv‡ii ivmvqwbK bvg cUvwkqvg †K¬vivBW| GwU †`L‡Z aymi jvj ev B‡Ui ¸u‡ovi g‡Zv
cUvwkqvg †K¬vivBW| G `vbv`vi| †ewkw`b ¸`v‡g ivL‡j GwU k³ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| G mv‡ii g‡a¨ 60 % cUvk _v‡K|
mv‡ii g‡a¨ 60 % cUvk G mvi cvwbMªvnx hvi d‡j evqygÛj †_‡K Av`©ªZv MÖnY K‡i wm³ n‡q e¯Ívq `jv †e‡a hvIqvi
_v‡K| m¤¢vebv _v‡K| Z‡e my² `vbv wewkó Ggwc mv‡ii cvwbMÖnxZv Kg| G mv‡ii `vbvi AvKvi ¶z`ª
†_‡K ga¨g ¶z`ª n‡Z cv‡i| nvZ w`‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j G mv‡i †KvbI Amyvweav †bB| G mv‡i
†Zgb DMÖ ev welv³ MÜ †bB| Aè gvwU‡Z G mvi †ewk Dc‡hvMx Z‡e ¶vi gvwU‡Z e¨envi Ki‡j
ˆRe c`v‡_©i mv‡_ e¨envi Kiv fv‡jv|

wRcmvg
weï× wRcmvg Av‡jv‡Z GwU GKwU mvjdviRvZxq ivmvqwbK mvi| G mv‡ii eY© a~mi mv`v Ges cvZjv KzwPi g‡Zv|
wKQyUv wPKwPK K‡i| wKQyUv `vbv`viI †`Lvq| weï× wRcmvg Av‡jv‡Z wKQyUv wPKwPK K‡i| nvZ w`‡j G mvi †Kvgj
wRcmvg mv‡i 18% Abyf‚Z nq| wRcmvg mv‡i 18% mvjdvi I 33% K¨vjwmqvg _v‡K| wRcmvg e¨envi Ki‡j
mvjdvi I 33% M܇Ki NvUwZ c~iY n‡q dm‡ji ¯^vfvweK e„w× Z¡ivwš^Z nq Ges wkK‡oi we¯Ívi nq| gvwUi
K¨vjwmqvg _v‡K|
¸Yvejx‡Z wRcmvg mv‡ii †Zgb cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv hvq bv Z‡e Gi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z K¨vjwmqvg
¯^vfvweKfv‡e g„wËKv mshyw³ Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i| GwU e¨env‡ii d‡j †ZjexRRvZxq dm‡ji
DcKvi nq Ges †Zj Drcv`b e„w× K‡i| G mvi euvavKwc I kvjM‡gi djb evovq I imyb-
†cqv‡Ri SuvS (pungency) evovq| MÜK NvUwZm¤úbœ Rwg‡Z av‡bi exRZjvq wRcmvg mvi
e¨envi Ki‡j Pviv mej I m‡ZR nq|

`¯Ív mvi
G mvi e¨env‡i GKwU
`¯Ív mvi `vbv`vi I mv`v e‡Y©i nq| `¯Ív mv‡ii g‡a¨ e¨env‡ii w`K †_‡K wR¼ mvj‡dU I wR¼
AwZwi³ myweav n‡jv †Kv‡bv
A·vBW we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wR¼ mvj‡dU mv‡i 36% `¯Ív I 18% MÜK _v‡K| Avi wR¼
Rwg‡Z `¯ v I mvjvdvi
A·vB‡W `¯Ívi cwigvY _v‡K A‡bK ‡ewk A_©vr 78%| Z‡e `¯Ív mvi wn‡m‡e wR¼ A·vB‡Wi
Df‡qi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡j
†mLv‡b G mviwU e¨envi †P‡q me©Î wR¼ mvj‡dU AwaK e¨eüZ nq| G mvi e¨env‡i GKwU AwZwi³ myweav n‡jv †Kv‡bv
Ki‡jB Df‡qi NvUwZ cyiY Rwg‡Z `¯Ív I mvjvdvi Df‡qi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡j †mLv‡b G mviwU e¨envi Ki‡jB Df‡qi
nq| NvUwZ cyiY nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq gvÎvi †P‡q †ewk e¨envi Ki‡j dm‡j welwµqv m„wó nIqvi
m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K|
Abykxjb (Activity): Avcbvi GjvKvq av‡bi Rwg‡Z mvavibZ Kx Kx mvi e¨eüZ nq? G
mvi¸‡jvi cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvb Ges D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ¸bvejx wjLyb|

HASHEM1.DOC 7
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.2

1| BDwiqv mvi Rwg‡Z GKev‡i cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i K‡qK ev‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq †Kb?

K) Pzqvwbi gva¨‡g bó nq e‡j M) MÖn‡bvc‡hvMx n‡Z †`ix nq e‡j|
L) MvQ `ªyZ MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j N) gvwU‡Z ms‡hvRb n‡q hvq e‡j|
2| A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU †Kvb RvZxq dm‡j DËg?
K) avb M) Pv
L) cvU N) Mg
3| Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci wUGmwc mv‡ii cÖfve KZw`b ch©šÍ ejer _v‡K?
K) 3/4 gvm M) 7/8 gvm
L) 5/6 gvm N) 8/9 gvm
4| †Kvb mvi imyb wcqv‡Ri SuvS evovq?
K) BDwiqv M) Ggwc
L) wUGmwc N) wRcmvg
5| wRsK A·vBW mv‡i Kx cwigvb `¯Ív _v‡K?
K) 18% M) 60%
L) 36% N) 78%

HASHEM1.DOC 8
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cvV 4.3 ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Kx Kx Z_¨ Rvbv `iKvi Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q Kivi c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q Kivi c ‡e© Avgv‡`i wKQy welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e †hgb -
ivmvqwbK we‡køl‡Yi ci gvwUi cywó Dcv`vb gvb ev De©iZv gvb, dm‡ji cÖK…wZ I RvZ
BZ¨vw`| cywó Dcv`vb gv‡bi wfwˇZ Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY I mvi mycvwik Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
mycvwikK…Z mv‡i cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvYI Rvb‡Z n‡e |
gvwUi ivmvqwbK we‡køl‡Yi ci gvwUi cywó Dcv`vb gvb wbæ, ga¨g I DËg aiv nq| Z‡e †Kv‡bv
cywó Dcv`v‡bi Dcw¯’wZ LyeB mvgvb¨ ev k ‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ _vK‡j Zv‡K wKwÂZ Ges Dˇgi
AwaK _vK‡j Zv‡K AwZwi³ aiv nq| †Kv‡bv Rwg‡Z cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY wKwÂZ n‡j mvi
mycvwik wbæ gv‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i Kiv nq| cywó Dcv`v‡bi gvÎv AwZwi³ n‡j mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi
mycvwik bv KivB fv‡jv |
D`vniY¯^iƒc aiv hvK, gvwUi ivmvqwbK we‡køl‡Yi ci GKwU Rwgi cywó Dcv`vb gvb wbæiƒc
cvIqv †Mj -
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ga¨g
dmdivm DËg
cUvwkqvg DËg
MÜK wbæ
`¯ v wbæ
aiv hvK, RwgwU‡Z D”P djbkxj †ev‡iv Pvl Kiv n‡e Ges djb gvÎv 5.5-7.0 Ub/†n±i
mvi mycvwi‡ki Rb¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gevi wbe©vwPZ dmj I wba©vwiZ djbgvÎvi Rb¨ RwgwUi cywó Dcv`vb gvb
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv wn‡m‡e mvi mycvwik Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| mvi mycvwi‡ki Rb¨ evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv KvDwÝj
KvDwÝj (BARC) KZ…©K (BARC) KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ dvwU©jvBRvi wiK‡g‡Ûkb MvBW A_ev K…wl wefvM ev Ab¨ †KvbI K…wl
cÖKvwkZ dvwU©jvBRvi ms¯’v †_‡K cÖKvwkZ wbqg AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e |
wiK‡g‡Ûkb MvBW A_ev
K…wl wefvM ev Ab¨ †KvbI bgybv¯^iƒc DwjøwLZ dmj I djb gvÎvi Rb¨ Rwgi cywógvb wn‡m‡e mvi mycvwik (†KwR/†n±i)t
K…wl ms¯’v †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Rwgi cywó bvB‡Uªv‡Rb(N) dmdivm cUvk (K2O ) MÜK (S) `¯Ív (Zn)
wbqg AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e | Dcv`vb gvb (P2O5)
wb¤œ 140 100 100 30 4
ga¨g 100 80 60 15 4
DËg 80 60 40 - -

ivmvqwbK we‡køl‡Yi djvdj Abymv‡i wbe©vwPZ RwgwU‡Z wba©vwiZ dmj I djbgvÎvi Rb¨ mvi
mycvwik (†KwR/‡n±i) t
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb (N) dm‡dU (P2O5) cUvk (K2O) MÜK (S) `¯Ív (Zn)
100 60 40 30 4

cywó Dcv`vb wfwËK mv‡ii Drm I mv‡i cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY

HASHEM1.DOC 9
Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cywó Dcv`vb Drm

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb BDwiqv (46% bvB‡Uªv‡Rb)
dmdivm wUGmwc (45% dm‡dU ev P2O5)
cUvwkqvg Ggwc (60% cUvk ev K2O)
MÜK wRcmvg (18% MÜK)
`¯Ív wRs¼ mvj‡dU (36% `¯Ív, 18% MÜK)

DwjøwLZ Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ Gevi Avgiv wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q Ki‡ev|

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q

Avgiv Rvwb BDwiqv‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cwigvY 46 % A_©vr 100 †KwR BDwiqv‡Z 46 †KwR
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Av‡Q| mvi mycvwik Abyhvqx 100 †KwR bvB‡Uªv‡Rb cÖ‡qvRb Ges †mRb¨ BDwiqv
mv‡ii cwigvY n‡e|
×
= 217.40 †KwR BDwiqv/†n±i

dmdivm mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q

wUGmwc-†Z 45 % dm‡dU _v‡K A_©vr 100 †KwR wUGmwc-†Z 45 †KwR dm‡dU Av‡Q| mvi
mycvwik Abyhvqx 60 †KwR dm‡dU cÖ‡qvRb Ges †mRb¨ wUGmwc-i cwigvY n‡e -
×
= 133.33 †KwR wUGmwc/‡n±i

cUvk mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q

Ggwc mv‡i cUv‡ki cwigvY _v‡K 60 % A_©vr 100 †KwR Ggwc-†Z 60 †KwR cUvk Av‡Q|
mvi mycvwik Abyhvqx 40 †KwR cUvk cÖ‡qvRb Ges †mRb¨ Ggwc mv‡ii cwigvY n‡e -
×
= 66.66 †KwR Ggwc/†n±i

MÜK mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q

wRcmv‡g M܇Ki cwigvY _v‡K 18 % A_©vr 100 †KwR wRcmv‡g 18 †KwR MÜK Av‡Q| mvi
mycvwik Abyhvqx 30 †KwR MÜK cÖ‡qvRb Ges †mRb¨ wRcmvg mv‡ii cwigvY n‡e -
×
= 166.66 †KwR wRcmvg/†n±i

`¯Ív mv‡ii cwigvY wbY©q

wR¼ mvj‡d‡U `¯Ívi cwigvY _v‡K 36% A_©vr 100 †KwR wRsK mvj‡d‡U 36 †KwR `¯Ív
Av‡Q| mvi mycvwik Abyhvqx 4 †KwR `¯Ívi cÖ‡qvRb Ges †mRb¨ mvj‡d‡Ui cwigvY n‡e -
×
= 11.11 †KwR wRsK mvj‡dU/†n±i
wRsK mvj‡d‡U 18% MÜK _v‡K| hLb Rwg‡Z 11.11 †KwR wRsK mvj‡dU/‡n±i e¨envi Kiv
×
n‡e ZLb G cwigvY wRsK mvj‡dU †_‡K = 2.0 †KwR MÜKI cvIqv hv‡e|

HASHEM1.DOC 10
Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

G‡¶‡Î Rwg‡Z mycvwikK…Z MÜK mv‡ii cwigvY wVK ivL‡Z n‡j wRcmvg †_‡K M܇Ki
×
cwigvY 30 - 2 = 28 †KwR/†n±i Kwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e| myZivs Rwg‡Z G Ae¯’vq -
= 155.55 †KwR wRcmvg/†n±i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY Abyhvqx DwjøwLZ Rwg‡Z wba©vwiZ dmj I djb gvÎvi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi mv‡ii
cwigvYt
mvi †KwR/†n±i †KwR/GKi
BDwiqv 217.40 88.01
wUGmwc 133.33 53.97
Ggwc 66.66 26.98
wRcmvg 155.55 62.97
wRsK mvj‡dU 11.11 4.49
†KwR/†n±i mv‡ii cwigvY‡K 2.47 w`‡q fvM Ki‡j †KwR/GKi mv‡ii cwigvY cvIqv hvq|
Abykxjb (Activity): Aby‡gvw`Z cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvb cÖwZ †n±‡i bvB‡Uªv‡Rb 80 †KwR,
dmdivm 60 †KwR, cUvwkqvg 40 †KwR, MÜK 15 †KwR Ges `¯Ív 4 †KwR wn‡m‡e `yÕ†n±i
Rwg‡Z †ivcv Avgb avb Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq BDwiqv, wUGmwc, Gg wc, wRcmvg Ges wRsK
mvj‡d‡Ui wbY©q Kiæb|

HASHEM1.DOC 11
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cv‡VvËi g j¨vqb 4.3

1| †KvbI Rwg‡Z cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvb wKwÂr n‡j mvi mycvwik wK‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i
Kiv nq?
K) wb¤œgv‡bi Dci L) k~‡b¨i Dci
M) ga¨‡gi Dci N) dm‡ji cÖKv‡ii Dci
2| wbw`©ó dmj I djbgvÎvi Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvb †Kv_v †_‡K cvIqv
hvq?
K) BARC M) BARI
L) BAU N) BRRI
3| mv‡ii cwigvb †KwR/‡n±i _vK‡j Kx fv‡e †KwR/GK‡i iæcvšÍwiZ Ki‡eb?
K) 2.47 †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e M) 2.47 Øviv ¸b Ki‡Z n‡e
L) 2.47 we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e N) 2.47 Øviv fvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

HASHEM1.DOC 12
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cvV 4.4 Pyb cÖ‡qvM

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ K…wl‡Z Pyb ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ Rwg‡Z e¨eüZ PzbRvZxq c`v_©¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ Rwg‡Z Pyb cÖ‡qv‡Mi DcKvwiZv I AcKvwiZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Pyb kãwUi A_© wewfbœfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq| imvqb we`¨vq K¨vjwmqvg A·vBW‡K Pyb e‡j wKš‘
K…wl‡¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i, GKRb K…lK ev GKRb g„wËKv weÁvbx K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU‡K K…wl Pyb
ey‡Sb Ges 90% Gi †ewk K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU K…wl Pzb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| Rwg‡Z e¨eüZ Pyb
RvZxq c`v_©¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc -
imvqb we`¨vq K¨vjwmqvg 1) K¨vjwmK Pybvcv_i ev ¸u‡ov Pybvcv_i
A·vBW‡K Pyb e‡j wKš‘
K…wl‡¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i, 2) W‡jvgvBU Pybv cv_i
GKRb K…lK ev GKRb 3) KzBK jvBg
g„wËKv weÁvbx K¨vjwmqvg
Kve©‡bU‡K K…wl Pyb ey‡Sb| 4) KwjPyb
5) PK (big Pybvcv_i †_‡K nq)
6) †ewmK úvM
7) †Kvivj †Lvmv jvBg
8) Kv‡Vi QvB, wSbyK P‚Y© BZ¨vw`

Pyb cÖ‡qv‡Mi DcKvwiZv

AwZ Aè gvwU dmj djv‡bvi Rb¨ †gv‡UB Dc‡hvMx bq| G ai‡bi gvwU dmj djv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx
AwZ Aè gvwU dmj djv‡bvi
Rb¨ †gv‡UB Dc‡hvMx bq| Ki‡Z n‡j Aèxq gvb Kwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e Ges Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ Pzb cÖ‡qvMB cÖ_g c`‡¶c| gvwUi
G ai‡bi gvwU dmj Aègvb Kgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Dw™¢‡`i Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi cÖvc¨Zv †e‡o hvq| Rwg‡Z Pzb cÖ‡qv‡M
djv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z
n‡j Aèxq gvb Kwg‡q †h mg¯Í DcKvi nq Zv n‡jv t
Avb‡Z n‡e Ges Kgv‡bvi • Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j gvwU‡Z dmdiv‡mi cÖvc¨Zv A‡bK e„w× cvq| Aèxq gvwU‡Z dmdivm
Rb¨ Pzb cÖ‡qvMB cÖ_g cÖvc¨Zv LyeB Aí| G RvZxq gvwU‡Z dmdivm `ªexf‚Z ‡jvnv I A¨vjywgwbqv‡gi mv‡_ hy³
c`‡¶c|
Ae¯’vq _v‡K| Pyb cÖ‡qv‡M ‡jvnv Ges A¨vjywgwbqvg Kg `ªexf‚Z nq Ges Aí dmdivm G
mKj A`ªeYxq e¯‘i mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K d‡j dmdivm cÖvc¨Zv †e‡o hvq|
• Pyb cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j Mv‡Qi cUvwkqvg cywó e„w× cvq|
• Pyb gvwU‡Z K¨vjwmqvg Ges g¨vM‡bwmqvg mieivn K‡i|
• GwUi cÖ‡qv‡M ˆRe c`v_© we‡hvRb Z¡ivwš^Z nq Ges bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cwigvY e„w× cvq|
• GwU gvwUi ciRxex e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Kvh©vejx Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i| wg_‰RweK Ges Awg_ˆRweK
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ms‡hvRbKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqvi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ms‡hvRb ¶gZv e„w× cvq d‡j
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cwigvYI e„w× cvq|
• A‡bKw`b hver Rwg‡Z Pyb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z _vK‡j Rwgi ‡fŠZ Ae¯’vi DbœwZ nq, AvqZbx
NbZ¡ K‡g hvq, Rwgi AbycÖ‡ek ¶gZv Ges Abymªeb nvi †e‡o hvq|
• ¶wZKviK A¨vjywgwbqvg, g¨v½vwbR Ges †jvnv Pyb cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j A`ªeYxq nq Ges G‡`i
¶wZKviK ¶gZv K‡g hvq|

HASHEM1.DOC 13
Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

• GwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j f‚wg¶qI n«vm cvq|

• gvwUi gwje‡Wbvg cÖvc¨Zv Pyb cÖ‡qv‡M e„w× cvq|

Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi AcKvwiZv

Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi DcKvwiZvi cvkvcvwk Gi AcKvwiZv m¤^‡ÜI Avgv‡`i Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Pzb
cÖ‡qv‡Mi AcKvwiZv¸jv wbæiƒc t
• AwZ gvÎvq Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Rwg‡Z Dw™¢‡`i MÖn‡Yvc‡hvMx ‡jvnv, g¨v½vwbR, Zvgv I
`¯ vi NvUwZ †`Lv hvq|
• dmdiv‡mi cÖvc¨Zv Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gvÎv evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ K‡g hvq|
• AwZ gvÎvq Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j cUvwkqvg I †evib AvniY K‡g hvq Ges cywó evavcÖvß nq|
¶wZKviK wKQy e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Kvh©¶gZv Pzb cÖ‡qv‡M e„w× cvq| we‡kl K‡i †Mvj Avjyi ¯‹¨ve
†ivM m„wóKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqvi KvR Z¡ivwš^Z nq|

P‚‡bi cwigvY wbY©q

†Kv‡bv Rwg‡Z Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY wbY©‡qi c~‡e© †h mKj welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq Zv wbæiƒc-
• g„wËKvi Dcwifv‡Mi Ges wb‡Pi gvwUi wc GBP, eybU, mshywZ³ Ges ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvY
• dm‡ji cÖK…wZ
• P‚‡bi cÖKvi I m‚²Zv
• P‚‡bi Li‡Pi ci A_©‰bwZK jvf
• gvwUi evdvi wewµqv

e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx Pzb wbe©vPb

P‚‡bi g‡a¨ †KvbwU e¨venv‡ii Dc‡hvMx Zv Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Pzb wbe©vPb Kivi
cy‡e© †hme welq we‡ePbv Kiv nq Zv wb¤œiƒc -
• P‚‡bi g~j¨
• Pz‡bi m~²Zv
• bvovPvov I msi¶‡Yi myweav
• `ªyZ Kvh©KvwiZv
• gvwU I dm‡ji cÖK…wZ
• mnRcÖvc¨Zv A_©vr mieivn I Drm
• dm‡ji Dci cÖfve

Pz‡bi cwigvY wbY©q

mdjfv‡e dmj Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨ Rwg‡Z Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ gvwUi wbh©vm‡hvM¨ AèZ¡
(Extractable acidity) †ei Kiv I Pz‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Kivi c×wZ wb‡P µgvbymv‡i †`qv n‡jv
-
K. IN KCl `ªeY cÖ¯‘ZKiY
1. 100 wg. wj. GKwU weKvi wbb

HASHEM1.DOC 14
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

2. 74.5 MÖvg KCl jeY weKv‡i ivLyb

3. 100 wg. wj. cvwZZ cvwb w`‡q GKwU KuvP`‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ weKv‡i jeYUzKz cy‡ivcywi
`ªexf‚Z K‡i 1 wjUvi AvqZbx d¬v‡¯‹ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i `vM ch©šÍ cvwZZ cvwb †hvM Kiæb| GUvB
IN KCl `ªeY|
L. gvwUi wbh©vm (Soil extract) cÖ¯‘ZKiY t
1. XvKbvmn GKwU c­vw÷K †evZj wbb
2. 2.5 MÖvg gvwUi bgybv †evZ‡j Xvjyb
3. 25 wg. wj. IN KCl `ªeY D³ †evZ‡j Xvjyb Ges shaker Gi mvnv‡h¨ 10 wgwbU
bvovPvov Kiæb
4. AZtci †Pvl KvM‡Ri (Filter paper) mvnv‡h¨ 50 wg. wj. AvqZbx d¬v‡¯‹ gvwUi
wbh©vm msMÖn Kiæb|
M. gwUi wbh©vm‡hvM¨ AèZ¡ wba©viY t
ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY -
1. 0.01 N NaOH `ªeY t 0.4 MÖvg NaOH ¶vi‡K cvwZZ cvwb w`‡q 1 wjUvi AvqZbx
d¬v‡¯‹ `ªexf‚Z K‡i 0.01 N NaOH `ªeY cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|
2. wb‡`©kK `ªeY (Indicator solution) t 50 wg. wj. cwigvY 60% B_vb‡j 1 MÖvg
†d‡bvc‡_wjb (Phenolphthaline) `ªwef‚Z K‡i B_vbj w`‡q 100 wg. wj. AvqZb Ki€b|
g„wËKv wbh©vm‡K 0.01 N NaOH w`‡q UvB‡Uªkb KiY (Titration) -
1. cÖ_‡g 10 wg. wj. &BwikªyZ gvwUi wbh©vm I 15 wg. wj. cvwZZ cvwb 100 wg. wj.
KwbK¨vj d¬v‡¯‹ wbb|
2. Gici 3-4 †duvUv †d‡bvc‡_wjb wb‡`©kK gvwUi wbh©v‡m †hvM Kiæb|
3. ey‡i‡U c ‡e© cÖ¯‘Z K…Z 0.01 N NaOH wb‡q UvB‡Uªkb Kiæb| †d‡bvc‡_wjb wb‡`©kK
Aèxq cwi‡e‡k eY©nxb wKš‘ ¶ixq cwi‡e‡k pink eY© aviY K‡i| AZGe UvB‡Uªk‡b NaOH
cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci ¯’vqx pink eY© aviY Kivi ci eyS‡Z n‡e UvB‡Uªkb mgvß n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvMK…Z
NaOH Gi cwigvY (wg. wj.) nj meq wbh©vm‡hvM¨ AèZ¡/100 MÖvg gvwU‡Z|
hw` wbh©vm‡hvM¨ AèZ¡ 0.2 meq/100 MÖvg gvwUi AwaK nq Zvn‡j CaCO3 (K…wl Pzb)
Gi cwigvb wb‡¤œv³ m~Î w`‡q wba©viY Kiv hvq -
g‡b Kwi, gvwUi wbh©vm‡hvM¨ AèZ¡ = 0.25 meq/100 MÖvg gvwU‡Z Zvn‡j cÖwZ 100
MÖvg gvwU‡Z CaCO3 Gi Pvwn`v = 0.25×0.1 MÖvg
. × . ×
myZivs 1000 MÖvg (1 †KwR) gvwU‡Z CaCO3 Gi Pvwn`v = MÖvg=0.25 MÖvg

15 †m. wg . MfxiZv wewkó Avgiv Rvwb, 15 †m. wg . MfxiZv wewkó GK †n±i gvwUi Pzjøx ïK‡bv IRb AvbygvwbK 2×106
GK †n±i gvwUi Pzjxø ïK‡bv (20,000,00) †KwR Zvn‡j 20,00,000 †KwR gvwU‡Z (GK †n±i Rwg) CaCO3 Gi Pvwn`v
IRb AvbygvwbK 2×106 . × ,
(20,000,00) †KwR| = 0.25×20,00,000 MÖvg = †KwR = 500 †KwR

HASHEM1.DOC 15
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.4

1| K…wl Pzb †KvbwU?

K) K¨vjwmqvg A·vBW M) K¨vjwmqvg nvBWª·vBW
L) K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU N) K¨vjwmqvg dm‡dU
2| Rwg‡Z Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Kx cwieZ©b nq?
K) AèZ¡ ev‡o M) AèZ¡ K‡g
L) ¶viKZ¡ K‡g N) wbi‡c¶ _v‡K
3| Pzb cÖ‡qvM †Kvb Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi cÖvc¨Zv ev‡o?
K) bvB‡Uªv‡Rb M) cUvwkqvg
L) dmdivm N) g¨vM‡bwmqvg
4| Pzb cÖ‡qv‡M †Kvb †MŠb Dcv`v‡bi cÖvc¨Zv e„w× cvq?
K) `¯Ív M) Avqib
L) †evib N) gwje‡Wbvg

HASHEM1.DOC 16
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cvV 4.5 ivmvqwbK mv‡ii DcKvwiZv I AcKvwiZv

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ ivmvqwbK mvi n‡Z Avgiv Kx Kx DcKvi cvB Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ gvwU‡Z ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cÖfve m¤^‡Ü wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ ivmvqwbK mvi e¨env‡ii d‡j Kx Kx AcKvi n‡Z cv‡i Zv eY©bv cvi‡eb|

DcKvwiZv
ivmvqwbK mv‡ii DcKvwiZv A‡bK| ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Kivi c~‡e© wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK
mv‡ii DcKvwiZv m¤^‡Ü my®úó Ávb _vKv `iKvi| Zv bv n‡j Rwg I dm‡ji ¶wZ nIqvi
m¤¢vebv _v‡K| ivmvqwbK mv‡ii DcKvwiZv¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc -
• Rwg‡Z ivmvqwbK mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci Lye Aí mg‡q Gi cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq| Rwg‡Z
Dcw¯’Z dmj Lye `ªyZ Gi DcKvi cvq| BDwiqv mvi e¨envi Kivi K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ MvQ
meyR I m‡ZR n‡q I‡V|
• ivmvqwbK mv‡i AvqZ‡bi Zzjbvq Lv‡`¨vcv`b ‡ewk _v‡K d‡j ‡ewk cwigvY mvi Avbv †bqv
Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q bv| ZvQvov D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi Rb¨ ‡ewk Lv‡`¨vcv`vb
cÖ‡qvRb nq e‡j ivmvqwbK mvi GLv‡b LyeB Kvh©Kix|
• gvwUi cÖKvi, AvenvIqv cÖf…wZ we‡ePbvmv‡c‡¶ Dw™¢‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx ivmvqwbK mvi
cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq|

A‡bK ivmvqwbK mvi,

• A‡bK ivmvqwbK mvi, †hgb- BDwiqv Ges wKQy †MŠY Dcv`vb mvi Dw™¢‡`i AfveRwbZ
†hgb- BDwiqv Ges wKQy j¶Y †`Lv †`qvi ci cvZvi Dci †¯žÖ K‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Ges Zvr¶wYKfv‡e MvQ Zv
†MŠY Dcv`vb mvi Dw™¢‡`i
AfveRwbZ j¶Y ©†`Lv MªnY K‡i Afve c iY K‡i|
†`qvi ci cvZvi Dci †¯úÖ
K‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Ges • ivmvqwbK mvi gvwUi De©iZv e„w× K‡i|
Zvr¶wYKfv‡e MvQ Zv MªnY • ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Kivi d‡j `ªyZ Lv‡`¨vcv`vb gvwU‡Z mieivn nq hvi d‡j gvwUi
K‡i Afve c iY K‡i| AYyRxe¸‡jvi cwigvY I Kvh©vejx e„w× cvq|
• ivmvqwbK mvi, we‡kl K‡i BDwiqv gvwUi ˆRe c`v_© we‡hvR‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
• `ª€Z ea©bkxj I ¯^í †gqv`x dm‡j ivmvqwbK mvi LyeB Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
• ivmvqwbK mvi cwienb I msi¶Y Kiv myweavRbK|
• KZK¸‡jv ivmvqwbK mvi, we‡kl K‡i wUGmwc gvwUi mshyw³ DbœZ K‡i, AvqZbx NbZ¡
Kgvq Ges gvwU‡K big Ki‡Z mnvqZv `vb K‡i|
• wUGmwc mvi g„wËKv `ªe‡Yi wKQyUv ivmvqwbK fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i|
• Dw™¢‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wgkª mylg ivmvqwbK mvi Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e|
• Rwg‡Z Lv‡`¨vcv`v‡bi NvUwZ ‡ewk _vK‡j ivmvqwbK mvi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mvi Zv c iY Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|

HASHEM1.DOC 17
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

AcKvwiZv
me ai‡bi ivmvqwbK mv‡ii AcKvwiZv GKB ai‡bi bq| KviY wewfbœ Lv‡`¨vcv`vb wewfbœ
cÖKvi ivmvqwbK wµqvq Ask MÖnY K‡i Z‡e wKQy wKQy ivmvqwbK mv‡ii AcKvwiZv GKB
ai‡bi| wb‡æ wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK mv‡ii AcKvwiZv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
• ivmvqwbK mvi Kj KviLvbvq ewYwR¨Kfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z nq e‡j Gi `vg Lye ‡ewk Ges Zv
Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki K…lK‡`i µq ¶gZvi evB‡i P‡j hvq|

ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi • ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Kivi c ‡e© g„wËKvi cÖKvi, dm‡ji cÖK…wZ, e¨eüZ mvi I e¨env‡ii
Kivi c~‡e© g„wËKvi cÖKvi, mgq m¤^‡Ü my¯úó avibv bv _vK‡j ev gvÎv ‡ewk n‡j g„wËKv I dmj Df‡qi ¶wZ nq|
dm‡ji cÖK…wZ, e¨eüZ mvi
I e¨env‡ii mgq m¤^‡Ü • ivmvqwbK mvi e¨envi Kivi d‡j welv³Zv †`Lv †`q Ges cwi‡ek ` wlZ nq|
my¯úó avibv bv _vK‡j ev
gvÎv ‡ewk n‡j g„wËKv I • ivmvqwbK mv‡ii e¨envi c×wZ m¤^‡Ü fv‡jv Ávb bv _vK‡j e¨enviKvixi ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i|
dmj Df‡qi ¶wZ nq| mvi e¨env‡ii mgq LyeB mveavbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq|
• BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi ci we‡hvR‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q gvwUi wcGBP K‡g hvq Ges
Aègvb †e‡o hvq| d‡j Dw™¢‡`i ¶wZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| G ai‡bi Aègvb e„w× KwP ev
Pviv MvQ mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
• BDwiqv mvi Pybhy³ ¶vixq gvwU‡Z A¨v‡gvwbqv M¨vm I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g
Dw™¢‡`, we‡kl K‡i A¼yigvb exR I Pviv Mv‡Q welv³Zv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• Ab¨vb¨ mv‡ii †P‡q ivmvqwbK mv‡ii AcPq nIqvi m¤¢vebv ‡ewk _v‡K| †hgb- BDwiqv
mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ci ciB AwZe„wó ev AwZ †mP BDwiqvi AcPq NUvq|

HASHEM1.DOC 18
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.5

1| †Kvb RvZxq dm‡j ivmvqwbK mvi LyeB Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i?

K) `ªyZ ea©bkxj I ¯^í‡gqv`x dmj M) eo eo Dw™¢`
L) `xN© †gqv`x dmj N) `vbvRvZxq dmj
2| †Kvb RvZxq mvi gvwU‡K big ivL‡Z ivL‡Z mnvqZv `vb K‡i?
K) BDwiqv M) Ggwc
L) wUGmwc N) wRcmvg
3| †Kvb RvZxq mvi g„wËKv `ªe‡bi ivmvqwbK fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i?
K) BDwiqv M) Ggwc
L) wUGmwc N) wRcmvg
4| BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM Kivi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q gvwUi Kx cwieZ©b nq?
K) wcGBP K‡g hvq M) wbi‡c¶ _v‡K
L) wcGBP †e‡o hvq N) evdvi ¶gZv ev‡o|

HASHEM1.DOC 19
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

e¨envwiK

cvV 4.6 ivmvqwbK mv‡ii cwiwPwZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
♦ wewfbœ cÖKvi ivmvqwbK mv‡ii evwn¨K ¸Yvejx cix¶v K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
♦ ivmvqwbK mv‡ii †fŠZ ˆewkó¨ cix¶v K‡i mvi kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kv‡Ri avc
cÖ_‡g evsjv‡`‡k mPivPi e¨eüZ ivmvqwbK mvi¸‡jv Kuv‡Pi A_ev c­vwó‡Ki ¯^”Q cv‡Î †i‡L
Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e evwn¨K ¸Yvejx cix¶v K‡i wjLyb|
BDwiqv
eY© t D¾¡j mv`v e‡Y©i †`Lvq|
BDwiqv D¾¡j mv`v e‡Y©i,
A¨v‡gvwbqvi SuvSv‡jv AvK…wZ t `vbv`vi, `vbv †MvjvKvi Ges A‡bKUv mv¸ `vbvi g‡Zv|
MÜwewkó `vbv`vi mvi| Abyf‚wZ t LmL‡m, wcw”Qj Abf‚Z nq|
MÜ t A¨v‡gvwbqvhy³ SvuSv‡jv MÜ cvIqv hvq|
¯^v` t ¯^v`nxb|
`jve×Zv t big `jv euv‡a Ges nvZ w`‡q wUc w`‡j mn‡RB `jv †f‡½ hvq|
cvwbMÖvnxZv t cvwbMªvnx| m¨vuZm¨uv‡Z AvenvIqv‡Z †Lvjv ivL‡j evqy †_‡K cvwb MÖnY K‡i
wf‡R hvq Ges `jv M‡j hvq| Z‡e mvaviY Ae¯’vq Rjxq ev®ú MÖnY K‡i
bv|
`ªeYxqZv t cvwb‡Z AwZ mn‡RB `ªexf‚Z nq|
DØvqb t DØvqx Ges mvgvb¨ Zv‡c DØvwqZ nq|
wjUgvm cix¶v t G cix¶vq eY© cwiewZ©Z nq bv|
Pyb cix¶v t BDwiqvi m‡½ Pyb wgkv‡j A¨v‡gvwbqvi MÜ cvIqv hvq|
A¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU
eY© t nvjKv a mi †_‡K njy` ev Aí jvj‡P †`Lvq|
AvK…wZ t `vbv`vi, `vbv Lye k³ Ges gy³fv‡e Mwo‡q hvq|
Abyf‚wZ t k³, LmL‡m, Agm„Y Abyf‚Z nq|
MÜ t A¨v‡gvwbqv Ges mvjdvihy³ SvuSv‡jv MÜ cvIqv hvq|
¯^v` t Aèxq ¯^v` Abyf‚Z nq|
`jve×Zv t Kg, mn‡R `jv euv‡a bv|
cvwbMÖvnxZv t LyeB Aí|
`ªeYxqZv t cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq|
DØvqb t LyeB Aí DØvwqZ nq|
wjUgvm cix¶v t GwU AèZ¡ m„wó K‡i Ges G cix¶v Aèxq|
Pyb cix¶v t G mv‡ii m‡½ Pyb wgwk‡q nv‡Z Nl‡j A¨v‡gvwbqvi MÜ cvIqv hvq|

HASHEM1.DOC 20
 Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

wUªcj mycvi dm‡dU (wU Gm wc)

wU Gm wc aymi ev †g‡U eY© t mvaviYZ a mi ev †g‡U i‡Oi Z‡e ev`vwg ev mv`v i‡Oi n‡Z cv‡i|
i‡Oi k³ I †MvjvK…wZi AvK…wZ t k³, `vbv`vi, †MvjvK…wZ, `vbvi AvKvi ga¨gvKvi hvi d‡j wQwU‡q cÖ‡qvM
`vbv`vi mvi|
Ki‡Z myweav nq|
Abyf‚wZ t ïK‡bv, Agm„Y, k³ Ges fvwi|
MÜ t LyeB Aí MÜ cvIqv hvq|
¯^v` t ¯^v`nxb|
`jve×Zv t `jv euva‡Z cv‡i|
cvwbMÖvnxZv t LyeB Kg|
`ªeYxqZv t cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq|
DØvqb t †Zgb DØvwqZ nq bv|
wjUgvm cix¶v t Aèxq|
Pzb cix¶v t cwieZ©b nq bv|
WvB-A¨v‡gvwbqvg dm‡dU (wW G wc ev W¨vc)
eY© t Mvp a mi e‡Y©i|
AvK…wZ t `vbv`vi|
Abyf‚wZ t ïK‡bv, Agm„Y|
MÜ t LyeB Aí|
¯^v` t mvgvb¨ Aèxq ¯^v` Abyf‚Z nq|
`jve×Zv t †Zgb `jv euv‡a bv d‡j ¸`vgRvZKiY I cwienY Zyjbvg jKfv‡e
mnR|
cvwbMÖvnxZv t Kg, Z‡e AvenvIqv Abyhvqx ga¨g|
`ªeYxqZv t cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq|
DØvqb t Aí|
wjUgvm cix¶v t nvjKv Aèxq|
Pyb cix¶v t Pyb wgkv‡j A¨v‡gvwbqvi MÜ cvIqv hvq|
wgD‡iU Ae cUvk
eY© t a~mi jvj ev B‡Ui ¸u‡ovi g‡Zv jvj|
wgD‡iU Ae cUvk aymi
jvj ev B‡Ui ¸u‡ovi g‡Zv AvK…wZ t `vbv`vi, `vbvi mgZv †bB|
jvj i‡Oi `vbv`vi mvi| Abyf‚wZ t ïK‡bv, Agm„Y|
Gi `vbvi mgZv †bB|
MÜ t DMÖ ev welv³ MÜ †bB|
¯^v` t ¯^v`nxb, Z‡e mvgvb¨ SvuSv‡jv Abyf‚Z nq|
`jve×Zv t evqygÛj †_‡K Av`ª©Zv MªnY K‡i wm³ n‡q e¯Ívq `jv euv‡a|
cvwbMÖvnxZv t G mvi cvwbMÖvnx Ges cvwbMÖvnxZv ga¨g|
`ªeYxqZv t cvwb‡Z mn‡RB `ªeYxq|
DØvqb t LyeB Kg|
wjUgvm cix¶v t †Kv‡bvI cwieZ©b nq bv|

HASHEM1.DOC 21
Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

Pyb cix¶v t Pyb wgkv‡j †K¬vwi‡Yi MÜ cvIqv hvq|

wRcmvg
eY© t a~mi mv`v Ges cvZjv KzwPi g‡Zv| weï× wRcmvg Av‡jv‡Z wKQyUv wPK
wPK K‡i|
AvK…wZ t wVK `vbv`vi bq, P‚Y© `vbvi gZ †`Lvq Z‡e Amg|
Abyf‚wZ t nvZ w`‡j †Kvgj †ikwg Abyf‚Z nq|
MÜ t Kg|
¯^v` t †bB ej‡jB P‡j| mvgvb¨ Aèxq Abyf‚Z n‡Z cv‡i|
`jve×Zv t Kg|
cvwbMÖvnxZv t cvwbMÖvnx bq|
`ªeYxqZv t cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq
DØvqb t Kg|
wjUgvm cix¶v t †Kv‡bvI cwieZ©b nq bv|
Pyb cix¶v t cwieZ©b †bB|
wR¼ mvj‡dU
eY© t mv`v|
AvK…wZ t my² `vbv`vi|
MÜ t MÜnxb|
¯^v` t mvgvb¨ Agèxq ¯^v` cvIqv hvq|
`jve×Zv t `jv euv‡a bv|
cvwbMÖvnxZv t cvwbMÖvnx bq|
`ªeYxqZv t cvwb‡Z ¯^vfvweKfv‡e `ªexf‚Z nq|
wjUgvm cix¶v t nvjKv Aèxq|
Pyb cix¶v t †Kv‡bvI cwieZ©b nq bv|

HASHEM1.DOC 22
Dw™¢` cywó I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv

PzovšÍ g~j¨vqb
msw¶ß I iPbvg jK cÖkœ
1| ivmvqwbK mv‡ii msÁv w`b| ivmvqwbK mvi‡K Kxfv‡e †kªbx wefvM Kiv nq Zv ejyb|
2| bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm, cUvwkqvg, †eviY Ges `¯Ív RvZxq mvi †_‡K mPivPi e¨eüZ `ywU
K‡i mv‡ii bvg wjLyb|
3| dmdivm I K¨vjwmqvg Dfq Lv‡`¨vcv`vb wewkó `yBwU mv‡ii bvg ejyb|
4| Rwg‡Z BDwiqv mvi G‡Kev‡i cÖ‡qvM bv K‡i K‡qKev‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq †Kb ejyb|
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Qvov BDwiqv Ab¨ †Kvb we‡kl c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j ejyb|
5| AwW©bvix mycvi dm‡dU mv‡i kZKiv KZfvM dmdivm, K¨vjwmqvg I mvjdvi _v‡K Zv
D‡jøL Kiæb | AwW©bvix mycvi dm‡d‡Ui mv‡_ wUªcj mycvi dm‡d‡Ui cÖavb cv_©K¨ Kx?
6| wW G wc ev W¨vc mv‡ii e¨env‡i cÖavb myweav Kx? Agèxq ev Pybhy³ gvwU‡Z wW G wc mvi
e¨envi Kiv nq bv †Kb Zvi KviY D‡jøL Kiæb|
7| wgD‡iU Ae cUvk mvi †Lvjv Ae¯’vq ivL‡j Kx cwieZ©b nq Zv D‡j­L Kiæb| †Kvb
gvwU‡Z wgD‡iU Af cUvk mvi ‡ewk Dc‡hvMx, Aèxq bv ¶vixq ?
8| wRcmvg mvi †Kvb RvZxq k‡m¨i Ges Kx ai‡bi DcKv‡i Av‡m ? `¯Ív mv‡ii g‡a¨ wR¼
Av·vB‡Wi †P‡q wR¼ mvj‡d‡Ui e¨envi DËg ‡Kb ejyb|
9| cywó Dcv`v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i gvwU‡K Kxfv‡e †kªYx wefvM Kiv nq ejyb |
10| K…wl Pzb ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? K…wl‡Z e¨eüZ K‡qKwU Pzb RvZxq c`v‡_©i bvg ejyb| Rwg‡Z
Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kivi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
11| gvwUi ˆRweK a‡g©i Dci Pzb cÖ‡qvM Kx cÖfve †d‡j Zv ejyb|
12| Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi AcKvwiZv¸wj e¨vL¨v K‡i ejyb|
13| ivmvqwbK mvi e¨env‡ii cÖavb cÖavb myweav¸‡jv Kx Kx Zv D‡jøL Kiæb|
14| ivmvqwbK mvi e¨env‡i gvwUi †fŠZ a‡g©i Kx Kx DbœwZ nq Zv D‡jøL Kiæb|
15| ivmvqwbK mvi e¨env‡ii d‡j Avgv‡`i Kx Kx AcKvi nÕ†Z cv‡i Zv eywS‡q ejyb|
DËi gvjv t
BDwbU -4
cvV 4.1 : 1| (K) 2| (L) 3| (M) 4| (L)
cvV 4.2 : 1| (K) 2| (M) 3| (N) 4| (N) 5| (N)
cvV 4.3 : 1| (K) 2| (K) 3| (N)
cvV 4.4 : 1| (K) 2| (M) 3| (L) 4| (N)
cvV 4.5 : 1| (K) 2| (L) 3| (L) 4| (K)

HASHEM1.DOC 23