15th Edition

Understanding Computers
Today and Tomorrow
Comprehensive

Chapter 5
System Software:
Operating Systems and
Utility Programs

Deborah Morley
Charles S. Parker Copyright 2015 CengageLearning
 Learning Objectives

1. Understand the difference between system software and

application software.
2. Explain the different functions of an operating system and
discuss some ways that operating systems enhance
processing efficiency.
3. List several ways in which operating systems differ from one
another.
4. Name today’s most widely used operating systems for
personal computers and servers.

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 2

 Learning Objectives

5. State several devices other than personal computers and

servers that require an operating system and list one possible
operating system for each type of device.
6. Discuss the role of utility programs and outline several tasks
that these programs perform.
7. Describe what the operating systems of the future might be
like.

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 3

 Overview

• This chapter covers:

– Differences between system software and application
software
– Functions of and general differences between operating
systems
– Specific operating systems most widely used today
– Functions of and various types of utility programs
– A look at future of operating systems

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 4

 System Software vs. Application
Software
• System Software
– The operating system and utility programs that control a
computer system and allow you to use your computer
• Enables the boot process, launches applications,
transfers files, controls hardware configuration,
manages files on the hard drive, and protects from
unauthorized use
• Application Software
– Programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a
computer
• Word processing, playing games, browsing the Web,
listening to music, etc.
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 5
 The Operating System

• Operating System
– A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the
activities taking place within a computer
– Acts as an
intermediary
between the
user and the
computer and
between the
application programs
and system hardware

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 6

 Functions of an Operating System

• Interfacing with Users (typically via a GUI)

• Booting the Computer
– Loads essential part of operating system (kernel) into
memory
– Reads opening batch of instructions
– Determines hardware connected to computer
• Configuring Devices
– Device drivers are often needed; can be reinstalled if
needed
– Plug and Play devices are recognized automatically

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 7

 Functions of an Operating System

• Managing Network Connections

– Manages wired connections to home or office network
– Manages wireless connections at home, school, work, or
on the go
• Managing and Monitoring Resources and Jobs
– Makes resources available to devices and programs
– Monitors for problems and attempts to correct those that
arise
– Schedules jobs
• Jobs to be printed
• Files to be retrieved from hard drive

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 8

 Functions of an Operating System

• File Management
– Keeps track of stored files on computer so they can be
retrieved when needed
• Files usually viewed in a hierarchical format
• Security
– Passwords
– Biometric characteristics
– Firewalls

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 9

 Functions of an Operating System

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 10

 Processing Techniques for Increased
Efficiency
• Multitasking
– The ability of an operating system to have more than one
program (task) open at one time
• CPU rotates between tasks
• Switching is done quickly
• Appears as though all programs executing at the same
time

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 11

 Processing Techniques for Increased
Efficiency
• Multiprocessing and Parallel Processing
– Multiple processors (or multiple cores) are used in one
computer system to perform work more efficiently
– Tasks are performed sequentially

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 12

 Processing Techniques for Increased
Efficiency

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 Processing Techniques for Increased
Efficiency
• Memory Management
– Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM)
– Virtual memory
• Memory-management technique that uses hard drive
space as additional RAM

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 15

 Differences Among Operating
Systems
• Command Line Interface
– Require users to input commands
using the keyboard
• Graphical User Interface
– Graphics based interface
– Used by most operating systems

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 17

 Differences Among Operating
Systems
• Categories of Operating Systems
– Personal (Desktop) Operating Systems
• Designed to be installed on a single computer
– Server (Network) Operating Systems
• Designed to be installed on a network server
• Client computers still use a personal operating system
• Server operating system controls access to network
resources
– Mobile and embedded operating systems are also
common

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 18

 Differences Among Operating
Systems

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 Differences Among Operating
Systems
• The Types of Processors Supported
– Desktop, mobile, server processors
– 32-bit or 64-bit CPUs
• Support for Virtualization and Other Technologies
– New types of buses
– Virtualization
– Mobility
– Security concerns
– Power-consumption concerns
– Touch and gesture input
– The move to cloud

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 20

 Quick Quiz

1. Which of the following processing techniques allows a

computer to work with more than one program at a time?
a. Parallel processing
b. Virtual memory
c. Multitasking
2. True or False: Most operating systems today use a command
line interface.
3. is the task included with operating systems that
allows to you keep track of the files stored on a PC.

Answers:
1) c; 2) False; 3) File management
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 20
 Trend Box

Internet Monitors
– Locked-down system with restricted functionality
– Essentially just a monitor that provides Internet access
– Users can run apps but can’t
change settings so easier
for businesses to provide
Internet access without
much maintenance

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 Operating Systems for Personal
Computers and Servers
• DOS (Disk Operating System)
– DOS traditionally used a command-line interface
– Dominant operating system in the 1980s and early 1990s
– PC-DOS
• Created originally for IBM microcomputers
– MS-DOS
• Created for use with IBM-compatible computers
– Can enter DOS commands in Windows

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 23

 DOS

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 24

 Windows

• Windows
– The predominant personal operating system developed by
Microsoft Corporation
– Windows 1.0 through Windows Vista
• Windows 1.0 released in 1985
– Windows 1.0 through Windows 3.x were operating
environments for DOS
• Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME
• Designed for personal computers

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 Windows

– Windows 7
• Released in late 2009
• Home Premium (primary version for home users)
• Professional (primary version for businesses)
• Libraries feature gives you virtual folders
– Windows 8
• Current version of Windows
• Designed to be used with smartphones, desktop
computers, with or without a keyboard or mouse
• Supports multi-touch input
• Includes Start screen, tiles, and charms bar

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 27

 Windows

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 Windows

– Windows Server
• The version of Windows designed for server use
– Windows Server 2016 is the latest version
– Supports both virtualization and cloud computing
– Windows Home Server
• Preinstalled on home server devices
• Designed to provide services for a home network
• Can be set up to back up all devices in the home on a
regular basis

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 Mac OS

• Mac OS
– Proprietary operating system for computers made by
Apple Corporation
– Based on the UNIX operating system
– Originally set the standard for graphical user interfaces
– Mac OS X Family
• Mac OS X Mountain Lion and Mac OS X Mavericks
– Mac OS X Server
• Server version of Mac OS X

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 Mac OS

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 30

 UNIX

• UNIX
– Operating system developed in the late 1960s for
midrange servers
– Multiuser, multitasking operating system
– More expensive, requires high level of technical
knowledge; harder to install, maintain, and upgrade
– “UNIX” initially referred to the original UNIX operating
system, now refers to a group of similar operating systems
based on UNIX
– Single UNIX Specification
• A standardized UNIX environment
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 32
 Linux

• Linux
– Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991—resembles UNIX but
was developed independently
– Is open-source software; has been collaboratively modified
by volunteer programmers all over the world
– Originally used a command line interface, most recent
versions use a GUI
– Strong support from mainstream companies, such as IBM,
NVIDIA, HP, Dell, and Novell
– Individuals and organizations are switching to Linux and
other open source software because of cost

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 33

 Linux

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 34

 Quick Quiz

1. Which of the following is the most recent personal version of

Windows?
a. Windows 10
b. Windows Leopard
c. Windows XP
2. True or False: Linux is an open source operating system
available for free via the Internet.
3. The operating system most commonly used on Apple personal
computers is .

Answers:
1) a; 2) True; 3) Mac OS
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 36
 Technology and You Box

Smart Cars
– Use of computers in cars has skyrocketed
– Self-driving systems and self-parking systems
– Lane departure and blind spot detection systems
– Windshield displays
– Collision warnings and auto
brake systems
– Keyless entry and ignition
systems
– Distraction-prevention systems
– Safety of gadgets is a concern

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 37

 Operating Systems for Mobile
Devices
• Windows Phone 8, Windows RT, and Windows Embedded
– Windows Phone
• Latest version of Windows designed for smartphones
• Windows Phone 8 is based on the Windows 8 operating
system
– Windows RT
• Designed for tablet use
– Windows Embedded
• Designed primarily for consumer and industrial devices
that are not personal computers

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 38

 Operating Systems for Mobile
Phones and Other Devices
– Android
• Linux-based operating system created with current
mobile device capabilities in mind
• Can create applications that take full advantage of all
the features a mobile device has to offer
• Open platform
• Current version is Android 4.3, also known as Jelly Bean
• Devices support multitasking, multiple cores,
mobile payment transactions, Internet phone calls

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 39

 Operating Systems for Mobile
Phones and Other Devices

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 Operating Systems for Mobile
Phones and Other Devices
– iOS
• Designed for Apple Mobile phones and mobile devices
• Current version is iOS 10
• Supports multitasking
• Includes Safari Web browser, the Siri intelligent
assistant, Facetime video calling, AirDrop to send items
to others, and apps for email, messaging, music, and
search

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 40

 Operating Systems for Mobile
Phones and Other Devices

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 Operating Systems for Mobile
Phones and Other Devices
– Blackberry OS and Blackberry PlayBook OS
• Designed for Blackberry devices
– Mobile Linux
• Other mobile operating systems based on Linux besides
Android and iOs
• Ubuntu, webOS, Firefox OS, and Tizen

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 43

 Operating Systems for Larger
Computers
• Larger computers sometimes use operating systems designed
solely for that type of system
• IBM’s z/OS is designed for IBM mainframes
• Windows, UNIX, and Linux are also used with servers,
mainframes, and supercomputers
• Larger computers may also use a customized operating system
based on a conventional operating system

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 44

 Utility Programs

• Utility Program
– Software that performs a specific task, usually related to
managing or maintaining the computer system
– Many utilities are built into operating
systems (for finding files, viewing
images, backing up files, etc.)
– Utilities are also available as
stand-alone products
and as suites

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 File Management Programs

• Enable the user to perform file management tasks, such as:

– Looking at the contents of a storage medium
– Copying, moving, and renaming files and folders
– Deleting files and folders
– File management program in Windows 8 is File Explorer
• To copy or move files, use the Home tab to copy (or cut)
and then paste
• To delete files, use the Delete key on the keyboard or
the Home tab

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 File Management Programs

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 How It Works Box

Sending to the Cloud

– Add cloud
locations
to the
Send To
menu
– Google
Drive,
SkyDrive,
etc.

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 49

 Utility Programs

• Search Tools
– Designed to search for documents and other files on the
user’s hard drive
• Windows 8 has Search charm to search for files, apps,
and Store items
– Are often integrated into file management programs
– Third-party search tools are also available
• Diagnostic and Disk Management Programs
– Diagnostic programs evaluate your system and make
recommendations for fixing any errors found
– Disk management programs diagnose and repair problems
related to your hard drive
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 50
 Utility Programs

• Uninstall and Cleanup Utilities

– Uninstall utilities remove programs from your hard drive
without leaving bits and pieces behind
– Important to properly uninstall programs, not just delete
them
– Cleanup utilities delete temporary files
• Files still in Recycle Bin
• Temporary Internet files
• Temporary installation files

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 Utility Programs

• File Compression Programs

– Reduce the size of files to optimize storage space and
transmission time
– Both zip and unzip files
– WinZip (Windows users) and Stuffit (Mac users)
• Backup and Recovery Utilities
– Make the backup and restoration process easier
– Creating a backup means making a duplicate copy of
important files
• Can use a recordable or rewritable CD or DVD disc, a
USB flash drive, or an external hard drive
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 52
 Utility Programs

– Good backup procedures are critical for everyone

• Individuals should back up important documents,
e-mail, photos, home video, etc.
• Performing a backup can include backing up an entire
computer (so it can be restored at a later date)
• Can do the backup manually or use backup utility
programs (stand alone or those built into operating
systems)
• Can also backup individual files are they are modified

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 Utility Programs

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 54

 Utility Programs

• Antivirus, Antispyware, Firewalls, and Other Security

Programs
– Security Concerns
• Viruses, spyware, identity theft, phishing schemes
– Security programs protect computers and users and it is
essential that all computer users protect themselves and
their computers
• Antivirus programs
• Antispyware programs
• Firewalls
• Many are included in Windows and other operating
systems
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 55
 The Future of Operating Systems

• Will continue to become more user-friendly

• Will eventually be driven primarily by a voice interface, touch,
and/or gesture interface
• Likely to continue to become more stable and self-healing
• Will likely continue to include security and other technological
improvements as they become available
• Will almost certainly include improvements in the areas of
synchronizing and coordinating data and activities among a
person’s various computing and communicating devices
• May be used primarily to access software available through
the Internet or other networks

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 56

 Quick Quiz

1. Which of the following is the type of utility program used to make a

file smaller for transfer over the Internet?
a. Uninstall program
b. Antivirus program
c. File compression program
2. True or False: A file management program can be used to see the
files located on a storage medium.
3. A(n) is a duplicate copy of one or more files that can be
used if there is a problem with the original files.

Answers:
1) c; 2) True; 3) backup

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 57

APPLICATION SOFTWARE
 Overview

• This Part covers:

– General characteristics of application software
– The most widely used types of application software,
including:
• Word processing
• Spreadsheet
• Database
• Presentation graphics
• Graphics and multimedia software
– Overview of other types of application software
 The Basics of Application
Software
• Software Ownership Rights
– Specify the allowable use of the program
– Software license
• Gives you the right to use a software program
• Specifies the conditions under which the buyer can use
the software
– Open source software
• Programs with source code made available to the
general public
 Inside the Industry Box

Open Source Software

– Use is growing
– In addition to Linux and other open source operating
systems, there are many
open source apps
– Open source is typically
cheaper
– Can also be more stable and
– secure
 The Basics of Application
Software
• Commercial Software
– Copyrighted software developed and sold for profit
– Typically comes with a single-user license
• Shareware
– Copyrighted software distributed on the honor system
– Consumers should either pay for it or uninstall it after the trial
period
• Freeware
– Copyrighted software programs that are given away by the
author for others to use free of charge
• Public Domain Software
– Software that is not copyrighted and ownership rights have
been donated to the public domain
The Basics of Application
Software
 Desktop vs. Mobile Software

• Personal computers use

desktop software
• Smartphones and other
mobile devices typically
require mobile software
called apps
– Specifically designed for a
specific type of device
– Wide range of software
available via app stores
(Google Play, Apple App
Store, etc.)
 Technology and You Box

Mobile Ticketing
❑ Mobile ticketing refers to the process of
purchasing, storing, and using tickets
through a mobile device, typically via an
app or digital wallet.
❑ It allows users to book tickets for events,
transportation, or services and present a
digital ticket, usually in the form of a
barcode or QR code, instead of a physical
paper ticket.
❑ This method is convenient, eco-friendly,
and offers features like instant booking,
real-time updates, and reduced risk of
losing tickets 10
 Technology and You Box

Mobile Ticketing
– Download ticket to mobile
device to use for
admittance
– Tickets for movies,
sporting events, concerts,
etc.
– Boarding passes
– Custom tickets

10
 Installed vs. Cloud Software

• Installed Software
– Must be installed on the
computer before it can
be run
– Can be purchased in
physical form
– Can be downloaded
from the Internet
 Installed vs. Cloud Software

• Cloud Software
– Is delivered on-demand via the Web
– Also called Software as a Service (SaaS) and cloudware
– Includes free software and fee-based software
– Advantages of cloud software
• Files can be accessed from any computer with an
Internet connection
• Ease of implementation
• Improved collaboration capabilities
• Always working with the most current version of
software
 Installed vs. Cloud Software

– Potential disadvantages of cloud software

• Online applications tend to run more slowly
• Have file size limits
• Cost may eventually exceed the cost of purchasing a
similar installed version of the software
• EX: Google Doc, Google Colab
Installed vs. Cloud Software
 Software Suites

• Software Suites
– Collection of software programs bundled together and sold
as a single software package
– Office suites are used by most businesses/individuals to
produce documents and typically include:
• Word processing software
• Spreadsheet software
• Database software
• Presentation graphics-software
– Provide a common interface among programs in the suite
 Software Suites

• Latest version of Office is 2013 (traditional installed)/365

(subscription)
– Office on Demand
– Read mode
 Common Software
Commands
• Toolbars, Menus, Keyboard
Shortcuts, and the Ribbon
– Provide access to most
commands in
application programs
– Keyboard shortcuts
can be used
 Common Software
Commands
• Ribbon used in Microsoft Office 2007 and later
– Commands are organized into groups located on tabs
– Contextual tabs appear on the Ribbon as needed and
contain special commands
 Common Software
Commands
• Editing a Document
– Changing the content of the document, such as inserting
or deleting words
– Insertion point
• Indicates the current location in a document, which is
where the changes will be made
– Typing text inserts the text at the insertion point location
– Delete and Backspace keys delete text
– Text and objects can typically be selected and moved,
copied, deleted, or formatted

20
 Common Software
Commands
• Formatting a Document
– Changes the appearance of the document
• Changes font face, font size, and/or font color
• Changes line spacing or margins
• Adds page numbers and/or borders from insert
 Common Software
Commands
• Getting Help
– Often built into the program and typically contains:
• Table of Contents
• Browsing
• Search
– Online help (via manufacturer’s Web site and independent
sites)
– Offline help (periodicals, books, tutorial videos, classes)
 Quick Quiz

1. Software programs that are distributed on the honor system and can
be legally and ethically shared with others to try out the software
are referred to as .
a. shareware programs
b. commercial software
c. public domain software
2. True or False: Software purchased via the Internet is always in
downloaded, not packaged, form.
3. A group of related software programs sold together as one unit is
called a(n) .

Answers:
 Quick Quiz

1. Software programs that are distributed on the honor system and can
be legally and ethically shared with others to try out the software
are referred to as .
a. shareware programs
b. commercial software
c. public domain software
2. True or False: Software purchased via the Internet is always in
downloaded, not packaged, form.
3. A group of related software programs sold together as one unit is
called a(n) .

Answers:
1) a; 2) False; 3) software suite
 Word Processing Concepts

• What Is Word Processing?

– Using a computer and word processing software to create,
edit, save, and print written documents such as letters,
contracts, and manuscripts
– Common Word Processing Software Programs
• Microsoft Word
• Corel WordPerfect
• Apple Pages
 How It Works Box

Gesture Input with Microsoft Office

– Microsoft Office and Windows 8 support gestures to
replace mouse commands
– Tap, Press and hold, Slide, Swipe, Pinch, and Stretch
 Word Processing Concepts

• Creating a Word Processing Document

– Word wrap
• Automatically returns the insertion point to the next
line when the end of the screen line is reached
– Character formatting (font face, size, style, or color)
– Paragraph formatting (line spacing, indentation, alignment,
and styles)
– Page formatting (margins, paper size, orientation, headers,
footers, etc.)
– Document formatting (footnotes, end notes, table of
contents, index, background, theme)
Word Processing Concepts
 Word Processing Concepts

• Tables, Graphics, and Templates

– Tables
• Allow content to be organized in a table consisting of
rows and columns
– Graphics or Drawing Features
• Allow images to be inserted into a document (clip art,
photographs, drawn images, etc.) and then modified
– Templates
• Help users create new documents quickly
 Word Processing Concepts

• Word Processing and the Web

– Most word processing programs today include Web-
related features allowing you to:
• Send a document as an e-mail message
• Include Web page hyperlinks in documents
• Create or modify Web pages
• Create and publish blogs
• Collaborate with others online
 Spreadsheet Concepts

• What Is a Spreadsheet?
– Documents containing a group of numbers and other data
organized into rows and columns
– Spreadsheet software includes the following tools
• Formulas, data analysis tools, charts, and graphs
– Most widely used spreadsheet programs:
• Microsoft Excel
• Corel Quattro Pro
• Apple Numbers

30
 Spreadsheet Concepts

• Creating a Spreadsheet
– Worksheet: a single spreadsheet
– Workbook: a collection of worksheets saved in a single file
– Worksheets are divided into rows and columns
– Cell
• The intersection of a row and a column
• Each cell is identified by a cell address, such as A1
• Cell pointer is used to select a cell
• Cell pointer can be used to select more than one cell
(range or block)
Spreadsheet Concepts
 Spreadsheet Concepts

• Entering Data into a Spreadsheet Cell

– Labels
• Text-based entry in a worksheet cell that identifies data on
the worksheet
– Constant Values
• Numerical entry in a worksheet cell
– Formulas
• Perform mathematical operations on the content of other
cells
• Usually reference the cell address, not the current data in a
cell
• Use mathematical operators; begin with an = sign
 Spreadsheet Concepts

• Function
– A named, pre-programmed formula
– Hundreds of functions that can be used in spreadsheets
 Spreadsheet Concepts

• Absolute vs. Relative Cell Referencing

– Relative cell references
• Cell addresses are adjusted as the formula is copied
– Absolute cell references
• Formulas are copied exactly as they are written
• Appropriate when you want to use a specific cell
address in all copies of the formula
• Use $ to make cell references absolute: $B$6
Spreadsheet Concepts
 Spreadsheet Concepts

• Charts and What-If Analysis

– Most spreadsheet programs include some type of charting
or graphing capability
– Can create charts from the data in the spreadsheet (do not
have to reenter it)
– Charts change accordingly if the data in the spreadsheet
changes
– When cell contents are changed, formulas are
automatically recalculated
– What-if-analysis
• Tool frequently used to help make business decisions
 Spreadsheet Concepts

• Spreadsheets and the Web

– Most spreadsheet programs have built-in Web capabilities
enabling the user to:
• Save the current worksheet as a Web page
• Insert hyperlinks inserted into worksheet cells
• Select and copy ranges of cells to a Web publishing or
word processing program to insert spreadsheet data
into a Web page as a table
• Send a workbook as an e-mail message
• Collaborate online
 Database Concepts

• What Is a Database?
– A collection of related data that is stored in a manner
enabling information to be retrieved as needed
– Database Management System (DBMS)
• Software that allows the creation and manipulation of
an electronic database
– Most widely used relational database programs
• Microsoft Access
• Oracle Database
• IBM’s DB2

40
Database Concepts
 Database Concepts

– Data in a database is organized into fields (columns),

records (rows), and tables
• Field (column)
– A single type of data to be stored in a database
• Record (row)
– A collection of related fields
• Table
– A collection of related records
• Database file
– Collection of related tables
 Database Concepts

• Creating a Database
– Database file is created first
• Contains objects, such as tables, forms, and queries
– Tables can then be created
– Typically, the table structure is specified first
– Table structure includes:
• Field name (unique identifying name)
• Data type (text, number, date, object)
• Field size (maximum number of characters)
• Default value (initial content of the field)
– The table is named and saved
– Tables can be created in either Datasheet or Design view
Database Concepts
 Database Concepts

– Data can be displayed

using a form or
Datasheet view
– Data can be edited
 Database Concepts

• Queries and Reports

– Query
• A question; a request for specific information from the
database
• Contains criteria to specify the records and fields to be
included in the query results
• Is named and saved so it can be run again at a later
time
Database Concept
 Presentation Graphics
Concepts
• What Is a Presentation Graphic?
– An image designed to visually enhance a presentation
– Can be used in electronic slide shows, as well as in printed
reports
 Presentation Graphics
Concepts
– Slide
• A one-page presentation graphic that can be displayed in
a group with others to form an electronic slide show
– Electronic Slide Show
• A group of electronic slides that are displayed one after
the other on a computer monitor or other display device
– Presentation Graphics Software
• Used to create presentation graphics
– Most common presentation graphics programs
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Corel Presentations
• Apple Keynote

50
 Presentation Graphics
Concepts
• Creating a Presentation
– Preformatted slide layouts can often be used
– New slides can be added to a new or existing presentation
as needed
– Slides can contain a variety of elements
• Text
• Images
• Charts
• Audio clips
• Video clips
Presentation Graphics
Concepts
 Presentation Graphics
Concepts
• Finishing a Presentation
– Slide Sorter View
• Shows thumbnails of all slides in presentation
• Used to rearrange the slide order
– Show can be set up to run automatically or manually
– Speaker Tools
• Speaker notes and pens
• Presenter view
• Recorded narration
• Can print the slides to create overhead transparencies
or an audience handout
Presentation Graphics
Concepts
 Presentation Graphics
Concepts
• Presentation Graphics and the Web
– Presentation graphics programs can be used to generate
Web pages or Web page content
– Slides can include hyperlinks
– Users can usually control Web-based presentations
accessed via a Web browser
 Quick Quiz

1. A single type of data to be included in a database (viewed as a

column in a table) is called a .
a. record
b. field
c. table
2. True or False: Each slide in a slide presentation can contain only one
type of element, such as text, an image, or a video clip.
3. Recording content on a CD or DVD disc is referred to as
the disc.

Answers:
1) b; 2) False; 3) burning
 Summary

• The Basics of Application Software

• Word Processing Concepts
• Spreadsheet Concepts
• Database Concepts
• Presentation Graphics Content
 Summary

• System Software vs. Application Software

• The Operating System
• Operating Systems for Personal Computers and Servers
• Operating Systems for Mobile Phones and Other Devices
• Operating Systems for Larger Computers
• Utility Programs
• The Future of Operating Systems

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 12

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