Uses of Materials in the First Aid Box.

Lesson Note on Basic Technology JSS 2 First Term DEFINITION OF FIRST AID

Lessonplan First aid can be defined as the simple medical treatment that is given as soon as possible to
someone who is injured or who suddenly becomes ill and injured.

BasicTechnology ENote for JSS 2 First Term – Edudelight.com First aid is the immediate treatment given to an injured person before being taken to the hospital
or before the arrival of a doctor.
SCHEME OF WORK BASIC TECHNOLOGY JSS 2
First aid kit is a small box or bag with the equipment that someone needs in order to give first aid.
WEEK TOPIC
During metal work or woodwork activities in the workshop, everybody should be at alert to give
First Aids and Materials first aid because a little carelessness can lead to an accident. Sometimes, the hazards and accidents
could be very dangerous and life-threatening. In order to salvage the life involved, there is need to
Rescue Operations
provide first aid fast and to have first aid skills.
Uses of Materials (Wood and Metals)
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
Uses of Materials (Ceramics, Plastics and Rubber)
To save life.
Geometrical Construction; Lines
. Angles To prevent injury from getting worse.

8. Triangles To reduce pains as much as possible.

9. Circle EVALUATION

10. Construction of Tangent to a Circle. Explain the term “First Aid”.

11. Revision Mention three aims and objectives of first aid.

12. Examination
ACCIDENTS
REFERENCE MATERIALS
Some of the domestic and workplace accidents include:
MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2
Suffocation: Suffocation poses a great danger to people. This is the reason for proper ventilation
NERDC, Basic Technology for JSS, Book 2 of the workshop.
WEEK ONE Cut: Cut results whenever the skin is opened, torn or punctured by such sharp objects as knives,
broken bottles and glasses, scissors or any rough edge.
TOPIC: FIRST AIDS
Bruises: A bruise occurs when the body is given a blow with sufficient force. The blow may be
CONTENT applied directly or from a fall in which the body strikes against a fixed surface. There is bleeding
Definition of First Aid. under the skin without breaking it.

Aims and Objectives of First Aid. Fire Accidents: Fire accident from inflammable liquids and electrical appliances are very
disastrous.
Materials in the First Aid Box.
Electric Shocks: Caused either by naked electric wire or careless handling of electric appliances.
Application of Simple First Aid.
CONTENTS OF THE FIRST AID BOX his body to cool down the temperature.

The First aid box is a container, where materials used to give simple medical treatment before the Dog bite: Clean with Savlon, apply iodine or TBC. Dress the wound with bandage. Then go to

arrival of a doctor are kept. The box could be made of wood or metal, but it is usually painted white hospital for anti-rabies.

and with an “addition” sign written in red. The box comes in different sizes depending on the Broken arms: Clean and dress wound if any. Splint (bandage with ruler or stick). Go to the
amount of the items. hospital.

The first aid box must be clearly marked with its name or with a large red cross, so that everybody Hot object and hot palm oil: Clean gently with Savlon and then apply gentian violent (G.V.
can easily recognize it. Contents in the first aid box include: Paint) or dermacin cream, give antibiotics.

A roll of cotton wool Electric shock: Firstly, switch off the source of power supply. The victim is then made to lie

Safety pins down to rest for a while, give milk if necessary.

Vaseline Febrile convulsion: This happens when body temperature is too high. Tepid sponge (mopwith
ordinary water). Protect the tongue with spoon covered with bandage in the mouth. Do not give
Razor blade
any drug.
A clinical thermometer
Epilepsy: Remove all dangerous objects from his surroundings. Lay him on one side until he is
Different sizes of bandages conscious (awake).

1 bottle of antiseptic cream EVALUATION

Embrocating 1. Describe how you will apply first aid to a victim of

Scissors high fever (b) electric shock (c) a scorpion bite.

A bottle of antiseptic fluid such as Dettol or Savlon, for washing cuts and bruises etc. 2. Mention five (5) cases of accidents where first aid is needed.

EVALUATION FIRST AID MATERIALS AND THEIR USES

Mention three types of accidents that require first aid treatment.
S/N MATERIALS USES
List five items that can be found in a first aid box.
1 Aspirin or paracetamol They are used for pain relief.

Applications of Simple First Aid 2 Plaster It is used to cover a small wound.

3 Cotton wool It is used to drain blood and apply chemicals like hydrogen
The cases of accidents where first aid treatment is used include: peroxide on wound.
Simple cuts which cause bleeding: The bleeding is drained with cotton wool and iodine. 4 Gauze bandage It is used with a cotton wool to cover a wound.
Penicillin ointment is put on before it is covered with plaster. 5 Cofta tabs or cough These are drugs for treating cough.
mixture
Snakebites or scorpions’ stings: These can be treated by tying a rope above the bite point. A
razor blade is used to make one or two marks on the bite points so that the poison can flow out 6 Antacid tabs or Mist mag These are drugs for stopping stomach pains.
7 Nerve/ bone These are drugs used to relief pains in the nerves, joints and
Respiratory problem: The victim is made to lie down face up. The belly of the victim is pressed (Embrocation) bone.
gently to release water through his mouth and nose. If the patient still does not breathe, try a
8 Robb or Mentholatum These are ointments used to rob the body against cold and
mouth to mouth resuscitation by putting your mouth on his mouth and blowing air into his lungs bone pain.
forcefully.
9 Penicillin ointment It is also used to rub the surface of fresh wound or injury.
High fever: It can be treated by removing the clothes of the patient. A wet towel is then used on
 10 Thermometer It is used for measuring temperature. Objectives of Rescue Operations

11 Iodine lotion It is used for treating wounds. Types of Rescue Operations

12 Dettol or Hydrogen It is used for treating wounds Rescue Operation Situations
peroxide
13 Spirit It is used to clean the surface of wounds. Materials used in Rescue Operations

14 Injection powder It is used for treating wounds. MEANING OF RESCUE OPERATION

EVALUATION
Rescue operations are responsive operations organized to save people or a person from dangerous
Mention eight (8) materials found in a first aid box and state their uses. situation or prevention of injury during an accident. Rescue operations are carried out by trained
firemen, police, military, first aid or ambulance attendants.
State the uses of the following: (a) penicillin ointment (b) cotton wool

READING ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVES OF RESCUE OPERATIONS

Read “Rescue Operations” To save lives.

MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 56-58 To prevent injury during an accident or dangerous situation.
Rescue Operations www.xpinoscholars.com.ng
TYPES OF RESCUE OPERATIONS
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Air-Sea Rescue (ASR): This is the coordinated search and rescue of emergency water landings as
____ is a simple initial treatment given to a patient before the arrival of the doctor. (a) First aid well as people who have survived shipwreck or boat mishap.
(b) Infection (c) Immunization (d) Injection
Combat search and rescue (CSAR): This is the search and rescue operations that are carried out
The following are materials in the first aid box except ____ (a) hanger (b) aspirin (c) spirit (d) during war that are within or near combat zone.
thermometer
Mine rescue; is the specialized job of rescuing miners and others who are trapped or injured in
Which of the following is the sign on the first aid box? (a) + (b) X (c) – (d) ÷ underground mines after mine accidents.
_____ is applied on a fresh wound (a) Spirit (b) Hydrogen Peroxide (c) Injection powder (d) Mist Cave rescue: is the operation involved in rescuing people trapped, lost or injured in wilderness or
Mag cave.
Mouth to mouth resuscitation is used for ___ problem (a) snake bite (b) respiratory (c) high fever Surface-water rescue: is the rescue of a person who is afloat on the surface of a body of water.
(d) bleeding
Vehicle extrication: is the process of removing vehicle from around a person who has been
THEORY involved in a motor accident.
State five materials in the first aid box and their uses. Confined space rescue: It involves the rescue and recovery of victims trapped in a confined space
Discuss how to give first aid treatment to (a) bleeding from cut (b) respiratory problem. like tanks, sewers and underground vaults.

WEEK TWO Urban search and rescue: It involves the location, extrication and initial medical stabilization of
victims trapped in collapsed buildings or trenches.
TOPIC: RESCUE OPERATIONS – ENOTE
EVALUATION
CONTENT What are rescue operations?
Meaning of Rescue Operations What is vehicle extrication?
RESCUE OPERATION SITUATIONS Mention four persons trained to help in rescue operations.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Fire outbreak
Read “Uses of wood and metals “
shipwreck or boat mishap
MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 59-62
plane crash
NERDC, Basic Technology for JSS, Book 2, pages 16 – 22
Mine accidents
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Bomb blast
What rescue operation is right for someone trapped in a vault? (a) cave rescue (b) confined space
Road accident
rescue (c) surface-water rescue (d) ASR
Collapsed buildings
What do we call the rescue of people trapped in a collapsed building? (a) CSAR (b) mine rescue (c)
Drowning urban search and rescue (d) confined space rescue
Natural disaster e.g earthquakes, landslides etc ______ is used to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles (a) Helicopters (b) Rescue dogs (c)
Ambulance (d) Hydraulic cutting and spreading tools
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN RESCUE OPERATIONS
Which of the following does not require rescue operations (a) collapsed building (b) fire outbreak
Helicopters
(c) phone calls(d) natural disasters
Search and rescue dogs
——– is the coordinated search and rescue of emergency water landings as well as people who have
Mounted search and rescue horses survived shipwreck or boat mishap (a) ASR (b) CSAR (c) Cave rescue (d) RRS

The “jaws of life” THEORY

Hydraulic cutting and spreading tools used to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles (a) What are rescue operations?

heavy rescue vehicles (b) Explain “Vehicle extrication”

Ladder State the function of the following in rescue operations:

Air bags (a) rescue dogs (b) ambulance

Ambulance WEEK THREE

High lift jack etc TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS

Fire extinguisher
CONTENT
Stretchers
Uses of Wood
EVALUATION
Uses of Metal
Mention five (5) situations that required rescue operations
USES OF WOOD
State ten (10) tools used in rescue operations

GENERAL EVALUATION Wood is used today in the following industries and processes:

Describe ASR. HOUSING: Wood is used for home furniture such as doors, window and roofing.
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING: Many industries are constructed using wood. 7 Mahogamy Cabinet making, ship building, panelled, carving, wood turnery. veneers

JOINERY: Wood is used for making staircase in our buildings today. 8 Oak Furniture making , boat building , veneer, plywood

PACKAGING: Packaging technologist cannot do without wood for making crates, pallet, and 9 Obeche Interior joinery, furniture, model making.

packaging electronics equipment. 10 Teak Ship building , furniture, laboratory benches, veneers

FURNITURES: Chairs, bed, ward robes, table, book cases etc EVALUATION

TRANSPORT: Railway, train wagons, lorry-body. Describe the purposes for which the following woods are used :(a) mahogany (b) oak (c) balsa.

BRIDGES AND POLES: Most farm bridges and bridges across the roads in villages are made with Mention three soft wood and their uses.
wood. Some electric poles and railway sleepers are made of wood.
USES OF FERROUS METALS
PULP AND PAPER: Exercise book, textbooks, magazines etc are made from pulp and paper
derived from wood. MELTING COMPOSITION PROPERTIES USES
NAME POINT
MEDICINE: People who have their arms and legs amputated (cut off), such are usually replaced by
Cast iron 1240 Mixture of carbon and Vary with carbon Suitable for moving
artificial limbs made from wood. iron carbon content is content. Brittle with parts of machinery
between 1.5-5% hard skin because of the ability
CLOTHING: Most heels and some soles shoes are made from wood. The rayon stocking. of one piece to slide
on another due to
TOOL MAKING: Handles for hammer, pick axes, felling axes, screw drivers and many other tools carbon content.
are made from wood.
Wrought 2000 99% iron with small Malleable and Engine blocks
EVALUATION Iron amount of impunities ductile. Elastic can haulage gear, vices,
be shaped easily crane, hooks and
Mention five industries using wood and state the processes they are used for. when red hot chains
(forged)
State the processes they are used for in (1) above.
High Varies 99% iron with small Malleable and Haulage gear, crane
USES OF WOOD carbon amounts of ductile. Elastic. Not hooks and chains,
steel (Tool impunities. The very hard. Can be anchor chains,
steel, cast carbon content is shaped easily when general
S/N SOFTWOOD USES steel) between 0.1-0.5% red hot(forged) constructional work,
nuts, bolts, screws,
1 Cedar In the building industry for roofing and garages, doors and partitions. non-cuttingtool, steel
2 Pine Railway sleepers, heavy gate posts, decorative panel stairways. Pattern sheets.
making joinery. Low Varies Mixture of carbon and Forges and All kinds of cutting
3 Spruce Aircraft industry, ship masts, interior joinery, ladders, packing cases. carbon steel machines well tools. Steel sheets
steel (mild
steel)
HARDWOOD USES
S/N
USES OF NON-FERROUS METALS
1 Afromosia Ship building, good quality furniture.
2 Agba Joinery and furniture. ALUMINUM It is used for making aircraft, electrical cables, and aluminium, foil, engine parts
tubes boxes, kitchen and cooking utensils.
3 Balsa Model making, life rafts life belts. Insulation (noise or heat).
ZINC It is used for making roofing sheets containers, galvanizing and protective,
4 Beech Furniture mallets, kitchen utensils e.g. bread boards, rolling pins. cooling on sheet, sheet and base for many alloys (e.g. brass).
5 Ekki Pier piles, dock, gates, bridge building. TIN It is used as base for many alloys e.g. bronze, protective coating on copper wire
6 Iroko Joinery and tin plate sheets.
 COPPER It is used in making many copper alloys, soldering bits, THEORY
decorative purposes, wire, electrical point, boiler tubes,
rivets, boxes, bowland pipes. Mention five (5) industries that use wood and their processes.

LEAD It is used for making battery elements, water piping base for many alloys and In tabular form state the melting point, composition and uses of the following metal
sheeting for roofing.
(a) Cast iron (b) High carbon steel
EVALUATION
WEEK FOUR
Mention three uses each of the following non-ferrous metals. (a) zinc (b)aluminium.
TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS II
State three ferrous metals and their uses

CONTENT
USES OF ALLOYS OF NON-FERROUS METALS
Uses of Ceramic
DURALUMIN: It is made of 95% aluminium, 4%copper and 1% manganese. It is used to build
aircraft bodies, door and window frames, vehicle parts etc. Uses of Glass
BRASS: It is made of 35%zinc 65% copper. We use brass to make decorative items, ammunition, Uses of Rubber
plumbing fittings, electrical appliances, etc.
CERAMIC
BRONZE: It is made of 10% tin and 90% copper. It is used in carving, statues, plaques, ornaments,
ship propellers, gears and some machine parts. All solid objects made from clay, mud or cement are called ceramics. Ceramics are concerned

GENERAL EVALUATION with clay and clay products, glass and glass products, cements and plasters.

Differentiate between hard and soft wood USES OF CERAMICS

Mention 5 uses of wood Ceramics can withstand very high temperature; they are used in making furnaces.
READING ASSIGNMENT Ceramics can carry heavy loads. Thus bricks and cement blocks are used to build houses. The walls
Read “USES OF MATERIALS II” carrying the roof of the building.

MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 63-66 Ceramics do not corrode and they are resistant to chemical attack. It can be used to store chemicals
and water.
NERDC Basic Technology for JSS Book 2. Page 23-27.
They can be easily moulded and decorated, so can be used for sculpture.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
They are good insulator of electricity, so can be used as insulation of high-tension voltages. The
The following are hard wood except (a) Balsa (b) Beech (c) Spruce (d) Iroko.
insulators between the lines are also ceramic.
The type of hard wood used in making veneer and plywood is called (a) Iroko (b) Oak (c) Teak (d)
They last longer e.g. Benin head.
mahogany.
EVALUATION
The type of metal that is suitable for moving parts of machinery is (a) cast Iron (b) wrought iron (c)
aluminium (d) low carbon steel. Explain why ceramics are used in making furnaces

Name three common ceramics and state their properties.

The temperature at which wrought iron turns liquid is (a)12400C (b) 2000oC (c)1500oC (d) It
varies.
USES OF GLASS
Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils because a) it is malleable (b) it is a good conductor
Glass is used for making bottles.
of heat (c) It is light (d) it is a good conductor of electricity.
It is used for making tumblers and mugs. Read about GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION-LINES

It is used for making flower vases. MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 67-69

It is used for making bulbs. NERDC Basic Technology for JSS book 2 page28-32.

Glass is also used to make eyeglasses, magnifying glasses and binoculars. WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

It is also used in mirrors, windscreens of vehicles, television screens and computer screens. All solid objects made from clay, mud or cement are called ____(a) plastics (b) rubber (c)
semiconductors (d) ceramics
RUBBER
The art of using clay to make various objects is called ____ (a) plastics (b) rubber (c)
Raw rubber (Latex) is normally too tough and too hard. It is softened by adding certain chemicals semiconductors (d) pottery
and mixed through until it is in a state in which it can be formed.
Which of the following is not a rubber product? (a) tyres(b) pipes (c) foot wear (d) sculpture
There are two types of rubber: natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
One of the differences between plastic and rubber is that RUBBER is more _____ (a) cheaper (b)
NATURAL RUBBERS available (c) elastic (d) tougher

Properties of rubber can be improved through the process called (a)extrusion (b)vulcanization (c)
Are produced from the latex of rubber trees. Natural rubber deteriorates with age and when it is
injection moulding (d)compression moulding.
exposed to sunlight. The process of improving the properties of rubber is called VULCANIZING.
This is done by adding sulphur to it together with carbon particles and heating it. Vulcanized THEORY
rubber is much harder and much heat resistant than ordinary rubber. State three properties of rubber

SYNTHETIC RUBBER List three good qualities of ceramics.

These are manufactured from chemicals.They are forms of plastics. Examples include butyl rubber WEEK FIVE
and neoprene. They have better quality than natural rubbers. They are resistant to sunlight and
TOPIC: GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION: LINES
temperature changes. They do not age, like natural rubbers and they are resistant to chemicals.
Rubber products include: hoses, pipes, belts, tyres, tubes, footwear, rainwear and mounting. CONTENT

USES OF RUBBER Definition of Lines

Types of Lines
It can be used as an elastic material e.g. for making catapult.

Rubber is water proof, so it is used in making sandals and gloves. Dividing a Given Line into Equal Parts

Rubber has insulating property i.e. it is an insulator. Thus it is used in covering electrical wires that LINES: A line is a long narrow mark made on a surface. A line may be straight, crooked or curved.

supply electricity to the iron or kettle.

Properties of lines
Rubber can be used as shock absorber, thus it is used in making bumper of cars, tyres and tubes of
A line has position and length.
cars.
A line does not have width or thickness.
EVALUATION
A straight line is the shortest distance between two points.
Differentiate between natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
A line that has more than one curve is called a crooked line.
List five examples of rubber products.
Two or more lines always having equal distance apart are parallel lines.
READING ASSIGNMENT
A line following a circular path is a curve. Phantom lines: These are thin dashes lines drawn with one long dash followed by two short
dashes. They are used to show alternate positions of moving parts. The original position is drawn
EVALUATION
with visible (thin continuous) lines while its rotated or new position is shown with phantom lines.
Define a line
State three properties of line.

TYPES OF LINES TYPES OF LINES

Thick continuous line: This is a thick and solid line used to show visible outlines of an object. Thick continuous line: – this is used for all visible outlines. It should be the most prominent on
drawing.
They are also used as border lines (15mm from paper margin).
Thin continuous line: – This is used for constructing projections, extensions, hatching and
leader lines.
Thin continuous line: This is a thin and solid line used for dimension lines, lines, projection Short dashes: This is used to show hidden details.
lines, leader lines, hatching or section lines etc.
Thick continuous wavy or irregular line): – it is used for irregular boundary or short break
lines.

Short dashes: The dashes are about 3mm long and spaced about 1mmfrom each other. Thin ruled line and zigzags: – This is used for long break lines.

These are approximate values and will depend on how large the drawing might be. They are used Arrow head – it is used for dimension.
to represent/show hidden details.
Thin long chain line: – It is used for centre lines.

Thick long chain line: – It is used for cutting viewing lines.

Thin continuous chain line: These are thin lines made of long and short dashes. The long
Thin continuous wavy line:- It is used for limits of partial views.
dashes can be about 19-38mm long while the short dashes may be about 1.5mm long. The length
will vary with the size of the drawing and the length of centre line needed. They are used for centre .

lines EVALUATION

Mention five types of lines and state their uses.

When do we use thin continuous lines?
Thick continuous chain with arrow head: They are thick lines made of either long and short
dashes or equal sized dashes. Arrow heads are drawn on their ends to show the direction in which
Division of a straight line into equal parts
the section was taken. They are used for cutting and viewing planes.
A line can be divided into a number of equal parts. For example, a given line can be divided into
halves, fourths, eights etc.

Thick irregular solid lines: These are thick solid lines drawn freehand. They are either short Procedure 1
break or long break lines used to show the part of an object that has been removed. The long break
lines are drawn as thin solid lines with Z symbol inserted in several places along its length. Draw the given line AB.

Draw AC any convenient acute angle and set off from A.

or
Divide the line into the number of the required parts using a pair of divider or a scale rule and a
Continuous irregular wavy lines: They are thin lines drawn freehand and are used to indicate
pencil.
the limit of partial views.
Now join the points on the inclined to the line to be divided from the extreme with parallel lines. Draw a line AB of 60mm and divide the line into 8 equal parts.
Draw line AB equals to 10cm and divide into proportions 3:5:4.
Procedure 2
WEEK SIX AND SEVEN
Draw the given line, AB.

Draw a line AC to meet it at any convenient angle. TOPIC: ANGLES ENOTE

Join CB. CONTENT
Divide AC into the required number of parts using your ruler. Label the points 1,2,3,4… DEFINITION OF ANGLES
From the points 1, 2, 3…. Draw lines parallel to CB to meet AB. These parallel lines intersect AB at TYPES OF ANGLES
the required points; this divides AB into equal segments.
BISECTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF ANGLES.
ACTIVITY
ANGLES
Divide a straight line 70mm long into 5 equal parts.
An angle is formed when two straight lines intersect or meet at a point.
GENERAL EVALUATION

How can horizontal and vertical line be drawn? The sum of angle at the centre of a complete circle is 3600.

List the information required in title block. TYPES OF ANGLES

READING ASSIGNMENT
Acute angles: – These are angles that are less than 900.
Read about ANGLES
Right angle: – This is an angle that is equal to 900.
MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 56-58
Obtuse angles: – These are angles that are greater than 900 but less than 1800.
NERDC Basic Technology for JSS book 2 page 32-39.
Reflex angles: – These are angles that are greater than 1800 but less than 3600.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Identify this line. ___________________________________ (a) thin continuous line (b) Complementary angles: – These are angles that sum up to 900.
ruled zigzag line (c) arrow head line. (d) short dashes.
Supplementary angles: – These are angles that sum up to 1800.
The type of line used in showing visible outline is (a) thin continuous line (b) thick continuous line
EVALUATION
(c) thin ruled zigzag line (d)thick continuous wavy line.
Define an angle.
The shortest distance between two points is _______ (a) curve (b) straight line (c) crooked line
(d) parallel line Mention five types of angle and describe them.

Which of the following is not a property of a line? (a)It has position and length (b)It has width and CONSTRUCTION OF ANGLES
thickness (c)It has virtually no thickness (d) It may be a straight line or curved line.
The following are several ways of constructing or drawing angles:
The line that is used in showing hidden details is __________ (a) thin continuous (b) thick
continuous (c) arrow hand (d) short dashes Using a setsquare

THEORY Using a combination of setsquares

(a) Define a line. Using a protractor

Using a pair of compasses Measure the following angles using your protractor

HOW TO CONSTRUCT ANGLES USING SETSQUARE a) 880 b)1700 c)2750 d) 3000 e)150

Construct angle 30o

Standard angles are angles 300,450, 600 and 900. These angles can be drawn by simply using a
setsquare. The method is simply choosing the appropriate setsquare that has the angle that is to be
How to construct Angles Using a Pair of Compasses
drawn. Thus 300-600 setsquare is used to draw 300, 600 and 900. Similarly, the 45-45 setsquare is
used to draw 450 and 900. 600

EVALUATION Procedure

Draw a straight line and mark the centre O.

With the aid of a set square construct the following angle: i)900 ii) 600 iii)450
From O, using a convenient radius at point A draw an arc (almost a quadrant).
COMBINATION OF SETSQUARES
With same radius draw another arc to intersect the first arc at C.
Setsquares can be combined to construct the following angles:
Draw a line from O through the point of intersection.
To construct 750, combine 450 and 600 setsquares
The angle formed is 600
1800– (600 + 450)= 750
900
To construct 1350, combine 450 and 900
Procedure
450+ 900 = 1350 Draw a straight line and mark the centre O.
From O draw a semicircle to touch the straight line at A and B.
To construct 1050, combine 600 and 450
From A, with longer radius, draw an arc at the centre up.
450+ 600 = 1350
From B, with longer radius, draw an arc at the centre up to intersect at C.
EVALUATION
Draw a line from O through C.
Combine the sets-square to construct angles750 and 1350.
The angle COA and COB is 900
Construct angle 60o
BISECTION OF ANGLES
HOW TO DRAW AN ANGLE USING A PROTRACTOR
To bisect a given angle
Procedure
Draw a given angle ABC.
Place the protractor on the line from which the angle is to be formed. The baseline marked O at
one end and, 180 marked at the other end. With centre B and any convenient radius draw an arc to cut AB to D and BC at E.

Set the centre of the protractor to start from where the vertex of the angle will be. With centre A1 and any small radius an arc.

Mark the required degree of the angles to be drawn. With centre E and the same radius draw an arc to intersect the previous one at F.

Use a straight line to join the marked point at the angle to the point vertex of the angle Join BD, BD bisects angle ABC, i.e. angle ABD= DBC.

EVALUATION Use a protractor to check angles ABF and CBF.

 TOPIC: TRIANGLES – ENOTE

CONTENT

Triangles

Types of triangles
The following angles can be constructed by bisection:
Construction of triangles
300 can be constructed by bisecting 600
TRIANGLE
150 can be constructed by bisecting 300
A triangle is a plane figure bounded by three straight lines and having three angles. The sum of
12.50 can be constructed by bisecting 150
angles in a triangle is 1800
450 can be constructed by bisecting 900
TYPES OF TRIANGLES
22.50 can be constructed by bisecting 450
Scalene triangle: – This is a triangle that has none of its sides or angles equal.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Isosceles triangle: – This is a triangle that has two sides and two angles equal.
‘Read about TRIANGLES’
Equilateral triangle: – This is a triangle that has all the three sides and angles equal.
MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 77-79
NERDC-BASIC TECHNOLOGY, BOOK 2, page 46- 51 Right-angled triangle: – This is a triangle that one of its angles equal to 900 and the longest line
facing the 900 is called THE HYPOTENUSE
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

The angle that FC makes when constructed perpendicular with line AB is _______ (a) 1800 (b)
2700 (c) 900 (d) 1200

The line FC is called __________ (a) vertical (b) perpendicular (c) Horizontal (d) incline EVALUATION

Which of the following drawing materials cannot be used to construct a straight line? (a) Compass What is a triangle?
(b) protractor (c) Ruler (d) pencils List the types of triangles and describe them.

Angles that sum up to 1800 is called __________ (a) supplementary (b) complementary (c) TO CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE THREE SIDES
Reflex (d) obtuse
Procedure
The line for all visible outlines is called ____________ (a) Thin continuous line (b) Thick
Draw the horizontal line and mark off the base of the triangle AB.
continuous line (c) short dashes (d) Zig – Zag lines.
With center A and a radius equal to the length of a side of the triangle, strike an arc
THEORY
With center B and a radius equal to the other side strike another arc to cut the previous one at C.
With the aid of a protractor measure the following angles
Join CA and CB to obtain the triangle ABC.
(a)150 (b)700 (c)1500 (d)2200 (e)3000.
EVALUATION
With the aid of compasses and a ruler construct angle 600 and 300
Construct triangle ABC such that AB is 8cm BC 7cm and AC is 6cm
WEEK EIGHT
TO CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE GIVEN TWO SIDES AND THE INCLUDED ANGLE Construct a rectangle of length 7cm and breadth 5cm with the aid of compass and ruler.

Draw a horizontal line and mark off one of the given sides AB Construct a square with diagonal 5cm.

At A, construct the given included angle BAC with the aid of a protractor WEEK NINE

With center A and radius equal to the other given side of the triangle cut AC at D. TOPIC: CIRCLE

Join DB to complete the required triangle ABD CONTENT

EVALUATION DEFINITION OF CIRCLE – ENOTE

Construct triangle ABC such that line AB is 5cm, <ABC is 600 and line BC is 7cm PARTS OF A CIRCLE

TO CONSTRUCT AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE USING COMPASSES A circle is a plane figure bounded by a curved line called the circumference. All the points on the
circumference of a circle are equidistant from a point called the centre.
Draw a horizontal line and mark off base AB equal to the given side.

With centers A and B and a radius equal to the given side, strike arcs to intersect at C.

Join CA and CB to obtain the required equilateral triangle.

EVALUATION

Construct an equilateral triangle whose sides are 6cm long.

Construct triangle ABC such that line AB is 5cm, <ABC is 600 and line BC is 7cm

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read about “CIRCLES”

MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, Book 2 page 73-76

NERDC, BASIC TECHNOLOGY, BOOK 2, page 40- 46

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT PARTS OF A CIRCLE

Which of the following triangles has all its sides equal? (a) Equilateral (b) Scalene (c) Isosceles (d) Diameter
Right-angled
The diameter is a straight line drawn through the centre of a circle and meeting the circumference
Which of the following triangles has none of its side equal? (a) Equilateral (b) Scalene (c) Isosceles at both ends.
(d) Right-angled
Radius
Which of the following triangles has all two sides equal? (a) Equilateral (b) Scalene (c) Isosceles (d)
The radius is a straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to any point on the circumference of
Right-angled
the circle. The length of the radius is always used to draw the circle.
What is the center rule formula used to construct a polygon as well as dividing a circle into equal
Segment
parts? (a) 360 – N (b) 360 x N (c) 360/ N (d) 360 + N
The segment is an area of the circle bounded by an arc and a straight line called the chord.
The perpendicular distance from the vertex to the base of triangles is called ______(a) vetoed (b)
Chord
Aptitude (c) Altitude (d) Interior
The chord is a straight line which joins any two given points on the circumference of a circle.
THEORY
Sector Procedure

The sector is part of the circle bounded by two radii and an arc. Copy the given converging lines AB and AC.

Quadrant Bisect the angle between the converging lines BA and CA.

The quadrant is the part of the circle bounded by two radii which are at right angles to each other, Draw a line from A to pass through D.
bounded by an arc. The quadrant, as the name, is ¼ of the circle.
AE is the bisector, and the centre of the circles is located on the bisector.
Tangent
Draw the largest circle by placing the point of the compasses somewhere on the bisector and adjust
The tangent is usually formed outside the circle. When a straight line touched is formed. However, the pencil point, until the required radius is obtained.
that line must be right angle to a radius
Draw a tangent FG to the circle at point of intersection between the circumference of the circle and
. the bisector .

EVALUATION Bisect the angle IJA

Draw a circle 30mm and show the different parts. Draw a line through point K to intersect main bisector AE at L.
Explain each part of a circle
Note that point L is the centre for smaller circle.

HOW TO DRAW A CIRCLE GIVEN THE RADIUS With centre L draw the smaller circle to touch the bigger circle tangentially.

Procedure HOW TO FIND CENTRE OF A CIRCLE

Draw the centre lines horizontally, and the other vertically, to intersect each other at E at 900. Procedure

The point of intersection is the centre. With the compass at centre E, pick the given radius into the Draw the given circle.
compasses.
Draw any two chords AB and AC.
The point of intersection E, is the centre of the circle. Place the pinpoint of the compasses on the
Bisect lines AB and AC. The bisecting lines will intersect at O.
centre and swing the pencil round such that the pencil makes 3600 to give the circle.
O is the centre of the circle.
HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE THROUGH A THREE POINTS WHICH ARE NOT
EVALUATION
ON A STRAIGHT LINE
Draw a circle of diameter 80 mm and determine its centre.
Procedure Draw three circles of diameter 40mm touching each other
Join the given points ABC with straight lines AB and BC. READING ASSIGNMENT
Draw the perpendicular bisector of the two lines AB and BC to intersect at point D. Read construction of tangents to a circle
The point of intersection D is the centre of the circle. With point D as centre, set the pencil point of MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, book 2 page 73-76
the compasses to any of the three given point A, B or C NERDC, Basic technology for JSS book 2, page 44-45.
Swing your compass through the three points to produce the circle. WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

HOW TO DRAW A SERIES OF CIRCLES TOUCHING ONE ANOTHER ON THE TWO The part of the circle that is bounded by an arc or cord is (a) segment (b) sector (c) diameter (d)
CONVERGING LINES tangent.

A straight line drawn through the centre, meeting the circumference at both ends is called (a)
sector (b)radius (c) diameter (d) tangent

A plane figure bounded by a curved line called circumference is called——-(a) triangle (b) circle (c)
quadrilaterals (d) curved line

Any straight line drawn across the circle, meeting the circumference at both ends is called (a)
chord (b) tangent (c) radius (d) diameter

Which of the following can be used to draw a circle? (a) protractor (b) French curve (c) compass
(d) template
HOW TO CONSTRUCT A TANGENT TO A CIRCLE FROM A GIVEN POINT OUTSIDE
THEORY THE CIRCLE
Draw a circle of radius 35mm and divide it into 12 equal sizes.
Procedure
Draw a circle and with shaded portion show (i) quadrant (ii) sector (iii) segment inside the circle.
Draw the given circle with centre O.
WEEK TEN
Indicate the point P to centre O
TOPIC: CONSTRUCTION OF TANGENT TO A CIRCLE Join point P to the centre O.

CONTENT Construct a semicircle on OP to cut the circle at A.

Construction Of Tangent To A Given Circle. A is point of tangency on the circle.

Draw a line to join P to A to give the required.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A TANGENT TO A CIRCLE AT A GIVEN POINT ON THE
CIRCUMFERENCE HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE OF A GIVEN RADIUS TO TOUCH A GIVEN
STRAIGHT LINE AND CIRCLE
Procedure

Draw the given circle with centre O Procedure

Indicate the given point P. Draw the given straight line AB, and a circle O

Draw a line from centre O to pass through point P to extend outside the circle. Draw a line parallel to line AB at a distance equal to the radius of the required circle.

With centre P and radius OP, draw an arc to cut the extended line at A. Take this length (radius of required circle R2 + radius of given circle R1.

Bisect line OA. With O as centre, draw an arc to cut the parallel line at C.

Join the bisecting points with a line BC With centre C and radius CD, draw required circles.

BC is the required tangent

 MELROSE, Basic Science and Technology, book 2 page 73-76
NERDC, Basic technology for JSS book 2, page 44-45.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

The angle that FC makes when constructed perpendicular with line AB is _______ (a) 1800 (b)
2700 (c) 900 (d) 1200

The line FC is called __________ (a) vertical (b) perpendicular (c) Horizontal (d) incline

Which of the following drawing materials cannot be used to construct a straight line? (a) Compass
(b) protractor (c) Ruler (d) pencils
HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE TO TOUCH THREE GIVEN LINES
Angles that sum up to 1800 is called __________ (a) supplementary (b) complementary (c)
Procedures Reflex (d) obtuse

Draw the three given lines. The line for all visible outlines is called ____________ (a) Thin continuous line (b) Thick
continuous line (c) short dashes (d) Zig – Zag lines.
Bisect the two angles.
THEORY
The Bisecting lines should be extended to intersect at O.

O is the centre of the required circle.

Draw a line perpendicular to any side from centre O to give A.

With centre O and radius OA draw the required circle.

HOW TO CONSTRUCT A CIRCLE OR AN ARC OF A GIVEN RADIUS TO TOUCH TWO

GIVEN CONVERGING LINES
Draw a tangent to a circle of radius 30mm from a point ‘P ‘70mm outside the circle.
Procedure With the aid of compasses and a ruler construct angle 600 and 300.

Draw the given lines AB and AC

Draw lines parallel to AB and AC at a distance equal to the radius R of the circle.

Extend the lines to intersect at O.

Draw a line perpendicular to AB or AC from O.

With centre O, and radius OD draw the arc to touch the two converging lines.

EVALUATION

Draw a tangent to a circle of radius 40mm from a point ‘P ‘80mm outside the circle.

With the aid of compasses and a ruler construct angle 600 and 300

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read more on construction of tangents.