CSEC Add Maths

Paper 2

June 2024

Solutions
 SECTION I

ALGEBRA, SEQUENCES AND SERIES

ALL working must be clearly shown.

1. (a) (i) Determine the other linear factors of the polynomial 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 16,

given that 𝑥 − 2 is a factor. [3]

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 16.

We are given that (𝑥 − 2) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑥).

By long division,

3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8
𝑥 − 2 | 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 16
3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2
14𝑥 2 − 20𝑥
14𝑥 2 − 28𝑥
8𝑥 − 16
8𝑥 − 16
0

So, we have,

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8)

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4)

∴ The other linear factors besides (𝑥 − 2) are (3𝑥 + 2) and (𝑥 + 4 ).

 (ii) Hence, simplify the multiplication

3𝑥 3 +8𝑥 2 −20𝑥−16 𝑥+2

× 𝑥+4 [2]
𝑥 2 −4

From above, 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 16 = (𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4).

3𝑥 3 +8𝑥 2 −20𝑥−16 𝑥+2

= × 𝑥+4
𝑥 2 −4

(𝑥−2)(3𝑥+2)(𝑥+4) 𝑥+2
= (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
× 𝑥+4

= 3𝑥 + 2

(b) The equation 𝑘𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 15 = 10 has roots 𝛼 and 𝛽, where 𝑘 ∈ 𝕎.

(i) Determine expressions for

• 𝛼+𝛽

• 𝛼𝛽 [2]

𝑘𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 15 = 10

𝑘𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 15 − 10 = 0

𝑘𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 25 = 0 which is in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0,

where 𝑎 = 𝑘, 𝑏 = 1 and 𝑐 = −25.

𝑏
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑎

1
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑘

𝑐
𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎

25
𝛼𝛽 = − 𝑘
 61
(ii) Given that 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = , use the expressions in (b)(i) to determine
4

the value of 𝑘. [4]

(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 = 𝛼 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽 2

𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 2𝛼𝛽

61 1 2 25
= (− 𝑘) − 2 (− 𝑘 )
4

61 1 50
= +
4 𝑘2 𝑘

(× 4𝑘 2 )

61𝑘 2 = 4 + 200𝑘

61𝑘 2 − 200𝑘 − 4 = 0 which is in the form 𝑎𝑘 2 + 𝑏𝑘 + 𝑐,

where 𝑎 = 61, 𝑏 = −200 and 𝑐 = −4.

Using the quadratic equation,

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑘= 2𝑎

−(−200)±√(−200)2 −4(61)(−4)
𝑘= 2(61)

200±√40976
𝑘= 122

200−√40976 200+√40976
Either 𝑘= or 𝑘=
122 122

𝑘 = −0.02 (to 3 s.f.) 𝑘 = 3.3 (to 3 s.f.)

(Since 𝑘 ∈ 𝕎, an error lies in the question and not in the solution)

Since 𝑘 ∈ 𝕎, the only possible whole number close to 3.3 is 𝑘 = 3.

∴ The value of 𝑘 is 𝑘 = 3.
(c) For the quadratic function 𝑔(𝑥) = −5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2, determine the exact value

of the maximum point and the range using the method of completing the

square, or otherwise. [4]

= −5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2

4
= −5 (𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥) + 2

4 4 4
= −5 (𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥 + 25) + 2 + 5 (25)

2 2 4
= −5 (𝑥 + 5) + 2 + 5

2 2 14
= −5 (𝑥 + 5) + which is in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 𝑘,
5

2 14
where 𝑎 = −5, ℎ = 5 and 𝑘 = .
5

The maximum point is of the form (−ℎ, 𝑘).

2 14
So, the exact value of the maximum point is (− 5 , 5 ).

14
The range is 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ .
5

14
In other words, the range is (−∞, 5 ).

Total: 15 marks
2. (a) Write the expression 2 log 3 𝑥 + 2 − log 3 𝑦 as a single term. [3]

= 2 log 3 𝑥 + 2 − log 3 𝑦

= log 3 𝑥 2 + 2 log 3 3 − log 3 𝑦 [∵ log 3 3 = 1]

= log 3 𝑥 2 + log 3 32 − log 3 𝑦 [∵ 𝑛 log 𝑎 𝑏 = log 𝑎 𝑏 𝑛 ]

= log 3 𝑥 2 + log 3 9 − log 3 𝑦

= log 3 9𝑥 2 − log 3 𝑦 [∵ log 𝑥 𝑎 + log 𝑥 𝑏 = log 𝑥 𝑎𝑏]

9𝑥 2 𝑎
= log 3 [∵ log 𝑥 𝑎 − log 𝑥 𝑏 = log 𝑥 (𝑏)]
𝑦

(b) (i) By using logarithms, express the relationship 𝑉 = 7 × 5𝑡 in linear

form. [2]

𝑉 = 7 × 5𝑡

Taking logs on both sides:

log 𝑉 = log(7 × 5𝑡 )

log 𝑉 = log 7 + log 5𝑡 [∵ log 𝑥 𝑎𝑏 = log 𝑥 𝑎 + log 𝑥 𝑏]

log 𝑉 = log 7 + 𝑡 log 5 [∵ log 𝑥 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑥 𝑎]

log 𝑉 = 𝑡 log 5 + log 7

which is in the form 𝑌 = 𝑚𝑋 + 𝑐,

where 𝑌 = log 𝑉 , 𝑚 = log 5 , 𝑋 = 𝑡 and 𝑐 = log 7.

(ii) Hence, state the value of the gradient of the line which represents the

relationship in (b)(i). [1]

The gradient of the line is 𝑚 = log 5.

 1+√2
(c) Rationalize the denominator of the expression 3−√2 . [4]

1+√2 1+√2 3+√2

= 3−√2 × 3+√2
3−√2

1+√2 (1+√2)(3+√2)
= (3−
3−√2 √2)(3+√2)

1+√2 3+√2+3√2+2
=
3−√2 9−2

1+√2 5+4√2
=
3−√2 7

(d) Evaluate ∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 . [3]

∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 = 50−2 + 51−2 + 52−2 + 53−2 + 54−2

∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 = 5−2 + 5−1 + 50 + 51 + 52

1 1
∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 = + + 1 + 5 + 25
25 5

781
∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 =
25

∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 = 31.24

(e) Determine whether the following sequence is divergent or convergent.

Justify your response. [2]

2 4 8
1, −3 , , − 27 , …
9

2
Let 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑟 = − 3 .

So, we have,
𝑇1 = 1

2 1 2
𝑇2 = 1 (− 3) = − 3

2 2 4
𝑇3 = 1 (− 3) = 9

2 3 8
𝑇4 = 1 (− 3) = − 27

The 𝑛th term of the series can be expressed as 𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 .

The series is a geometric progression where 𝑎 = 1 and the common ratio is

2
𝑟 = −3.

We can deduced that |𝑟| < 1.

The sum to infinity is:

𝑎
𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟

1
𝑆∞ = 2
1−(− )
3

1
𝑆∞ = 2
1+
3

1
𝑆∞ = 5
3

3
𝑆∞ =
5

3
So, the sequence converges to a limit of 5 .

∴ The sequence is convergent.

Total: 15 marks
 SECTION II

COORDINATE GEOMETRY, VECTORS AND TRIGONOMETRY

ALL working must be clearly shown.

3. (a) Determine the points of intersection of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8 = 0

and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 6. [5]

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8 = 0 → Equation 1

𝑦 =𝑥−6 → Equation 2

Substituting Equation 2 into Equation 1 gives:

𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 6)2 − 4𝑥 + 6(𝑥 − 6) + 8 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 36 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 36 + 8 = 0

2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8 = 0

(÷ 2)

𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0

(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4) = 0

Either 𝑥−1=0 or 𝑥−4 =0

𝑥=1 𝑥=4

When 𝑥 = 1,

𝑦 =1−6

𝑦 = −5
 When 𝑥 = 4,

𝑦 =4−6

𝑦 = −2

∴ The points of intersection are (1, −5) and (4, −2).

(b) (i) Given that the coordinates of the points 𝐴 and 𝐵 are (7, −3) and (2, 1)

respectively, state the position vectors corresponding to the points 𝐴 and

𝐵 in the form 𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂. [1]

The point 𝐴 is (7, −3).

So, the position vector is

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 7𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂

𝑂𝐴 which is in the form 𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂,

where 𝑥 = 7 and 𝑦 = −3.

The point 𝐵 is (2, 1).

So, the position vector is

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑂𝐵 which is in the form 𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂,

where 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 1.

∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 7𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
∴ 𝑂𝐵
(ii) Determine ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 . [2]

Using the triangle law,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐴

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ − (7𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂)

𝐴𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ − 7𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −5𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂

𝐴𝐵 which is in the form 𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂,

where 𝑥 = −5 and 𝑦 = 4.

(iii) Calculate the value of the scalar product 𝑶𝑨 ⋅ 𝑶𝑩. [2]

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 7𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 7 )
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2)
𝑂𝐵
−3 1

The scalar product is,

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 7 ) ⋅ (2)

𝑂𝐴 ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
−3 1

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (7)(2) + (−3)(1)

𝑂𝐴 ⋅ 𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 14 − 3

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 11
𝑂𝐴 ⋅ 𝑂𝐵

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
∴ The value of the scalar product 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 11.
(c) (i) Using the letters 𝑝, 𝑞 or 𝑟, write an expression for EACH of the following

trigonometric ratios. [2]

𝒑 𝒒

𝜃
𝒓

sin 𝜃 =

𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝

𝑝
sin 𝜃 = 𝑞

cos 𝜃 =

𝑎𝑑𝑗
cos 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝

𝑟
cos 𝜃 = 𝑞

(ii) Using your answers in (c)(i), determine the value of sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃.

Recall that sin2 𝜃 = (sin 𝜃)2 . [4]

𝑝 𝑟
We have: sin 𝜃 = 𝑞 and cos 𝜃 = 𝑞

Using Pythagoras’ Theorem,

𝑝2 + 𝑟 2 = 𝑞 2 → Equation 1
 Now,

sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = (sin 𝜃)2 + (cos 𝜃)2

𝑝 2 𝑟 2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = (𝑞 ) + (𝑞)

𝑝2 𝑟2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 𝑞2 + 𝑞2

𝑝2 +𝑟 2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 𝑞2

𝑞2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = [from Equation 1]
𝑞2

sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

∴ The value of sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1.

1 1
(d) Prove the identity tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 . [4]

Taking L.H.S:

1 sin 𝐴 1
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = cos 𝐴 + sin 𝐴
( )
cos 𝐴

1 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = cos 𝐴 + sin 𝐴

1 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

1 1
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

1
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = R.H.S

1 1
∴ tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

Q.E.D.

Total: 20 marks
 SECTION III

INTRODUCTORY CALCULUS

ALL working must be clearly shown.

4. (a) (i) Use the definition of the derivative as a limit to find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) for the function

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3. [4]

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3

By the definition of the derivative as a limit,

𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

(𝑥+ℎ)2 −3−(𝑥 2 −3)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑥 2 +2𝑥ℎ+ℎ2 −3−𝑥2 +3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

2𝑥ℎ+ℎ2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

ℎ(2𝑥+ℎ)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim (2𝑥 + ℎ)

ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 0

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥

∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥
 (ii) Hence, determine the value of 𝑓 ′′ (5). [2]

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥

𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 2

So, for any value of 𝑥, 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 2.

∴ 𝑓 ′′ (5) = 2

sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1
(b) Given that 𝑦 = , show that = . [4]
cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑥

sin 𝑥 𝑢
𝑦 = cos 𝑥 which is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑣 .

Let 𝑢 = sin 𝑥 and 𝑣 = cos 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Using the quotient rule,

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑦 𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣2

𝑑𝑦 (cos 𝑥)(cos 𝑥)−(sin 𝑥)(− sin 𝑥)

= (cos 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 cos2 𝑥+sin2 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1
= cos2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = cos2 𝑥
Q.E.D.
(c) The equation of a curve is given by 𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 − 7)4 . Determine the equation of

the gradient of the curve. [5]

𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 − 7)4

Let 𝑡 = 5𝑥 2 − 7 , 𝑦 = 𝑡4

𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦
= 10𝑥 = 4𝑡 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡

Using chain rule,

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= × 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑡 3 × 10𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 4(5𝑥 2 − 7)3 × 10𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 40𝑥(5𝑥 2 − 7)3
𝑑𝑥

Alternatively,

𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 − 7)4

𝑑𝑦
= 4(10𝑥)(5𝑥 2 − 7)4−1
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 40𝑥(5𝑥 2 − 7)3
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
∴ The equation of the gradient of the curve is 𝑑𝑥 = 40𝑥(5𝑥 2 − 7)3 .

Total: 15 marks
5. (a) The region enclosed between the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1, the 𝑥-axis, the 𝑦-axis and

the line 𝑥 = 2 is rotated about the 𝑥-axis through an angle of 360°.

Calculate the volume of the solid of revolution that is formed. [5]

Consider the diagram below:

𝑦

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1

𝑥
0 2

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1

𝑦 2 = (𝑥 2 + 1)2

𝑦 2 = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1

𝑏
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 ∫𝑎 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

2
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 ∫0 (𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥

2
𝑥5 2𝑥 3
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 [ 5 + + 𝑥]
3 0

(2)5 2(2)3 (0)5 2(0)3

Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 [( + + (2)) − ( + + (0))]
5 3 5 3

32 16
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 [( 5 + + 2) − 0]
3

206𝜋
Volume about 𝑥-axis = units 3
15

206𝜋
∴ The volume of the solid of revolution that is formed is units3 .
15
(b) As a particle moves along a straight line, its displacement is measured from a

fixed point, 𝑂, on the line. At time 𝑡 seconds, the acceleration, 𝑎, is given by

𝑎 = 24𝑡 − 14.

(i) Find the expression for the velocity, 𝑣, of the particle, given that when

𝑡 = 1, 𝑣 = 3 𝑚𝑠 −1 . [3]

𝑎 = 24𝑡 − 14

𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡

𝑣 = ∫(24𝑡 − 14) 𝑑𝑡

24𝑡 2
𝑣= − 14𝑡 + 𝑐
2

𝑣 = 12𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 𝑐

When 𝑡 = 1 and 𝑣 = 3 𝑚𝑠 −1,

3 = 12(1)2 − 14(1) + 𝑐

3 = 12 − 14 + 𝑐

3 = −2 + 𝑐

3+2=𝑐

5=𝑐

∴ The expression for the velocity, 𝑣 = 12𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 5.

(ii) Using your answer in (b)(i), find an expression for the displacement,

𝑠, of the particle, given that when 𝑡 = 1, 𝑠 = 10 𝑚. [3]

𝑣 = 12𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 5

𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡

𝑠 = ∫(12𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 5) 𝑑𝑡

12𝑡 3 14𝑡 2
𝑠= − + 5𝑡 + 𝑐
3 2

𝑠 = 4𝑡 3 − 7𝑡 2 + 5𝑡 + 𝑐

When 𝑡 = 1 and 𝑠 = 10 𝑚,

10 = 4(1)3 − 7(1)2 + 5(1) + 𝑐

10 = 4 − 7 + 5 + 𝑐

10 = 2 + 𝑐

10 − 2 = 𝑐

8=𝑐

∴ The expression for the displacement, 𝑠 = 4𝑡 3 − 7𝑡 2 + 5𝑡 + 8.

(c) The gradient function of the curve 𝐶 is given by 7 − 2𝑥. If the curve passes

through the point (3, 8), find the equation of the curve. [4]

𝑑𝑦
= 7 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = ∫(7 − 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

2𝑥 2
𝑦 = 7𝑥 − +𝑐
2

𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐

Substituting point (3, 8) into 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 gives:

(8) = 7(3) − (3)2 + 𝑐

8 = 21 − 9 + 𝑐

8 = 12 + 𝑐

8 − 12 = 𝑐

−4 = 𝑐

∴ The equation of the curve is: 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 4

Total: 15 marks
 SECTION IV

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

ALL working must be clearly shown.

6. (a) The heights of 35 children at a nursery were recorded to the nearest

centimetre. The data is shown below.

61 118 79 90 83 70 80

95 75 76 92 62 115 79

71 103 109 84 65 86 92

111 78 94 74 99 81 108

108 67 109 92 79 116 62

(i) Display the data shown above on a stem-and-leaf diagram. [3]

The stem-and-leaf diagram is shown below:

6 1 2 2 5 7

7 0 1 4 5 6 8 9 9 9

8 0 1 3 4 6

9 0 2 2 2 4 5 9

10 3 8 8 9 9

11 1 5 6 8

Key: 6|1 means 61

(ii) From the stem-and-leaf diagram in (a)(i), determine the value of the

• median

𝑛+1
The median occurs at = 2

35+1
The median occurs at = 2

36
The median occurs at = 2

The median occurs at = 18th value

From the stem-and-leaf diagram, the 18th value is 84.

∴ Median = 84

• lower quartile

𝑛+1
The value of 𝑄1 occurs at = 4

35+1
The value of 𝑄1 occurs at = 4

36
The value of 𝑄1 occurs at = 4

The value of 𝑄1 occurs at = 9th value

From the stem-and-leaf diagram, the 9th value is 75.

∴ The value of the lower quartile is 𝑄1 = 75.

 • upper quartile [3]

3(𝑛+1)
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4

3(35+1)
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4

3(36)
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4

108
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4

The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 27th value

From the stem-and-leaf diagram, the 27th value is 103.

∴ The value of the upper quartile is 𝑄3 = 103.

(iii) At another nearby nursery, the heights of children of the same age

were recorded. The median height was 79 𝑐𝑚 and the interquartile

range was 24 𝑐𝑚.

Compare the characteristics of the two groups of children at the two

nurseries and describe ONE distinct observation about the

distributions. [2]

For the first nursery,

𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1

𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 103 − 75

𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 28 𝑐𝑚
The first nursery has a larger 𝐼𝑄𝑅 than the second nursery which

indicates that the data in the first nursery has a greater spread than

the data in the second nursery.

Comparing the medians, the median of the data for the first nursery is

greater than the median for the second nursery. It can be deduced

that the children in the first nursery are taller when compared to the

children in the second nursery.

(b) (i) A bag contains 6 red marbles and 5 black marbles. During 2 rounds of a

marble game, a student is required to randomly draw 1 marble without

replacement for each round. Construct a probability tree diagram to

represent this information. [4]

Let 𝑅 represent the event of choosing a red marble.

Let 𝐵 represent the event of choosing a black marble.

The probability tree diagram is shown below:

5
𝑃(𝑅2 |𝑅1 ) = 10

6
𝑃(𝑅1 ) = 11
5
𝑃(𝐵2 |𝑅1 ) = 10

6
5
𝑃(𝑅2 |𝐵1 ) = 10
𝑃(𝐵1 ) = 11 P(sa

4
𝑃(𝐵2 |𝐵1 ) = 10
 (ii) Using your answer in (b)(i), find the probability that the marbles drawn

are ALL the SAME colour. [4]

𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 𝑃(𝑅1 𝑅2 ) + 𝑃(𝐵1 𝐵2 )

𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 𝑃(𝑅1 )𝑃(𝑅2 |𝑅1 ) + 𝑃(𝐵1 )𝑃(𝐵2|𝐵1)

6 5 5 4
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = (11) (10) + (11) (10)

30 20
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 110 + 110

50
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 110

5
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 11

5
∴ The probability that the marbles drawn are all the same colour is 11 .

(c) Given two events, 𝐴 and 𝐵, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.7, 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 and 𝑃(𝐵 ′ ) = 0.6.

(i) Calculate 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵). [3]

𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐵′ )

𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − 0.6

𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4

Now,

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

0.7 = 0.3 + 0.4 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

0.7 = 0.7 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.7 − 0.7

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0
 (ii) What is the relationship between Events 𝐴 and 𝐵? [1]

Since 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0, then events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually exclusive

events.

Total: 20 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.