CSEC Add Maths - Paper 2 - June 2024 - Solutio
CSEC Add Maths - Paper 2 - June 2024 - Solutio
Paper 2
June 2024
Solutions
SECTION I
1. (a) (i) Determine the other linear factors of the polynomial 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 16,
By long division,
3𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 8
𝑥 − 2 | 3𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 16
3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2
14𝑥 2 − 20𝑥
14𝑥 2 − 28𝑥
8𝑥 − 16
8𝑥 − 16
0
So, we have,
(𝑥−2)(3𝑥+2)(𝑥+4) 𝑥+2
= (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
× 𝑥+4
= 3𝑥 + 2
• 𝛼+𝛽
• 𝛼𝛽 [2]
𝑘𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 15 = 10
𝑘𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 15 − 10 = 0
𝑏
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑎
1
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑘
𝑐
𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎
25
𝛼𝛽 = − 𝑘
61
(ii) Given that 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = , use the expressions in (b)(i) to determine
4
(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 = 𝛼 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽 2
𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 2𝛼𝛽
61 1 2 25
= (− 𝑘) − 2 (− 𝑘 )
4
61 1 50
= +
4 𝑘2 𝑘
(× 4𝑘 2 )
61𝑘 2 = 4 + 200𝑘
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑘= 2𝑎
−(−200)±√(−200)2 −4(61)(−4)
𝑘= 2(61)
200±√40976
𝑘= 122
200−√40976 200+√40976
Either 𝑘= or 𝑘=
122 122
∴ The value of 𝑘 is 𝑘 = 3.
(c) For the quadratic function 𝑔(𝑥) = −5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2, determine the exact value
of the maximum point and the range using the method of completing the
= −5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2
4
= −5 (𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥) + 2
4 4 4
= −5 (𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥 + 25) + 2 + 5 (25)
2 2 4
= −5 (𝑥 + 5) + 2 + 5
2 2 14
= −5 (𝑥 + 5) + which is in the form 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 𝑘,
5
2 14
where 𝑎 = −5, ℎ = 5 and 𝑘 = .
5
2 14
So, the exact value of the maximum point is (− 5 , 5 ).
14
The range is 𝑔(𝑥) ≤ .
5
14
In other words, the range is (−∞, 5 ).
Total: 15 marks
2. (a) Write the expression 2 log 3 𝑥 + 2 − log 3 𝑦 as a single term. [3]
= 2 log 3 𝑥 + 2 − log 3 𝑦
9𝑥 2 𝑎
= log 3 [∵ log 𝑥 𝑎 − log 𝑥 𝑏 = log 𝑥 (𝑏)]
𝑦
form. [2]
𝑉 = 7 × 5𝑡
log 𝑉 = log(7 × 5𝑡 )
(ii) Hence, state the value of the gradient of the line which represents the
1+√2 (1+√2)(3+√2)
= (3−
3−√2 √2)(3+√2)
1+√2 3+√2+3√2+2
=
3−√2 9−2
1+√2 5+4√2
=
3−√2 7
1 1
∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 = + + 1 + 5 + 25
25 5
781
∑4𝑖=0 5𝑖−2 =
25
2
Let 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑟 = − 3 .
So, we have,
𝑇1 = 1
2 1 2
𝑇2 = 1 (− 3) = − 3
2 2 4
𝑇3 = 1 (− 3) = 9
2 3 8
𝑇4 = 1 (− 3) = − 27
1
𝑆∞ = 2
1−(− )
3
1
𝑆∞ = 2
1+
3
1
𝑆∞ = 5
3
3
𝑆∞ =
5
3
So, the sequence converges to a limit of 5 .
Total: 15 marks
SECTION II
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8 = 0 → Equation 1
𝑦 =𝑥−6 → Equation 2
𝑥 2 + (𝑥 − 6)2 − 4𝑥 + 6(𝑥 − 6) + 8 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 36 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 36 + 8 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 8 = 0
(÷ 2)
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
𝑥=1 𝑥=4
When 𝑥 = 1,
𝑦 =1−6
𝑦 = −5
When 𝑥 = 4,
𝑦 =4−6
𝑦 = −2
(b) (i) Given that the coordinates of the points 𝐴 and 𝐵 are (7, −3) and (2, 1)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑂𝐵 which is in the form 𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂,
where 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 1.
∴ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 7𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
∴ 𝑂𝐵
(ii) Determine ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 . [2]
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ − 7𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂
where 𝑥 = −5 and 𝑦 = 4.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 7𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 7 )
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2)
𝑂𝐵
−3 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 14 − 3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 11
𝑂𝐴 ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅ 𝑂𝐵
∴ The value of the scalar product 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 11.
(c) (i) Using the letters 𝑝, 𝑞 or 𝑟, write an expression for EACH of the following
𝒑 𝒒
𝜃
𝒓
sin 𝜃 =
𝑜𝑝𝑝
sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝
𝑝
sin 𝜃 = 𝑞
cos 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗
cos 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝
𝑟
cos 𝜃 = 𝑞
(ii) Using your answers in (c)(i), determine the value of sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃.
𝑝 𝑟
We have: sin 𝜃 = 𝑞 and cos 𝜃 = 𝑞
𝑝2 + 𝑟 2 = 𝑞 2 → Equation 1
Now,
𝑝 2 𝑟 2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = (𝑞 ) + (𝑞)
𝑝2 𝑟2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 𝑞2 + 𝑞2
𝑝2 +𝑟 2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 𝑞2
𝑞2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = [from Equation 1]
𝑞2
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
1 1
(d) Prove the identity tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 . [4]
Taking L.H.S:
1 sin 𝐴 1
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = cos 𝐴 + sin 𝐴
( )
cos 𝐴
1 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = cos 𝐴 + sin 𝐴
1 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
1 1
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
1
tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = R.H.S
1 1
∴ tan 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
Q.E.D.
Total: 20 marks
SECTION III
INTRODUCTORY CALCULUS
4. (a) (i) Use the definition of the derivative as a limit to find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) for the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3. [4]
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑥 2 +2𝑥ℎ+ℎ2 −3−𝑥2 +3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2𝑥ℎ+ℎ2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ(2𝑥+ℎ)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 0
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥
∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥
(ii) Hence, determine the value of 𝑓 ′′ (5). [2]
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 2
∴ 𝑓 ′′ (5) = 2
sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1
(b) Given that 𝑦 = , show that = . [4]
cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑥
sin 𝑥 𝑢
𝑦 = cos 𝑥 which is in the form 𝑦 = 𝑣 .
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos2 𝑥+sin2 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= cos2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = cos2 𝑥
Q.E.D.
(c) The equation of a curve is given by 𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 − 7)4 . Determine the equation of
𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 − 7)4
Let 𝑡 = 5𝑥 2 − 7 , 𝑦 = 𝑡4
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦
= 10𝑥 = 4𝑡 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= × 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑡 3 × 10𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4(5𝑥 2 − 7)3 × 10𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 40𝑥(5𝑥 2 − 7)3
𝑑𝑥
Alternatively,
𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 − 7)4
𝑑𝑦
= 4(10𝑥)(5𝑥 2 − 7)4−1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 40𝑥(5𝑥 2 − 7)3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ The equation of the gradient of the curve is 𝑑𝑥 = 40𝑥(5𝑥 2 − 7)3 .
Total: 15 marks
5. (a) The region enclosed between the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1, the 𝑥-axis, the 𝑦-axis and
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1
𝑥
0 2
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1
𝑦 2 = (𝑥 2 + 1)2
𝑦 2 = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1
𝑏
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 ∫𝑎 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
2
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 ∫0 (𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥5 2𝑥 3
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 [ 5 + + 𝑥]
3 0
32 16
Volume about 𝑥-axis = 𝜋 [( 5 + + 2) − 0]
3
206𝜋
Volume about 𝑥-axis = units 3
15
206𝜋
∴ The volume of the solid of revolution that is formed is units3 .
15
(b) As a particle moves along a straight line, its displacement is measured from a
𝑎 = 24𝑡 − 14.
(i) Find the expression for the velocity, 𝑣, of the particle, given that when
𝑡 = 1, 𝑣 = 3 𝑚𝑠 −1 . [3]
𝑎 = 24𝑡 − 14
𝑣 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡
𝑣 = ∫(24𝑡 − 14) 𝑑𝑡
24𝑡 2
𝑣= − 14𝑡 + 𝑐
2
𝑣 = 12𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 𝑐
3 = 12(1)2 − 14(1) + 𝑐
3 = 12 − 14 + 𝑐
3 = −2 + 𝑐
3+2=𝑐
5=𝑐
𝑣 = 12𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 5
𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 = ∫(12𝑡 2 − 14𝑡 + 5) 𝑑𝑡
12𝑡 3 14𝑡 2
𝑠= − + 5𝑡 + 𝑐
3 2
𝑠 = 4𝑡 3 − 7𝑡 2 + 5𝑡 + 𝑐
When 𝑡 = 1 and 𝑠 = 10 𝑚,
10 = 4 − 7 + 5 + 𝑐
10 = 2 + 𝑐
10 − 2 = 𝑐
8=𝑐
through the point (3, 8), find the equation of the curve. [4]
𝑑𝑦
= 7 − 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = ∫(7 − 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2
𝑦 = 7𝑥 − +𝑐
2
𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐
8 = 21 − 9 + 𝑐
8 = 12 + 𝑐
8 − 12 = 𝑐
−4 = 𝑐
Total: 15 marks
SECTION IV
61 118 79 90 83 70 80
95 75 76 92 62 115 79
71 103 109 84 65 86 92
111 78 94 74 99 81 108
6 1 2 2 5 7
7 0 1 4 5 6 8 9 9 9
8 0 1 3 4 6
9 0 2 2 2 4 5 9
10 3 8 8 9 9
11 1 5 6 8
• median
𝑛+1
The median occurs at = 2
35+1
The median occurs at = 2
36
The median occurs at = 2
∴ Median = 84
• lower quartile
𝑛+1
The value of 𝑄1 occurs at = 4
35+1
The value of 𝑄1 occurs at = 4
36
The value of 𝑄1 occurs at = 4
3(𝑛+1)
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4
3(35+1)
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4
3(36)
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4
108
The value of 𝑄3 occurs at = 4
(iii) At another nearby nursery, the heights of children of the same age
distributions. [2]
𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 103 − 75
𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 28 𝑐𝑚
The first nursery has a larger 𝐼𝑄𝑅 than the second nursery which
indicates that the data in the first nursery has a greater spread than
Comparing the medians, the median of the data for the first nursery is
greater than the median for the second nursery. It can be deduced
that the children in the first nursery are taller when compared to the
5
𝑃(𝑅2 |𝑅1 ) = 10
6
𝑃(𝑅1 ) = 11
5
𝑃(𝐵2 |𝑅1 ) = 10
6
5
𝑃(𝑅2 |𝐵1 ) = 10
𝑃(𝐵1 ) = 11 P(sa
4
𝑃(𝐵2 |𝐵1 ) = 10
(ii) Using your answer in (b)(i), find the probability that the marbles drawn
6 5 5 4
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = (11) (10) + (11) (10)
30 20
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 110 + 110
50
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 110
5
𝑃(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 11
5
∴ The probability that the marbles drawn are all the same colour is 11 .
(c) Given two events, 𝐴 and 𝐵, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.7, 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 and 𝑃(𝐵 ′ ) = 0.6.
𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐵′ )
𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − 0.6
𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4
Now,
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0
(ii) What is the relationship between Events 𝐴 and 𝐵? [1]
events.
Total: 20 marks
END OF TEST
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.