STS (NOTES/REVIEWER)

- yoj’s

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO STS
∙ Common interest

∙ May have distinctive cultures and institutions

HOW DO WE DEFINE:

❖ Note: Without scientific knowledge there’s no

technology, and without technology, the society will
suffer
⮚ Science drives technology by making new technology
possible through scientific breakthroughs
SCIENCE ⮚ Engineers focus on using science to develop products ⮚
- Came from a Latin word Without technology, some science experiments would not be
“SCIENTIA” that means possible.
knowledge ⮚ Without science, technology could not proceed. ⮚ The very
- A system of acquiring questions that scientists ask are shaped by the available
knowledge based on the technology.
scientific method
- A process used to solve
problems or develop an
understanding of nature
TECHNOLOGY
- Greek words “TECHNE” = “art, craft, or skill”
“LOGOS” = to speak of; to imply the practical
application of techne
- Refers to methods, systems, and devices that uses
scientific knowledge for practical purposes WHAT IS STS?
- Humans attempt to change the world by producing
products that make our life easier - A relatively young field = previously independent
and older disciplines
SOCIETY
∙ History of Science
- Latin word “SOCIETAS” = a friendly association with
others ∙ Philosophy of Science
- A large of people who lived together
∙ Sociology of Science
∙ Organized way - It applies methods drawn from history, philosophy, and
sociology to study the nature of science and
∙ Making decisions
technology and ultimately judge their value and place
∙ Sharing the work in society
- Seeks to bridge humanities and natural sciences
 MODULE

2: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND STS HISTORICAL

DEVELOPMENTS
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN WHICH SOCIAL
CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED THE COURSE OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD AND IN THE
PHILIPPINES
ANTECEDENTS
- A precursor to the unfolding/existence of something
- Things that exist now are simpler than those that
existed before.

- In science and technology paved way for the presence of

∙ Tablet
advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological
innovations today.
SHADOOF
ANCIENT PERIOD
- A tool used to irrigate land
- Ancient civilization paved way for the advancement in - A tool used to irrigate land
science and technology - A hand-operated device
- Ancient civilization better ways of: used for lifting water
- Introduced the idea of
∙ Communication lifting things using
counterweights
∙ Transportation
ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM
∙ Self-organization
- Discovered in 1902 and was
∙ Ways of living retrieved from the waters of
Antikythera, Greece
ANCIENT WHEEL - The world’s oldest known
- People from ancient civilization Mechanical Computer
used animals as means of created by Greek
transportation - It is a mechanism similar
- Credited to the Sumerians to a clock
∙ Circular face
POTTER’S WHEEL
- Application of the ancient ∙ Rotating hands
wheel - Used to predict
- Use to create pots/vases astronomical positions and eclipses
STS (NOTES/REVIEWER)
- yoj’s
PAPER
- Around 3000 B.C., the ancient AELOPILE
Egyptians began writing on a papyrus
- Known as the Heron’s Engine
- Cyperus papyrus – a plant native to
- The world’s first steam engine
Nile River
- Spins as the water containers at its
- Before, writing and record keeping is center is heated
done on: - Doesn’t served any practical
∙ Stones purpose (decoration only)
- It is believed to be one of the temple wonders
 MIDDLE AGES - Historical period when people realized the importance
of the efficiency of transportation, communication
- Major advances in scientific and technological and production
development - Industrialization took place but with greater risk on human
- These advancements include constant increase of: ∙ health, food safety and environment
new inventions TELESCOPE
∙ innovations in traditional production - Invented by Galileo Galilei
- Can magnify 20x larger than a regular
∙ the emergence of scientific thinking and method glass
- Used to discover important
HEAVY PLOUGH
astronomical features moon’s crates
- “The heavy plough turned and stars
European agriculture and
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
economy on its head. The
fields - Invented by Zacharias
with heavy, fatty soil Janssen in 1590s
became - Nowadays compound
those that gave the greatest microscope, is used in many
yields.” – Prof Thomas scientific studies in the area of medicine, forensic, and
Andersen genetics
- Northern Europe saw rapid economic prosperity
JACQUARD LOOM
GUNPOWDER
- Built by Joseph Marie Jacquard
- Around 850 A.D., Chinese alchemist accidentally - Simplifies textiles manufacturing
invented the gun powder - Prior to this invention, a draw loom is
- Prior to the invention of gun powder, swords and spears – used w/c requires 2 persons to
in battles and wars operate
- Allowed advanced warfare
ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANE
∙ Fiery arrows
- Invented by Orville Wright
∙ Grenades & Wilbur Wright
- They demonstrated that
∙ Cannons slightly- tilted wings are the
key features of a flying aircraft
PAPER MONEY
FIRST AUTOMOBILE
- First used by Chinese in 17th century - Before the
introduction of, merchants and trade used precious metals - First stationary gasoline engine
such as gold and silver - Developed by Carl Benz
- Easier to keep and transport - A one-cylinder two-stroke unit
which ran for the 1st time on
MECHANICAL CLOCK
New Year’s Eve 1879
- Helped the people in accurately - A lightweight car powered by a
keeping the track of time gasoline engine, in w/c the
- Drastically changed the way of chassis and engine formed a
spending the day and work single unit
patterns
TELEVISION
were established
- The first mechanical water clock - Invented by Engr. John Logie
was invented by Ctsebius Baird in 1920s
- British Broadcasting
SPINNING WHEEL
Corporation used this for its
- Used to transform fiber into thread/yarn and eventually earliest television programming
woven into cloth in 1929
- The Indians are the one invented the spinning wheel - The 1st television is mechanical and not the same as
th
between 6 and 11th century the television we have nowadays
STS (NOTES/REVIEWER)
- yoj’s

- It sped up the rate of manually spinning fiber by 10 to 20TH CENTURY INVENTIONS BY FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
100 times
VIDEOPHONE
MODERN AGES
- Invented by Physicist and Engr.
 Gregorio Zara burns
- Two-way television telephone in
∙ Wood
1955
- Enabled the caller and recipient to see ∙ Paper
each other while conversing
∙ Dried dung + leaves
MEDICAL INCUBATOR
- A bamboo incubator in 1941 ∙ Corncobs
- To help families in rural
∙ Coco shells
communities
without electricity - Invented by Narciso Mosuela
- Composed of two native - Received the Best Design award from the Food and
laundry Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 1987
baskets made of bamboo
ARTIFICIAL CORAL REEFS
- Invented by Fe Del Mundo
- First Asian to have entered Harvard University - Used for fisheries in
Southeast Asia
MOLE & WARTS REMOVER
- Invented by Angel
- Developed a patented formula that allows to remove deep Alcala in 1977
grown moles or warts - Became a model for
- Invented by Mr. Rolando Dela Cruz in 2000 - many other fisheries development programs around
Made from cashew nuts extracts the world
- Mole -a small, often slightly raised blemish on the skin
WATER-POWERED CAR
made dark by a high concentration of melanin
- Warts -are a type of skin infection caused by the human - A water-powered car and prototype
papillomavirus (HPV) (rough, skin-colored bumps - Invented by Daniel Dingel in
formed on the skin) 1969
- His hydrogen reactor uses
SUPER KALAN
electricity from a 12-volt car battery to transform
- A stove that can be powered by any substance that ordinary tap water with salt into deuterium oxide/heavy
water
STS
(NOTES/REVIEWER)
- yoj’s

- Never been patented

and commercialized
FLUORESCENT LAMP
- The product of 79 years of the
development of the lighting
method
that began w/ the invention of
the
electric light bulb by Thomas
Eddison
- The most widely used
source of lighting in the
world,
today
- Invented by Agapito Flores
- Fluorescent lamp got its name from Flores