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HW5 Solution (Modified)

HW5

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13 views

HW5 Solution (Modified)

HW5

Uploaded by

bagho27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermodynamics & Kinetics

HW 5 Solutions
October 21, 2024

Problem 1
Argon gas is noble gas, so its equation of state can be approximated
as ideal gas. Ideal gas law at n = 1 : P V = RT

(P1-1)
i) Determine volumes at 1bar and 0.3bar
V1bar = PRT = (8.31J/K)(300K)
(1.0×105 P a)
= 0.025m3
1bar
RT (8.31J/K)(300K)
V0.3bar = P0.3bar = (0.3×105 P a)
= 0.083m3

ii) Calculate work at the isothermal and reversible process


dw = −PsysdV = − RT dV
R V0.3bar RT V V0.3bar V0.3bar
∆w = − V V dV = −RT [ln V ]V1bar = −RT ln V
1bar 1bar
V1bar 3
∴ ∆w = RT ln V0.3bar = (8.31J/K)(300K) ln( 0.025m
0.083m3
) = −3.0 kJ

1
(P1-2)
Calculate work at the isothermal and irreversible process.(External
pressure: Pext = 0.3bar
dw = −PRextdV
V
∆w = − V 0.3bar PextdV = −Pext(V0.3bar − V1bar )
1bar
∴ ∆w = Pext(V1bar −V0.3bar ) = (0.3×105P a)(0.025m3 −0.083m3) =
−1.7 kJ

(P1-3)
Under isothermal process, total energy of ideal gas sremains constant
due to constant temperature. (∵ equi-partition therorem)
1st law of thermodynamics: ∆U = ∆q + ∆w = 0
∴ ∆q = −∆w = 1.7 kJ

Problem 2
Let
initial volume: Vi
final volume: Vf
Here, Vi > Vf because the process is compressing the system.

2
γ 5/3
Pi V i Pi Vi
(i) Adiabatic compression of monatoic gas: P = Vγ = V 5/3

nRT
(ii) isothermal compression of monatoic gas: P = V

Here, the magnitude of work is the area below the curves.


Their signs are positive because work is done to the gas.
∴ ∆wadiabatic > ∆wisothermal > 0

3
Problem 3
i) For simplicity, Let’s say that the system has changed from (P1, V1)
to (P2, V2), where P2 = Psurr

ii) Total energy difference is solely determined by temperature change:


∆U = 23 nR∆T = 32 (nRT2 − nRT1)
Let’s replace nRT by nRT = P V
∆U = 32 (P2V2 − P1V1)

iii) Calculate
R V2 ∆w during the irreversible process.
∆w = − V1 P2dV = −P2(V2 − V1) = P2(−V2 + V1)

iv) After adiabatic process, ∆q = 0. Accoridng to the 1st law,


∆U = ∆q + ∆w = ∆w
We’ve already determined them in (ii) and (iii).
3
2 (P2 V2 − P1 V1 ) = P2 (−V2 + V1 )
5 3
2 P 2 V 2 = 2 P1 V1 + P2 V1
5 3
2 P2 V2 = V1 ( 2 P1 + P 2 )
V2 = 25 V1( 23 PP12 + 1)
∴ V2 = V51 ( 3P 1
P2 + 2)

4
Problem 4
Let’s determine n of the gas.
(10atm)(10L)
n = PRT
i Vi
= (0.082L·atm·K −1 ·mol−1 )(298K) = 4.1 mol

(P4-1)
Isothermal process: T is constant.

i) Determine the final volume (Vf )


(4.1mol)(0.082L·atm·K −1 ·mol−1 )(298K)
Vf = nRT
P = 1atm = 100L
f

ii) Calculate change in work


∆w R
V RV
= − Vif P dV = −nRT Vif V1 dV = ... = nRT ln ( VVi ) = −23 kJ
f

iii) Determine the change in internal energy (U ):


Internal energy of ideal gas depends only on temperature. During
isothermal process, ∆U = 0.

iv) Calculate change in heat.


∆U = ∆q + ∆w = 0
∆q = −∆w = 23 kJ

∴ ∆U = 0, ∆w = −23kJ, ∆q = 23kJ

5
(P4-2)
Adiabatic process: ∆q = 0

i) Determine the final volume (Vf )


5/3 5/3
Pf Vf = Pi Vi
Vf = ( PPi )3/5Vi = ( 10atm
1atm )
3/5
(10L) = 39.8L
f

ii) Calculate the final temperature (Tf )


Pf Vf (1atm)(39.8L)
Tf = nR = (4.1mol)(0.082L·atm·K −1 ·mol−1 ) = 118K

iii) Determine the change in internal energy (U ):


∆U
= 23 nR∆T
= (1.5)(4.1mol)(0.082L · atm · K −1 · mol−1)(118K − 298K)
= −9kJ

ii) Calculate change in work


∆w = ∆U − ∆q = ∆U = −9kJ

∴ ∆U = −9kJ, ∆w = −9kJ, ∆q = 0J

(P4-3,4,5,6)
All the paths end at the point ’c’ where temperature is 119 K.
Because U depends only on temperature, the change in U is deter-
mined by the temperature difference between final and initial states.
In other words, the change in U is path-independent.

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