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Magnetic Effects - Notes

Notes for 10th grade magnetic field chapter cbse

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mcmgaming123456
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11 views

Magnetic Effects - Notes

Notes for 10th grade magnetic field chapter cbse

Uploaded by

mcmgaming123456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 13 : MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Magnetic field lines

Properties
i) Magnetic field lines are directed from north pole to south pole outside the
magnet and from south pole to north pole inside the magnet.
ii) They are always closed and continuous curves.
iii) The relative strength of the magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness
of the field lines.
iv) Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
v) In a uniform magnetic field ,the field lines are parallel and equidistant.
Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet
Pg 225 figure 13.4

Magnetic field lines around a current carrying straight conductor

Pg 227 figure 13.6 (a)

1
Right-hand thumb rule

Imagine that you are holding a current-carrying straight conductor in your right
hand such that the thumb points towards the direction of current. Then your fingers
will wrap around the conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic
field.

Magnetic field lines around a current carrying circular loop -Pg 228 figure 13.8

Magnetic field lines produced by a current carrying circular coil-Pg 229 figure 13.9

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Solenoid

A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in the
shape of a cylinder is called a solenoid.

Magnetic field pattern outside the solenoid is non uniform and is similar to that
produced by a bar magnet.

Magnetic field inside the solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines which
indicates that the field is uniform inside the solenoid.

One end of the solenoid behaves as magnetic north pole while the other behaves as
magnetic south pole.

If current is in the anticlockwise direction that end is north pole and if


current is in the clockwise direction that end is the south pole.

Magnetic field lines through and around a current carrying solenoid-

Pg 229 figure 13.10

Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field ( Ampere’s experiment)

Learn the activity 13.7 (pg 230)

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Qn 1: What are the factors on which strength of the field due to a current carrying
straight conductor depends on?
Ans: Strength of the field is
(i) Directly proportional to the amount of current flowing through the
conductor.
(ii) Inversely proportional to the distance from the conductor.
Qn 2: What are the factors on which the magnetic field produced by a current
carrying circular coil depends on ?
Strength of the field is
(i) Directly proportional to the current flowing through the coil.
(ii) Inversely proportional to the radius of the coil
(iii) Directly proportional to the number of turns of wire in the circular
coil
Qn 3: what are the factors on which the strength of the field produced by a current
carrying solenoid depends on ?

Ans: Strength of magnetic field is

(i) Directly proportional to the current flowing through the solenoid.


(ii) Directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length.
(iii) Nature of material of core inside the solenoid.

Qn 4: How will you use a solenoid to magnetise a steel rod?

Ans: A strong magnetic field produced inside a solenoid can be used to magntise a
steel rod , when placed inside the coil.

Qn 5: Electro magnet

Ans: When a soft iron rod is placed inside a solenoid carrying current , it becomes
a magnet as long as current flows through the solenoid. Such a magnet is called an
electromagnet.

Qn 6: Uses of electro magnet.

Ans: (i) They are used in cranes for lifting and transporting heavy loads of iron
and steel scrap.

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(ii)They are used in electrical devices like electric bells, electric motor, telephone
receiver, loud speaker, microphone etc.

Qn 7: Name the factors on which the force acting on a current carrying conductor
depend?

(i) Strength of current ( F ∝ I )


(ii) Length of the conductor ( F ∝l)
(iii) Strength of the magnetic field ( F∝ B )
Qn 8 : What is the principle of an electric motor?

Ans: When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field such that the
direction of current is perpendicular to the magnetic field, it experiences a force.

Qn 9: Describe an activity to show that a current carrying conuctor in an external


magnetic field experiences a force. (Activity 13.7 -pg 230)

Qn 10: Difference between electro magnet and permanent magnet.

Electro magnet Permanent magnet


1. It can be demagnetized easily by It cannot be demagnetized
stopping electric current
2 Strength of the magnetic field can be The strength of the magnetic
increased or decreased by increasing or field cannot be changed
decreasing electric current through the
solenoid
Polarity ( north pole and south pole) can The polarity cannot be reversed
be reversed by reversing the direction of
electric current
Qn 11: Advantages of AC over DC.

(i) AC can be easily converted into DC.


(ii) AC can be transmitted over long distances without much loss of
energy.
Qn 12: Disadvantages of AC over DC.

(i) AC is more dangerous than DC.


(ii) AC cannot be used in the process of electrolysis & DC is used for this
process.
Qn 13: Write the differences between AC and DC.

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AC DC
1 AC current reverses its DC always flows in one direction.
direction periodically.
2 AC can be used for large scale DC cannot be used for large scale
supply of electricity without supplying of electricity for house hold
much loss of energy and to run purpose.
electrical appliances like
electric bulbs,electric iron etc
3 Frequency of AC in India is 50 Frequency of DC is zero
Hz
4

Qn 14: Explain the main features of a domestic circuit with the help of diagram.

Electric power is supplied to the homes through overhead electric poles or by


underground cables. One of the wires in this supply is with red insulation cover is
called live wire and the other with black insulation is called neutral wire. The
potential difference between two wires is 220 V.

These wires pass into the electricity meter trough the electricity board’s main fuse.
Through the main switch they are connected to the line wires in the home. There is
an earth wire with green insulation connected to a metal plate deep in the earth
near the home which is used a safety measure. In each separate circuits the
different appliances can be connected across the live and neutral wire. Appliances
are connected parallel to each other to get equal potential difference. Each
appliance has a separate switch to ON / OFF the flow of current through it.

A schematic diagram of one of the common domestic circuits

Fig 13.20 (pg 238)

Qn 15: Name and explain two safety measures used in electric circuits and
appliances.

Electric fuse: Fuse wire is a safety device which consists of a piece of wire made
of a metal or an alloy with low melting point. It is placed in series with the device
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or main circuit. When a current larger than the specified value flows through the
circuit, it melts and breaks the circuit. So a fuse prevent damage to the appliances
and the circuit due to over loading and short circuiting.

Earthing: The earth wire is connected to a metal plate deep in the earth. The
metallic body of the appliances is connected to the earth wire which provides
a low resistance conducting path for the current. So if any leakage f current to
the metallic body of the appliance the user may not get a severe electric
shock.

Over loading: It means the flow of large amount of current in the circuit beyond
the permissible value of current. It can occur due to accidental hike in the supply
voltage or by connecting too many appliances to a single socket.

Short circuiting : It is the sudden flow of an extremely large current due to direct
contact of live wire and neutral wire. This occurs when the insulation of wires is
damaged or there is a fault in the appliance. Then the resistance of the circuit
becomes very small and hence huge huge current flows. Large amount of heat will
produce and the circuit may catch fire.

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