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 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
Q1. A vector whose modulus is 51 and makes the same angle with
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ →
𝑖−2𝑗+2𝑘 −4𝑖−3𝑘 ^
𝑎= 3
,𝑏 = 5
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 𝑗, will be
^ ^ ^
a. 5𝑖 + 5𝑗 + 𝑘
^ ^ ^
b. 5𝑖 + 𝑗 − 5𝑘
^ ^ ^
c. 5𝑖 + 𝑗 + 5𝑘
^ ^ ^
d. ±(5𝑖 − 𝑗 − 5𝑘)
Solution:
^ ^ ^
Let the required vector α = 𝑑1𝑖 + 𝑑2𝑗 + 𝑑3𝑘

2 2 2
Where, 𝑑1 + 𝑑2 + 𝑑3 = 51 (𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛) …… (i)

Now, each of the given vectors, a, b and c is a unit vectors,

→ → → → → →
𝑑•𝑎 𝑑•𝑏 𝑑•𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = |𝑑||𝑎|
= |𝑑||𝑏|
= |𝑑||𝑐|

→ → → → → →
Or. 𝑑 • 𝑎 = 𝑑 • 𝑏 = 𝑑 • 𝑐
→ → → →
|𝑑| = 51 cancels out and |𝑎| = |𝑏| = |𝑐| = 1
Hence, 3 (𝑑1 − 2𝑑2 + 2𝑑3) = 5 (− 4𝑑1 + 0𝑑2 − 3𝑑3) = 𝑑2
1 1

⇒ 𝑑1 − 5𝑑2 + 2𝑑3 = 0

And 4𝑑1 + 5𝑑2 + 3𝑑3 = 0

𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑑3
On solving, we get 5
= −1
= −5
= λ (𝑠𝑎𝑦)

Putting 𝑑1, 𝑑2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑3 in Eq. (i) we get λ = ±1

^ ^ ^
Hence, the required vectors are ±(5𝑖 − 𝑗 − 5𝑘)
Q2. If the angle between the vectors
→ ^ ^ ^ → 2 ^ ^
𝑎 = 𝑖 + (cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑗 + 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑖 − (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑗 +
^
(3 − 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) 𝑘 is obtuse and 𝑥∈ 0, ( π
2 ), then the exhaustive set of values of ‘𝑥’ is equal to
a. 𝑥∈ 0, ( ) π
6
𝑥∈( , )
π π
b. 6 2
𝑥∈( , )
π π
c. 6 3
𝑥∈( , )
π π
d. 3 2

Solution:
→ →
∵𝑎 • 𝑏 < 0
2 2
⇒ (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 3 − 4 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 < 0
 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
2
⇒ 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 2 < 0
⇒(sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 2)(2 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 1) < 0

(−)𝑣𝑒

⇒ sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 >

1
2
⇒ 𝑥∈ ( π
6
,
π
2 )
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ → → → → → →
Q3. Let 𝑎 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 2𝑘 and 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 . 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑐 be a vector such that | 𝑐 − 𝑎 | = 3, | (𝑎 × 𝑏)×𝑐| = 3
and
→ → → → →
The angle between 𝑎 × 𝑏 and 𝑐 is 30°. Then 𝑎∙ 𝑐 is equal to
a. 2
b. 5
c. 1/8
d. 25/8
Solution:
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^
𝑎 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 2𝑘, 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 𝑗
→
||
⇒ 𝑎 = 3
→ → ^ ^ ^
𝑎 × 𝑏 = 2𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 𝑘
→ → 2 2 2
|
∴𝑎×𝑏 = | 2 +2 +1 = 3
→ → → → → → ^
We have (𝑎 × 𝑏) × 𝑐= 𝑎 × 𝑏 𝑐 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30𝑛 | || |
→ → → → 1
⇒|𝑎 × 𝑏)×𝑐| = 3|𝑐|. 2

→
⇒3 = 3 𝑐 . || 1
2
→
||
∴ 𝑐 =2
→ →
|𝑐 − 𝑎| = 3
On squaring, we get
2 2 → →
⇒ 𝑐 + 𝑎 − 2𝑐 • 𝑎 = 9
→ →
⇒4 + 9 − 2𝑎 • 𝑐 = 9
→ → → → →
⇒ 𝑎 • 𝑐 = 2 [∵ 𝑐∙𝑎 = 𝑎 • 𝑐]
Q4. Angle between diagonals of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are represented by
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
𝑎 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑖 − 𝑗 − 𝑘

a. 𝑐𝑜𝑠
−1 1
3 ( )
b. 𝑐𝑜𝑠
−1 1
2 ( )
 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
c. 𝑐𝑜𝑠
−1 4
9 ( )
d. 𝑐𝑜𝑠
−1 5
9 ( )
Solution:
→ →
Diagonals are 𝑎 + 𝑏 = (3, 0, 0)
→ →
And 𝑎 − 𝑏 = (1, 2, 2)
→ → → →

𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = ( → →) → → =
𝑎+𝑏 .(𝑎−𝑏) 3 1
3.3
= 3
|𝑎+𝑏||𝑎−𝑏|
θ= 𝑐𝑜𝑠
−1 1
3( )
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
Q5. Given the three vectors 𝑎 =− 2𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘, 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 5𝑗 and 𝑐 = 4𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 2𝑘. The projection of the
→ → →
vector 3𝑎 − 2 𝑏 on the vector 𝑐 is
a. 11
b. -11
c. 13
d. 15
Solution:
→ → →
𝑎 = (− 2, 1, 1), 𝑏 = (1, 5, 0), 𝑐 = (4, 4, − 2)
→ → →
𝑑 = 3𝑎 − 2𝑏
= 3(− 2, 1, 1) − 2(1, 5, 0)
= (− 6, 3, 3) − (2, 10, 0) = (− 8, − 7, 3)
→
Projection = |𝑑|𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
→→ →→
→
| | |𝑑𝑑|.𝑐|𝑐|
=𝑑 → → =
𝑑.𝑐
→
|𝑐|
=
−32−28−6
16+16+4
=
−66
6
=− 11

→ ^ ^ → ^ ^ → ^ → ^ ^ ^
Q6. Let 𝑎 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠θ)𝑖 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛θ)𝑗, 𝑏 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛θ)𝑖 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠θ)𝑗, 𝑐 = 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 7𝑖 + 𝑗 + 10𝑘.
→ ^ ^ ^ → → → → 2
𝑥 +𝑦
2
If 𝑟 = 7𝑖 + 𝑗 + 10𝑘. If 𝑟 = 𝑥𝑎 + 𝑦𝑏 + 𝑧𝑐, then the value of 𝑧
is equal to

a. 3
b. 5
c. 50
d. 7
Solution:
→ ^ ^ ^
𝑟 = (𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ)𝑖 + (− 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ + 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ)𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘
→ ^ ^ ^
∵ 𝑟 = 7𝑖 + 𝑗 + 10𝑘
On comparison
 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 7……. (𝑖)
− 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ + 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 1……. (𝑖𝑖)
𝑧 = 10
Squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii)
2 2 2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 + (1) = 50
2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 50
⇒ 𝑧
= 10
= 5

Q7. A unit vector making an obtuse angle with x-axis and perpendicular to the plane containing the
→ → → → → → → → →
points 𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 3𝑘, 2𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 4𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 + 5𝑗 + 7𝑘 also makes an obtuse angle with
a. y-axis
b. z-axis
c. Both y and z axes
d. Both x and y axes
Solution:
Let the given points be A, B, and C respectively, the unit vectors perpendicular to the plane
containing A, B, and C are given by
→ →
𝐴𝐵×𝐴𝐶 1 ^ ^ ^
± → → = ± (− 𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 3𝑘)
|𝐴𝐵×𝐴𝐶| 26

Since the required vector makes an obtuse angle with x-axis so, it is equal to
1 ^ ^ ^
(− 𝑖 + 4𝑗 − 3𝑘)
26

→
Here coefficient of 𝑘 < 0
∴ It makes obtuse angle with z-axis.
→
Q8. If a vector 𝑟 satisfies the equation
→ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ →
( )
𝑟 × 𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘 = 𝑖 − 𝑘, then 𝑟 is equal to
→ → →
a. 𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 𝑘
→ → →
b. 3𝑖 − 7𝑗 − 3𝑘
→ → → →
c. 𝑘 + 𝑡(𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘) where t is any scalar
→ → →
d. 2𝑖 + (𝑡 + 3)𝑗 − 5𝑘 where t is any scalar
Solution:
→ → → →
𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘
→ → → → → → → →
∴(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘)×( 𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘)= 𝑖 − 𝑘
⇒ |𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 1 2 1 | = 𝑖 − 𝑘

⇒ 𝑖(𝑦 − 2𝑧) − 𝑗(𝑥 − 𝑧) + 𝑘(2𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑖 − 𝑘

 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
On comparing, 𝑧 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1
→ → → →
∴𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖 + (2𝑥 + 1) 𝑗 + 𝑥𝑘…..(1)
Also (1) ⇒ 𝑟 = 𝑗 + 𝑥(𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘)
Or, 𝑟 = 𝑗 + 𝑡((𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘) where t is scalar.
→ → →
for 𝑡 = 1, 𝑟 = 𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 𝑘
→ → → → → →
Q9. The number of integral values of p for which (𝑝 + 1)𝑖 − 3𝑗 + 𝑝𝑘, 𝑝𝑖 + (𝑝 + 1)𝑗 − 3𝑘 and
→ → →
− 3𝑖 + 𝑝𝑗 + (𝑝 + 1) 𝑘 are linearly dependent vectors is
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
Solution:
The vectors are linearly dependent
⇒ |𝑝 + 1 − 3 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 + 1 − 3 − 3 𝑝 𝑝 + 1 | = 0

⇒ (2𝑝 − 2)|1 − 3 𝑝 1 𝑝 + 1 − 3 1 𝑝 𝑝 + 1 | = 0
⇒2(𝑝 − 1)|1 − 3 𝑝 0 𝑝 + 4 − 3 − 𝑝 0 𝑝 + 3 1 | = 0

2
⇒2(𝑝 − 1)(𝑝 + 4 + (𝑝 + 3) ) = 0

2
(
⇒ (𝑝 − 1) 𝑝 + 7𝑝 + 13 = 0 )
2
Roots of 𝑝 + 7𝑝 + 13 = 0 are imaginary
∴ 𝑝 =1
Only integral value of p is 1.
→ → → → → → → → →
Q10. Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be two-unit vectors such that | 𝑎 + 𝑏|= 3. If 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3(𝑎 × 𝑏), then
→
2|𝑐| is equal to

a. 55
b. 51
c. 43
d. 37
Solution:
→ →
| 𝑎 + 𝑏|= 3
→ →2
⇒|𝑎 + 𝑏| = 3
|→ 2 |→ → →2

| |
||
⇒ |𝑎| + 2|𝑎| 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ + |𝑏| = 3
 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
1 π
⇒𝑐𝑜𝑠θ = 2
⇒θ = 3

→ → → → →
𝑐 = 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3(𝑎 × 𝑏)
→2 → → → → → → → →
⇒ |𝑐| = (𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3 𝑎 × 𝑏 ). (𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3 𝑎 × 𝑏 ) ( ) ( )
→2 |→ 2 |→ 2 → → 2 → →
⇒|𝑐| = |𝑎| + 4|𝑏| + 9|(𝑎 × 𝑏)| + 4𝑎 ∙2𝑏
| |
→2 2 π 1
⇒|𝑐| + 1 + 4 + 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3
+ 4× 2

→2 55
⇒|𝑐| = 4
→
⇒ 𝑐 = || 55
2
→
||
∴2 𝑐 = 55
^ → ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^ ^
Q11. Let 𝑐 be a unit vector coplanar with 𝑎 = 𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘 such that 𝑐 is
perpendicular
→ ^ → 11
to 𝑎. If P be the projection of 𝑐 along 𝑏, where 𝑝 = 𝑘
then find k.

Solution:
^ → →
Let 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑦𝑏, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(
⇒ 𝑐 = 𝑥 𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘 + 𝑦 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘 ) ( )
^ ^ ^ ^
⇒ 𝑐 = 𝑖(𝑥 + 2𝑦) + 𝑗(− 𝑥 − 𝑦) + 𝑘(2𝑥 + 𝑦)
^
But 𝑐∙𝑎 = 0
6𝑥
6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 0 ⇒𝑦 =− 5

^ −7𝑥 ^ 𝑥 ^ 4𝑥 ^
So, 𝑐 = 5
𝑖 + 5
𝑗 + 5
𝑘
2 2 2
49𝑥 +𝑥 +16𝑥 2 25
We have, 25
= 1⇒𝑥 = 66

^ 5 −7 ^ 1 4 ^
∴ 𝑐= ± ( 5
𝑖+ 5 + 5
𝑘)
66

^
𝑝 = 𝑐∙𝑏 = | | 11
6

11
So, 𝑝
= 6 ⇒𝑘 = 6
^ → → → → →
Q12. Let 𝑎 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 2𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 𝑗. If c is a vector such that 𝑎 • 𝑐 = 𝑐 , 𝑐 − 𝑎 = 2 2 and the ||| |
angle
→ → → → → →
between 𝑎 × 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 30° then the value of 2 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑐 𝑖𝑠_______. |( ) |
 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
Solution:
→ → → → → →
| |
|𝑎 × 𝑏)×𝑐 = 𝑎 × 𝑏 |𝑐 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° | |
→ → → 1 → → →
|(𝑎 × 𝑏)×𝑐| = 2
|𝑎 × 𝑏||𝑐| …. (i)
→ ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^
we have 𝑎 = 2𝑖 + 𝑗 − 2𝑘 and 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 𝑗
→ → ^ ^ ^
⇒ 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 2𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 𝑘
→ →
|
⇒ 𝑎×𝑏 = 9= 3 |
→ → → →2
Also given |𝑐 − 𝑎|=2 2⇒|𝑐 − 𝑎| = 8
→2 →2 → → → → → →
⇒ |𝑐| + |𝑎| − 2𝑎 • 𝑐 = 8 Given |𝑎| = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 • 𝑐 = |𝑐|
Therefore,
→2 → → 2 →
||
|𝑐| − 2 𝑐 + 1 = 0⇒( 𝑐 − 1) = 0⟹ 𝑐 = 1 || ||
→ → →
Substituting the values of |𝑎 × 𝑏| 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑖𝑛 (1), 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 ||
→ → → 1 3
|(𝑎 × 𝑏)×𝑐| = 2
×3×1 = 2
→ → →
|2(𝑎 × 𝑏)×𝑐 = 3
→ → → → → → →
Q13. If 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are vectors perpendicular to each other and |𝑎| = 2, 𝑏 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 × 𝑎 = 𝑏 then the ||
least
→ →
value of 2|𝑐 − 𝑎| 𝑖𝑠________.
Solution:
→ → →
|𝑐 × 𝑎| = |𝑏|
→ →
| || |
⇒ 𝑐 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ = 3
→
⇒ |𝑐|𝑠𝑖𝑛θ =
3
2

→ →2 →2 →2 → →
|𝑐 − 𝑎| = |𝑐| + 𝑎 || − 2𝑎 • 𝑐
→2 → →
=|𝑐| + 4 − 2|𝑎||𝑐| 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
→2 →
= |𝑐| + 4 − 4|𝑐| 𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
9 2
= 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ + 4 − 6 𝑐𝑜𝑡θ

9 9 2
= 4
+ 4
𝑐𝑜𝑡 θ − 6𝑐𝑜𝑡θ + 4
2 9 3 2 9
⇒ |𝑐 − 𝑎| = 4
+ ( 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡θ − 2) ≥ 4
 Vector Algebra Test Solutions
→ → → →
Hence, 𝑐 − 𝑎 ≥ | | 3
2 |
⇒2𝑐−𝑎 ≥ 3 |
→ → ^ ^ ^ → ^ ^ ^
Q14. Let 𝑐 be a vector perpendicular to the vectors 𝑎 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 𝑘. If
→ ^ ^ ^ → → →
( )
𝑐 • 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 3𝑘 = 8, then the value of 𝑐∙(𝑎 × 𝑏) is equal to______.
Solution:
→ → →
𝑐 = λ(𝑎 × 𝑏)
→ → ^^ ^
𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑖𝑗𝑘11 − 1121 | |
→ → ^ ^ ^
(𝑎 × 𝑏) = 3𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 𝑘
→ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
𝑐 • (𝑖 + 𝑗 + 3𝑘) = λ(3𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 𝑘) • (𝑖 + 𝑗 + 3𝑘)
⇒ λ(4) = 8⇒λ = 2
→ → →
𝑐= 2 𝑎×𝑏 ( )
→ → →
Hence, 𝑐 • 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 28 ( )
→ → → → →2 → →2
Q15. Let 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 be three-unit vectors such that |𝑎 − 𝑏| + |𝑎 − 𝑐| = 8. Then
→ →2 → →2
|𝑎 + 2𝑏| + |𝑎 + 2𝑐| is equal to _______.
Solution:
→ →2 → →2
|𝑎 − 𝑏| + |𝑎 − 𝑐| = 8
→2 →2 → → →2 →2 → →
| | | | − 2𝑎. 𝑐 = 8
|𝑎| + |𝑏| − 2𝑎. 𝑏 + 𝑎 + 𝑐
→ → → →
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 − 2(𝑎. 𝑏 + 𝑎. 𝑐) = 8
→ → → →
𝑎. 𝑏 + 𝑎. 𝑐 =− 2 …. (𝑖)
→ →2 → →2
The value of |𝑎 + 2𝑏| + |𝑎 − 2𝑐|
→2 →2 → → →2 →2 → →
| | + 4|𝑐| + 4𝑎. 𝑐
=|𝑎| + 4|𝑏| + 4𝑎. 𝑏 + 𝑎
→ → → →
= 1 + 4 + 1 + 4 + 4 (𝑎. 𝑏 + 𝑎. 𝑐)
= 10 + 4(− 2)
= 10 − 8
= 2