LSV – Performing Setting out

of
Structures

T109
Monday, 26/07/2021
08:30 – 11:30 AM

TVET NATIONAL EXAMINATION, RTQF LEVEL 5, 2020-2021

OPTION/TRADE: LAND SURVEYING

SUBJECT: Performing Setting out of

Structures

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2020 - 2021

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
S
Marks

QUESTION 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total
S
Marks

QUESTION 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total
S
1
Marks

2
 Section I: Attempt all the Twelve (12) questions (60
marks)

01. Match the terms with their meanings in the table below. 5
marks
Column A Column B (Meanings)
(Items)
(a) Spillway is the arrangement made (kind of passage)
i. near the top of dam for the passage of surplus/
(b) Free board
excessive water from the reservoir.
(c) Toe means the portion of dam in contact with
ii. ground or river-bed at downstream side.
(d) Upstream
iii. is the direction towards the stream (river)
(e) Transmission source, or where the stream (river) is coming
from.
tower
is a structure set up for the purpose of
(f) Dam iv. transmitting and receiving power, radio,
(g) As-built telecommunication, electrical, television and
other electromagnetic signals.
(h) Electrical cable

Answer:

Column A Column B (Meanings)

(Items)
(a) Spillway is the arrangement made (kind of passage)
A near the top of dam for the passage of surplus/
(b) Free board
[1.5] excessive water from the reservoir.
(c) Toe means the portion of dam in contact with
C ground or river-bed at downstream side.
(d) Upstream
[1.5]
(e) Transmission D is the direction towards the stream (river)
[1.0] source, or where the stream (river) is coming
tower
from.
(f) Dam is a structure set up for the purpose of
(g) As-built E transmitting and receiving power, radio,
[1.0] telecommunication, electrical, television and
(h) Electrical cable other electromagnetic signals.
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02. (a) How can you explain the term "profile boards" as used in building setting
out?
1
mark
(b) Write the parts of a profile board as indicated in the figure below: 4
marks

3
Answer:
(a) Profile boards are pegs or pickets attached by timber crosspieces
which provide an anchor for the string lines that mark out the shape and
dimensions of a proposed building. [1]
(b) The indicated parts of a profile board on the figure are:
(1) Pegs; [1]
(2) Ledger/Batter board; [1]
(3) Nail; [1]
(4) String line/building line. [1]
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03. There are different types of errors that might be made when a structure is set
out
for example "gross errors", "systematic errors" and "random errors". These
errors
should be prevented and there are some measures to tackle these issues. How
can
you prevent errors during setting out of building?
5marks
Answer:

 The following are different types of control that should be carried out
to prevent any errors during the setting out building plan on ground:

One (1) mark for each error prevention in six (6)

 Good practice in office; [1]

 On site control of setting out; [1]
 Equipment and staff; [1]
 Checks; [1]
 Marking the ground; [1]
 Use of grid offset. [1]
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04. Identify any three (3) methods of setting out a right angle building. 5
marks
Answer:
 Methods of setting out a right angle building are:
 "Typical builders square" or "steel square method"; [1.5]
 The "3,4,5 method" or "Pythagoras theorem"; [1.5]
 Surveying instruments (Dumpy level; Theodolite; Total station; …); [2]
 Prismatic square method.
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05. Respond by True (T) or False (F) the statement below:
Brick masonry foundation; Stone masonry foundation; Concrete foundation; Steel
foundation; and Composite foundation are the types of foundation, basing on
construction materials used. 5
marks
Answer:
 Basing on construction materials used, the types of foundation are:

(1) Brick masonry foundation;

(2) Stone masonry foundation;
(3) Concrete foundation;
(4) Steel foundation;
(5) Composite foundation.
 The answer of that statement is true (T) [5]
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06. List down five (5) purposes (objectives) of water storage in constructing a dam.
5
marks
Answer:
The water storage in a dam is utilized for following objectives:
(a) Hydropower; [1]
(b) Irrigation; [1]
(c) Water for domestic consumption; [1]
(d) Drought and flood control; [1]
(e) For navigational facilities; [1]
(f) Other additional utilization is to develop fisheries. [1]
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07. A surveyor technician has given a task to control the verticality of building walls.
Using a sketch, explain how he/she was controlling the verticality of building
walls using a plumb bob method. 5
marks

5
Answer:

Sketch illustrating the verticality control of building walls using plumb bob
method [2]

 Controlling the verticality of building walls in low-rise construction a heavy

plumb-bob (5 to 10 kg) may be used as shown in figure above. [1]
 If the external wall was perfectly vertical then, when the plumb-bob coincides
with the centre of the peg, distance d at the top level would equal the offset
distance d of the peg at the base. [1]
 This concept can be used internally as well as externally, provided that holes
and openings are available. [1]
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08. Differentiate building setting out from structure. 5
marks
Answer:
 A "structure" is anything constructed or built from different interrelated parts
with a fixed location on the ground. [2.5]
 A "building setting out" is the process of marking the position, shape and
size of a building on ground at the construction site. [2.5] While,
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09. Write down the short notes on the following terms: 5
marks
(a) Datum peg
(b) Bell hole
(c) Charge
Answer:
(a) A "datum peg" is a peg fixed at the corner of a site in which all the
levels at the
sites are taken. [2]

(b) A "bell hole" is a hole dug into the ground over or alongside a pipeline
to allow the line to be examined and to provide room for workmen to perform
maintenance on pipeline. [1.5] Or

A "bell hole" is an excavation made to permit a survey, inspection,

maintenance, repair, or replacement of pipe sections. [1.5]
6
 (c) "Charge" is a designated form of explosive that is placed accordingly to
break up rock for pipeline installation. [1.5]
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7
10. Read attentively the following statements and complete them with the correct
term
selected among the following: "spillway"; "footing"; "settlement"; "Sub-
soil";
"Crest"; "berm"; and "transformer". 5
marks
(a) ……………the soil on which the foundation is constructed.
(b) A level space, shelf, or raised barrier (usually made of compacted soil)
separating two (2) areas is known as …………………...
(c) ………………. is a part on top of the Dam that may in some cases be used
for providing a roadway or walkway over the dam.
(d) The lowermost part of the foundation contact with the sub-soil is
……………….
(e) A ………….. is an electrical apparatus designed to convert alternating
current from one voltage to another. It can be designed to "step up" or "step
down" voltages and works on the magnetic induction principle.
Answer:
(a) Sub-soil; [1]
(b) Berm; [1]
(c) Crest; [1]
(d) Footing; [1]
(e) Transformer. [1]
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11. A Land Surveyor has given a job to set out a building reserved for new modern
office of BURERA District. Give the importance of surveying for setting out.
5
marks
Answer:
 Creation of a setting out net including measurement, calculation, and
marking of survey stations which can be used for setting out; [1]
 Setting out of the spatial position of a building= Setting out of the
building main position line (=frontage), setting out of the axis or the main
points of linear structure (road; railway; watercourse); [1]
 Detailed setting out: Setting out of a building size and shape. [1]


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12. Enumerate any four (4) surveying instruments, tools and two (2) materials used
in
building setting out. 5
marks
Answer:
8
  Surveying Instruments [2]
 Total station; [0.5]
 Theodolite; [0.5]
 Dumpy level; [0.5]
 GPS receiver. [0.5]
 Four (4) Tools [2]
 Tape measure; [0.5]
 Builder’s square; [0.5]
 Builder’s level (Spirit level); [0.5]
 Plumb bob; [0.5]
 Chain; [0.5]
 Spade; [0.5]
 Hammer; [0.5]
 Hoe; [0.5]
 Machete; [0.5]
 Hack saw; [0.5]
 Pick axe; [0.5]
 Wheelbarrow; [0.5]
 PPE. [0.5]
 Four (4) Materials [1.5]
 String for string lines; [0.5]
 Timber for profiles and pegs; [0.5]
 Nails [0.5]

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Section I: Attempt any Four (4) questions out of Six (6) (40
marks)
13. With the help of sketch, show the following parts of dam: Heel; Toe; Gallery;
Sluice way; Free board; Upstream; Crest; Spillway; and Downstream. 10
marks
Answer:
 Figure representing a dam and its different parts: [10]

9
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14. (a) A surveyor is given a job of determining the elevations of four (4) room
corners
from the Mean Sea Level (MSL) up to ceiling. He/she will use a ………….. (level
instrument and Normal staff reading; level instrument and inverted staff
reading). 5
marks

(b) An intern/student has given a field practical work to find the elevation of
slab
under side. The Benchmark height is 100m; the reading on staff at
Benchmark
is 2.240m and that on slab under side is -4.270m. How he/she has found that
elevation? 6
marks
Answer:

(a) A surveyor is given a job of determining the elevations of four (4) room
corners from the Mean Sea Level (MSL) up to ceiling. He/she will use a "level
instrument" [2] and "Inverted staff reading". [2]

(b) The elevation of slab under side is calculated as follows:

 RLBM= 100m; B.SBM= 2.240m; F.SSlab= - 4.270m [1]
 H.I= RLBM+ B.SBM = 100m+2.240m [1]
= 102.240m [1]
 RLSlab= H.I- F.SSlab= 102.240m –(-4.270m) [1]
= 102.240m +4.270m [1]
10
 = 106.510m [1]
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15. A rectangular parcel ABCD of 110 m perimeter and 25 m width to be built a
residential house as it is represented in the figure below.
(a) Estimate the area of that parcel; 4
marks
(b) Complete the following parts names to the indicated numbers in figure
below:
Site datum post (Temporary benchmark); Main setting out lines; Site
boundary;
Baseline; Diagonal checks; and Profiles boards. 6
marks

Answer:
(a) The area of a parcel is calculated as follows:
─ Perimeter (P) = (L+W) x 2 [1] ↔ L= (P/2) - W= (110m/2)-25m [1]
= 30 m [1]
─ Area of parcel (A) [1]

(b) The names of parts indicated in the given figure: [6]

(1) Site boundary; [1]
(2) Datum peg; [1]
(3) Baseline; [1]
(4) Main setting out lines; [1]
(5) Diagonal checks; [1]
(6) Profile boards. [1]
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16. A building is a structure made with different elements. List any ten (10)
elements/
components of buildings. 10
marks
11
Answer:

→ The elements of buildings are the following: [10]

 Foundation; [1]
 Plinth; [1]
 Wall; [1]
 Floor; [1]
 Lintels; [1]
 Slab; [1]
 Beam; [1]
 Openings; [1]
 Roof; [1]
 Ventilators; [1]
 Stair; [1]
 Lump; [1]
 Ceiling; [1]
 Roof cover; [1]
 Truss. [1]
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17. The following table indicates the coordinates of building set out in parcel ABCD:

CORNE EASTING (X) (m) NORTHING (Y) (m)

R
C1 504190 4779559
C2 504180 4779559
C3 504180 4779554
C4 504182 4779554
C5 504182 4779560
C6 504190 4779560
C7 504190 4779554
(a) Calculate the building dimensions from layout plan to be transferred to the
ground. 7 marks
(b) Check if there are errors during the setting out. 3
marks

12
Answer:
(a) The building dimensions are calculated as follow:
 Length of a survey line= [1]
 If a line is joining point C1 and C2, ∆E= EC2-EC1 [0.75] and ∆N= NC2-NC1
[0.75]
 Length C1C2 =

=
= 10 m [0.5]
 Length C2C3 =

=
= 5 m [0.5]
 Length C3C4 =

=
= 2 m [0.5]
 Length C4C5 =

=
= 6 m [0.5]
 Length C5C6 =

=
= 8 m [0.5]
 Length C6C7 =

=
=6 m [0.5]
 Length C4C7 =

=
=8 m [0.5]
 Length C1C7 =

=
=5 m [0.5]
 Length C3C7 =

13
 =
=10 m [0.5] Or
 Length C3C7 = C3C4+C4C7
= 2 m+ 8 m
= 10 m

14
(b) Checking if there are errors in remote sensing

 Diagonal C1C3 =

=
=11.180 m [0.5]
 Diagonal C2C7 =

=
=11.180 m [0.5]
 Diagonal C4C6 =

=
=10 m [0.5]
 Diagonal C5C7 =

=
=10 m [0.5]
There is no error when a building was set out because the diagonals are
equal. [1]
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18. Checking the building length sides and diagonals; Measuring 8m from building
corner C to D; Marking the peg on building corner C; Measuring 900 and sighting 4th
building corner C; Measuring 6m from building corner B to C; Removing parallax
when theodolite is set up on corner B; Theodolite leveling up over a building corner
B; Centering instrument over a building corner B; Tripod setting up on the 2nd
building corner B; Marking the peg on building corner D; Measuring 900 and sighting
3rd building corner D; Measuring 6m from building corner A to D; Sighting the 2nd
building corner B; Removing parallax when theodolite is set up on corner A;
Theodolite leveling up over a building corner A; Centering instrument over a building
corner A; Mounting instrument on tripod; Removing instrument in box; Tripod
setting up on the 1st building corner A; Marking pegs on a building base line AB; and
Measuring 8m for building base line AB; are the steps followed to set out a building
represented in the figure below when a theodolite instrument; tools and materials
have been used. Arrange correctly from the starting one to the last the above
disorder steps. 10 marks

15
16
Answer:
Step 1: Measuring 8m for building base line AB; [0.5]
Step 2: Marking pegs on a building base line AB ; [0.5]
Step 3: Tripod setting up on the 1st building corner A; [0.5]
Step 4: Removing instrument in box; [0.5]
Step 5: Mounting instrument on tripod; [0.5]
Step 6: Centering instrument over a building corner A; [0.5]
Step 7: Theodolite leveling up over a building corner A; [0.5]
Step 8: Removing parallax when theodolite is set up on corner A; [0.5]
Step 9: Sighting the 2nd building corner B; [0.5]
Step 10: Measuring 6m from building corner A to D; [0.5]
Step 11: Measuring 900 and sighting 3rd building corner D;
Step 12: Marking the peg on building corner D; [0.5]
Step 13: Tripod setting up on the 2nd building corner B; [0.5]
Step 14: Centering instrument over a building corner B; [0.5]
Step 15: Theodolite leveling up over a building corner B; [0.5]
Step 16: Removing parallax when theodolite is set up on corner B; [0.5]
Step 17: Measuring 6m from building corner B to C; [0.5]
Step 18: Measuring 900 and sighting 4th building corner C;
Step 19: Marking the peg on building corner C; [0.25]
Step 20: Measuring 8m from building corner C to D; [0.25]
Step 21: Checking the building length sides and diagonals; [0.5]
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