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Elements and Their Properties

Before You Read
Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.

Before You
Read Elements and Their Properties
A • A metal is malleable, ductile, and a good electrical
conductor due to metallic bonding.
D • Mercury is not a metal because it is liquid at room
temperature.
D • Noble gases are highly reactive.
A • A metalloid is a synthetic metal.
D • Synthetic elements are unstable and short-lived.

Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning of this chapter.

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Science Journal
Describe some of the most important elements found on Earth. Describe the properties
of these elements that make them so important.

Some elements that are important are oxygen, iron and carbon. Oxygen is in a gaseous form, and it

in the air that we breathe everyday. Oxygen also plays a big role in photosynthesis, so that plants

can grow. Iron's luster form widely used in our kitchen appliances, and it's health benefits will give

us one type of vitamin that we need to survive with. On the other hand, carbon can help cells give t

their own structure.

Elements and Their Properties 203

 Karthik 12/10/21
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Elements and Their Properties

Section 1 Metals

Predict four topics that might be discussed after reviewing the

headings, boldface terms, pictures, and charts of Section 1.
The Properties of Metals.
1.
Bonding in Metals
2.
Metals that are in Earth's crust
3.
Different types of metals
4.

Review
Vocabulary Define group as it relates to the periodic table.
The vertical columns in the periodic table.
group

New
Vocabulary Define the following words.
Elements that are shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors of heat and
metal
electricity.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Can be hammered or rolled into sheets.
malleable

Can be drawn into wires.

ductile

Positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by a sea of electrons.

metallic bonding

When the nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy.
radioactive element

Elements in groups 3 to 12 in the periodic table.

transition element

Academic
Vocabulary Define extract when used as a verb. Use a dictionary for help.
extract

204 Elements and Their Properties

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Section 1 Metals (continued)

Properties of Complete the outline of important points involving the physical

Metals properties and bonds of metals.
I found this information
on page 518 . I. Metals
A. Five Physical Properties
-Metallic Luster -Solids in Room Temperature

-Malleable

-Ductile

-Good Conductors

B. Bonding
1. Ionic Bonding
Whenever metals combine with non metals, to form a bond. The metal
atoms a formed to be positive ions, and the non metal ions are become
negative ions.

2. Metallic Bonding
Whenever metals combine with metals, to form a different bond. The
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by electrons, and leave

outer-level electrons.

The Alkali Compare the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in the Venn
Metals, The diagram.
Alkaline Earth
Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals
Metals
I found this information
on page 520 .
Both
- They are more softer -Makes up group 2 of
than other metals. the periodic table
-Both have the -Has 2 Electrons in its
- They have one electron same properties outer energy level.
as normal metals
in its outer energy level. (ductile, etc).
-Compounds of the
-Makes up Group 1 of -Both are the alkaline metals can
the periodic table. positively charged color fireworks.
ions in a
compound.
-Can react with
other elements.

Elements and Their Properties 205

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Section 1 Metals (continued)

The Transition Organize the transition elements and inner transition metals in the
Elements, The following chart.
Inner Transition Elements Uses
Elements Iron- Most widely used
Iron component in steel
Cobalt Nickel- Gives a shiny, protective covering for metals.
I found this information Nickel Cobalt- Adds specific characteristics (properties) to steel.
on page 522-524 . Copper- Used in electrical wiring.
Copper
Silver Silver- Can form two compounds (Silver Iodide and Silver Bromide), to make
photographic film.
Gold Gold- Can be used in jewellery.
Cadmium- Used in rechargeable batteries.
Zinc
Cadmium Zinc- Can be made into a compound (zinc oxide), so it can be used to
as a protective coat for metals.
Mercury Mercury -Can be used in thermostats, switches and batteries.

-Can be used with carbon to make a compound that is used for movie lighting,
Lanthanides - Can be also used as coloured phosphors, to once make television light.

-Thorium can be used in making the glass for the camera's lens.
Actinides -Can be also used in nuclear towers and as photographic toned.

Metals in Sequence the steps used to extract metal from the Earth’s crust.

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Earth’s Crust Earth metals must be mined and separated from their ores.
1.
I found this information
on page 525 . 2. The mineral is separated from the rock and clay.

The mineral is converted to its physical form, using roasting.

3.
The metal is refined to another pure form.
4.

CREATE IT Design a piece of jewelry using several of the metals discussed in

this section. Explain why you chose each metal. Draw a picture of your design.
- Gold, because it is usually used in jewellery.

-Zinc, because it can be used as a

protective coating for metals.

-Nickel, also gives a shiny coating for metal.

-Slicer, because it is also used in metals.

206 Elements and Their Properties