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Revision Notes For Class FC

Fundamentals of c program revision

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19 views

Revision Notes For Class FC

Fundamentals of c program revision

Uploaded by

tanushree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Types and their format specifiers

1. Integer - 4 bytes
Format specifier- %d
2. Float - 4 bytes
Format specifier- %f
3. Double- 8 bytes
Format specifier- %lf
4. Long double- 16 bytes
Format specifier- %Lf
5. Character- 1 byte
Format specifier- %c

Tokens-
Smallest individual element that can be easily identified by the compiler.
1. Keywords
Unique words or Reserved words
Example:
auto
switch
enum
break
continue
if
else
case
for
do
while
extern

2. Identifiers:
A valid identifier can have letters (both uppercase and lowercase letters), digits

and underscores.

The first letter of an identifier should be either a letter or an underscore.


You cannot use keywords like int, while ,etc. as identifiers.

Must not contain a white space.

3. Operators:
a. Unary Operators:
Those operators that require only a single operand to act upon are known
as unary operators. For Example increment and decrement operators.
Increment operators:
Pre (before) and post(after):
1. Pre increment and decrement:
a=5;
b=++a; (or) b= - -a;
printf(“%d %d”,a,b);
` 2. Post increment and decrement:
a=5;
b=a++; (or) b=a- -;
printf(“%d %d”,a,b);
b. Binary Operators:
*Acts on two operands*
Arithmetic- +, -, /, *
Relational- >, <, ==, >=, <=
Logical- Logical OR(||) and Logical AND (&&)
Assignment- ‘=’
Bitwise-
Bitwise And- &
Bitwise OR- |
BItwise X-OR- ^
Shift left- <<
Shift right- >>
Complement - ~

Ex:
1&1=1
1||1=1
9<<2
9- 00001001
Ans:
00100100
9>>2
Ans:
00000010

c. Constants: fixed values


2 ways to declare:
1. #define pi 3.14
2. const int x=3.14;

d. Characters: ASCII values


A-Z = 65-90
a-z = 97-122

e. Special Characters
ex: \n=new line
\t= tab(4 spaces)

Scope of variables: (where can it be accessed? Initial value? Lifetime?)

1. Local variables:
Accessibility: Within the block it is declared in
Default Value: Junk or garbage value
Lifetime: Til the block of statements terminate
Ex:
int x;
auto int x;

2. Static variables:
Accessibility: Can only get declared once, retains value, within block
Default value: 0
Lifetime: Till program ends
Ex:
void fn()
{
static int x;
x=x+1;
printf(“%d”,x);
}
int main()
{
fn();
fn();
fn();
}

3. Global variables
Accessibility: Throughout the program
Default value: 0
Lifetime: Till program ends

Ex:
int x;
void fn()
{
x=x+1;
printf(“%d”,x);
}
int main()
{
fn();
printf(“%d”,x);
}

4. External variables (scope is same as global, must use ‘extern’ keyword)

void fn()
{
extern int x; // no memory space allocated
x=x+1;
printf(“%d”,x);
}
int x; // memory space is allocated
int main()
{
fn();
printf(“%d”,x);
}
Write a menu driven program for a simple calculator using a user defined function

for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Menu driven program- Provides a list of choices or options for the user, so

that they can choose any one of the options.

1. Tell the user what is available(+, -, *, /)

2. Define a function for each operation

3. Use the function to get the desired output

Output:

Enter any two integers: 2 3

1. Addition

2. Subtraction

3. Multiplication

4. Division

Enter your choice: 1


You have picked addition: 5

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