True or False

1. Natural law is considered a rule of conduct that applies to all men at all times, according to their internal sense
of justice.
2. The Constitution of the Philippines is considered the highest law of the land and all other laws must conform
to it.
3. Judicial decisions or jurisprudence in the Philippines can be considered a source of law, and decisions of the
Supreme Court are binding on all subordinate courts.
4. The concept of divine law includes both the Ten Commandments and the Qur'an, reflecting its basis in
religious faith rather than formal legislative processes.
5. Physical laws are enforced by the state and can result in legal penalties if violated.
6. According to the description, state law is considered the only type of law that involves physical force for
enforcement if necessary.
7. Moral law is absolute and unchanging, regardless of societal changes or cultural contexts.
8. Administrative rules and regulations are intended to explain and implement legislative statutes but must
conform to the laws and Constitution.
9. Customary practices that become legally binding must be proved according to rules of evidence and cannot be
contrary to public policy.
10. The term 'law' in its specific sense refers only to the general body of legal rules and not to particular statutes
or legal principles.
11. If a law is silent or unclear, courts are expected to decline to render judgment rather than interpret it based on
justice and fairness.
12. A creditor is entitled to the fruits of a thing from the time the obligation to deliver arises, regardless of whether
delivery has taken place.
13. In obligations to give, the debtor does not have to preserve the thing due if the creditor has not yet fulfilled
their part of the contract.
14. If a debtor's obligation is to deliver a specific dog, they can deliver any dog of the same breed without needing
the creditor's approval.
15. An obligation to deliver a cavan of rice refers to a generic obligation.
16. Diligence required for the care of a thing depends on the nature of the obligation and the circumstances
surrounding it.
17. The term "diligence of a good father of a family" implies that the debtor must take extraordinary care of the
thing due.
18. The creditor acquires real rights over the thing once the obligation to deliver it arises, even before delivery.
19. In the case of a suspensive condition, the obligation to deliver a thing only arises when the condition is
fulfilled.
20. A debtor is liable for damages if the thing due is lost due to a fortuitous event.

Multiple Choice
21. What must a creditor prove to establish that the debtor is in delay?
a. That the debtor was notified of the consequences.
b. That the obligation was not due.
c. That a judicial or extrajudicial demand was made.
d. That the debtor had the means to perform.
22. In reciprocal obligations, when does delay begin for one party?
a. As soon as the contract is signed.
b. When both parties fulfill their obligations.
c. From the moment the other party fulfills their obligation.
d. At the expiration of the payment period.
23. What is the primary effect of mora accipiendi?
a. The creditor is relieved from all obligations.
b. The creditor becomes liable for damages.
c. The debtor incurs no liability.
d. The debtor must make extra-judicial demand
24. Which of the following best defines legal delay?
 a. The failure to perform on time without any penalties.
b. The failure to perform on time that constitutes a breach.
c. Delay caused by external factors beyond control.
d. Any-delay in the performance of an obligation.
25. What happens if a debtor proves that their delay was not due to their fault?
a. They are automatically exempt from liability.
b. They may still be liable for damages.
c. They have no obligation to perform.
d. Their delay is deemed excused.
Essay
1. In two separate documents signed by him, Juan Valentino "obligated" himself each to Maria and to Perla, thus
"To Maria, my true love, I obligate myself to give you my one and only horse when I feel like it." And "To
Perla, my true sweetheart, I obligated myself to pay you the P500.00 I owe you when I feel like it." Months
passed and Juan never bothered to make good his promises. Maria and Perla came to consult you on whether
or not they could recover on the basis of the foregoing settings. What would your legal advice be?
2. In 1997, Manuel bound himself to sell Eva a house and lot which is being rented by another person, if Eva
passes the 1998 bar examinations. Luckily for Eva, she passed said examinations.
a. Suppose Manuel had sold the same house and lot to another before Eva passed the 1998 bar examinations, is
such sale valid? Why?
b. Assuming that it is Eva who is entitled to buy said house and lot, is she entitled to the rentals collected by
Manuel before she passed the 1998 bar examinations? Why?

Answer Key
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. False
11. False
12. True
13. False
14. False
15. True
16. True
17. False
18. False
19. True
20. False
21. C
22. C
23. B
24. B
25. D