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Document

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caampued.denzljohn
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Denzl john caampued

Bs crim 3

Aug 28,2024

Answer the following questions in 1 hour. (5points each)

1. What are the functions of the PNP Questioned Document Examination


Divisions?

2. What does a forensics document examiner do.?

3. How did writing and forgery evolve?

4. What were the important events in history involving the pioneers of


document examination?

5. What are the historical causes that relate to the development of


questioned document examination?

function to examine questioned documents specifically includes the


following:

1.)

1. Handwriting examination including hand lettering (such as anonymous


letters, ransom notes and suicide notes) and signatures (such as those
appearing in deeds of absolute sale, receipts, marriage contracts and land
titles)

2. Imprint examination including those produced by manual devices (rubber


stamps, dater stamps and some cancellation stamps), mechanical devices
(typewriters and cheque writers), and electronic printing devices,
(typewriters, computer printers, time clocks and cash registers); also
includes those produced by the manufacture of counterfeits (currencies,
negotiable instruments, travel documents, licenses, and various personal
credentials and identification documents)

3. Writing media examiriation including instruments, inks and papers

4. Dating examination including absolute determinations (e.g., dates of


introduction of products) and relative determination (e.g., erasures or
alterations), changes,

insertions and substitutions


5. Examination of falsification and alterations- including removals (e.g.,
erasures or alterations), changes, insertions and substitution

6. Examination of invisible, faded and obscured writings and impressions of


writings

7. Examination of preternatural paper characteristics including tears,


fasteners (e.g., paper clips and staples), cuts and perforations

8. Miscellaneous examination - including envelope tampering. adhesives,


laminations, typist's characteristics and

linguistics

9. Conduct lectures to PNP, AFP and other government agencies.

10. Conduct field laboratory works questioned document

examiners are sent to agencies/offices to conduct examination and to


photograph original documents that cannot be submitted to the PNP Crime
Laboratory

THE FIELD OF FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINATIO

11. Attend court duties

Document examinations performed by the PNP-QDED are based on written


requests from government agencies, private investigating agencies, court
orders, as well as private requesting parties. However, documents previously
examined by any competent government agency are not reexamined unless
ordered by the court of law.

2.) Forensic document examiners or a questioned document examiners refer


to persons who study all aspects of a document to determine its authenticity,
origin, handwriting, photocopies, inks and papers. Unlike the typical law
enforcement officer, they do not conduct crime scene searches, street
investigations, interviews or interrogations.

3.) History of Forgery

The practice of forgery, or the falsification and alteration of writiną with


intent to defraud, is as old as writing itself. The crime of forger has been
practiced since ancient times where writing existed. Belov are important
events in the history of forgery (Koppenhaver, 2007).
80 BC - Romans prohibited the falsification of documents that transferred
land to heirs.

Middle Ages - Forgery became prevalent in Europe.

1562 England passed a statute prohibiting forgery

of publicly recorded and officially sealed documents, specifically those


pertaining to titles for land.

1726-False endorsement on an unsealed private document became a crime


punishable by pillory, fines, imprisonment, and even death.

1819-England issued one pound bills inscribed on ordinary white paper with
a simple pen and ink, resulting in massive forgeries and the arrest of 94,000
people, 7,700 of which were sentenced to death.

1823 The United States enacted the principal federal forgery statute that
prohibited false making, forgery, от the alteration of any writing for the
purpose of obtaining.. financial gain.

1962 The American Law Institute's Model Penal Code

simplified and defined the elements of forgery and became the standard for
defining the crime of forgery.

4.) Key events in the history of document examination include


Albert S. Osborn's foundational work in the late 1800s, the role of
handwriting analysis in the 1932 Lindbergh case, and the formal
establishment of the field with the ASQDE in 1942.

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