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Physics 2nd Quarter Reviewer

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66 views

Physics 2nd Quarter Reviewer

Sample reviewer

Uploaded by

Wilmer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics 2nd Quarter Reviewer

Bodies in Motion 6. Spring force- “restoring force”, F s


Force- push or pull F s=−k ∙ ∆ x
- quantitative description of an object’s k = spring constant
interaction with another object, a group of
objects, or its surroundings. ∆𝑥 = extension
- The SI unit of Force is Newton, N Non-Contact Force
- 1 N = 1 kg m/s2
1. Gravitational Force, G
Classification of Forces
- pulls objects with mass toward each other.
1. Contact Forces
2. Weight, W
- Forces between two objects that are physically
touching each other. - force acting on an object that is due to the gravity
between the object and Earth
2. Non-Contact Forces
- force is always downward, towards the ground.
- Forces that act between two objects that are
not physically touching each other. 3. Electrostatic Force- experienced by any particle in an
electric field.
Contact Force

1. Tension, T- is the force associated with a string rope,


cord, etc.

2. Friction, f- is a force that exists between an object 4. Magnetic Force- experienced by any magnetic
and a surface in contact. material in a magnetic field.
- is parallel to the surface, but opposite in direction. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Types of Friction Aristole- view of motion is "it requires a force to make
an object move in an unnatural" manner
2.1 Static friction, f s– is the the friction without
movement - "motion requires force"

- f s=μ s N Galileo Galilei – Galileo explained the theory of motion


that every object had a property which Newton called
f s- Static Friction Inertia.
μs - coefficient of Friction (Static)

N – Normal Force

2.2 Kinetic Friction, f k – is the friction with movement

- f k =μk N

f k - Kinetic Friction Isaac Newton

- Inertia is a characteristics of an object that


μk - Coefficient of Friction (Kinetic)
counters its state of motion.
N – Normal Force
Newton’s First Law of Motion
3. Normal Force, N - objects are at rest or pushing on a
- “An object at rest stays at rest and an object in
surface, the surface exerts a force to the object
motion stays in motion with the same speed
perpendicular to the surface
and in the same direction unless acted upon by
4. Air Resistance- “drag force” an unbalanced force”
- A body at rest tends to stay at rest
- force that acts opposite to the motion of an object in
air. Newton’s Second Law of Motion

- is also present in water or any liquid, thus, it is - Once a force acts on an object making it
generally referred as fluid resistance. unbalances, it will accelerate and can be
expressed as:
5. Applied Force- force applied by a person to an object.
- a ∝ F , where mass is constant
1 1. Mechanical Energy
- a∝ , where force is constant
m
- energy of macroscopic particles due to their
F velocity or position.
- ∴ a ∝ , or simply
m
- F net=ma
Types of Mechanical Energy
- "The greater the mass of the object, the more
1.1 Kinetic Energy- energy associated to moving
force needed to make it accelerate"
objects.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion 1 2
- KE= m v
- “For every force of action, there is an equal but 2
opposite reaction”
Work and Kinetic Energy
- Faction = Freaction
- Work is done only when there is a change in an
object’s kinetic energy.
Free Body Diagrams (FBD)
- W =∆ KE=KE f −KE i
- FBD method is used to identify all the type of
1.2 Potential Energy
forces acting on an object including the
direction of the forces. - energy stored in an object when its relative
- Objects are represented as a simplified version position is changed due to work.
of the body, like a dot or a point. - term potential is used because the stored
- Forces are represented with arrows pointing to energy has the “potential” to do work when
the direction of the force released.
- A coordinate system is used.
Types of Potential Energy
Work, Energy, and Power
Gravitational Potential Energy
Energy - can transform form one form to another, but
the total amount of energy in the universe does not - energy stored in an object when its height from
change a reference point is changed due to work
- GPE=m ∙a g ∙ ∆ h
- quantitative property of a physical system.
- It is transferred to another system to do work, Elastic/ Spring Potential Energy
thus, a system’s energy is the amount of work - energy stored in a Hookean spring when it was
the system can do. compressed or stretched due to work.
- SI Unit for Energy : Joule (J) = kg∙m2/s2 1
- Symbol : E - EPE= ∙ k ∙ ∆ x
2
Work- amount of energy transferred by a force Law of Conservation of Energy
- SI Unit for Energy : Joule (J) = N∙m - energy can neither be created nor destroyed -
- Symbol : W only converted from one form of energy to
- Relates force and energy another.
- Dot Product of force and displacement
- W =Fcosθ ∙ ∆ x
1 J = 1 N∙m= 1 kg∙m2/s2

Power- rate of doing work

- SI Unit for Power is Watts (W)


W
- P=
∆t
Kilowatt-Hour - amount of work done by power of 1kW
in 1Hour is called kilowatt-hour.

W
- P=
∆t
- Rearranging the equation to solve for work:
- W =P∙ ∆ t
Work as transfer of energy

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